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East Asian Regionalism: Perspectives, Realities and the Future

Author(s): Roger Y Chao Jr / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

From the mid-1900s onwards, East Asian political developments, the East Asian Miracle, and regional integration initiatives in the region have facilitated a growing scholarship in East Asian political economy and regional issues. The 1997 Asian Financial Crisis and the recent global financial crises (2007 sub-prime crisis and the on-going European sovereign debt crisis) further highlighted the region. The former focused on the region’s weaknesses, while the later focused on its strengths in search of an Asian-led solution (in terms of economic capacity and growth) to support global economic growth and eventually contribute to the end of the recent string of global financial crises.

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At the source of the lack of the security and cooperation complex in Northeast Asia

Author(s): Anna Walkowiak / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The aim of this article is to present the reasons for the lack of security institutions in northeast Asia in the post-Cold War period and assess the Six-Party Talks ability to change this situation in the near future. In this article two theories of international relations will be applied to explain the current state of regional relations. A realistic perspective will be the dominant theoretical approach as it allows us to understand the situation in the region in terms of clash of interests in an anarchic reality. However, a few references to the theory of constructivism’s assumptions about the influence of culture are needed to better understand the specifics of the region

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The Adjustment of China’s Regional Development Strategy and Its Impact on Intergovernmental Relations

Author(s): Yang Long,Hu Huixuan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Since 2008, many synthetically reform experimental districts have been set up, and a considerable number of local development planning has been promoted as national-level development strategies. This indicates some changes in the regional development strategy in China. The government has re-designed the regional development patterns and has decided on a regional development strategy based on more scientific national spatial planning. Moreover, the layout of regional development has become more detailed. At the same time, the state has encouraged the locals to develop their own characteristics according to their own advantages. By this way the state enriches the content of the national and regional development strategies. The adjustments in the national and regional development strategies have also led to changes in intergovernmental relations.

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Food security in China in the beginning of the 21st century

Author(s): Magdalena Senderowska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

First part of the paper considers the problem of defining food security and scientists’ current attitude towards defining and measuring the level of food security. The second part presents an overview of the current food security determinants and trends in the world as well as the current situation in this field. This is the background for the third part, which tackles the problem of food security in China, including current situation, the main challenges and the means taken to ensure this security.

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Socio-economic stability, intra party democracy and the power transition in the Communist Party of China

Author(s): Dominik Mierzejewski / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article mainly aims to discuss the critical factors of power transition within the Chinese Communist Party framework since the last peaceful transition between Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao. The major objective of the paper is to show when and how the changes in leadership came about. Moreover, the issues to answer have been: how have the historical experiences such as the Tiananmen crisis, the further opening-up in 1992 or economic performance affected the political transition in Mainland China? What kind of internal determinants have played a crucial role in a venerable or peaceful succession? The major issue to discuss is how economic performance might challenge the issue of peaceful transition at the central level.

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Ukraine – EU relations: modernisation context and the present tasks

Author(s): Oleksandr Poltoratskyy / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In outlining the theoretical aspects of this topic, one should above all note the modernization phenomenon, which began to attract the attention of the world research community as early as in the 1950s–1960s, with the emergence and development of the political modernization theory. The basis of this theory was the justification of a general model of global development of human civilization. Modernization was then seen primarily as Westernization, aiming at the transition from a traditional to a modern society through scientific and technological progress, socio-structural changes, as well as transformation in state regulations and value systems. Modernization was therefore understood as the purposeful determination of a state to make qualitative changes in its society.

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Hidden parallels transformation research and European studies in dialogue

Author(s): Timm Beichelt / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Scientists often distinguish three groups of countries in the post-socialist area. The hub of the first group is Russia, the country that – as a self-contained entity – has often been a core subject of the traditional so-called ‘East European studies’. In spite of all the difficulties following the demise of the Soviet Union, the political leaders of Russia managed to maintain strong ties with a small circle of states (e.g. with Belarus or Kazakhstan). The second group is comprised of the countries of East Central Europe (that is the Baltic states, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia) which, slowly but surely, have stopped being the subject of interest of East European studies. Their membership in the EU and their political aversion to Russia has led to the situation whereby the most important coordinates of their political development are being determined in Brussels and in cooperation with the other members of the EU.

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Towards a real Common University Policy

Author(s): Gilles Guyot / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Today, we look at Europe through the prism of the last three centuries: “a tale… full sound and fury,” the story of the nations of Europe. But, Europe of peoples is a region characterized by a large variety of cultures united by individualism, the Greek reason and the Jewish-Christian heritage. If the latter has been carried by the Catholic Church, the former ones have been passed by universities which were based on Greek philosophy and Roman law. Those values have emerged during the Middle-Age, thanks to the separation of Augustinian spheres that universities have successfully completed, and later, they have developed a reasoning thinking until the coming up of experimental science in the 16th century (Copernicus, 1543; Galilei, 1623).

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Slovak Republic and global value chains

Author(s): Oľga Nosáľová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The main objective of the chapter is to determine the position of the Slovak Republic in the world economy, to compare the export and import development in the of the Slovak Republic according to the gross (traditional) measures and the relatively new approach - value added in exports and imports, using the OECD trade in value added (TiVA) database. On the basis of the decomposition of gross exports and gross imports of the Slovak Republic for the period 1995-2011 to items according to the movement of domestic and foreign value added in total exports and import and export of intermediate products and final products. The chapter identifies participation of the Slovak Republic in global value chains, by sector and branches. The observed increasing differences in the bilateral foreign trade relations of the Slovak Republic in terms of value added, compared to the traditional results, point to the fact that the Slovak Republic is increasingly becoming part of simple and complex global value chains.

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Balance of trade of the Slovak Republic according to the traditional measurement and value added

Author(s): Oľga Nosáľová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Examination of foreign trade according to the value added allows the compilation of the balance of trade according to exports of domestic value added in exports and foreign value added in imports. In this chapter, according to this approach, the development of balance of trade of the Slovak Republic is compared to the world, OECD and non-OECD countries with traditional approach according to gross indicators of export and import for the period 1995-2018.

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Structural changes of the Slovak economy

Author(s): Júlia Ďurčová,Dominika Oravcov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Due to international fragmentation of production in world economy we observe changes in international competitiveness. Intention of countries to participate in new international division of labor based on participation of country in the global value chains reveals lot of opened questions. Understanding effects of exports for domestic production as well as value added creation and employment can provide important development policy insights. Since the differences between gross exports and value added in exports are already considerable and growing, assessing the competitiveness of economies through traditional indicators based on gross export statistics is becoming increasingly less relevant. In order to examine structural and intra-industrial linkages we implement input-output analysis that is based on the use of input-output tables that provide crucial information on value added within individual segments. The results indicate that Slovak industries are strongly linking to foreign demand. Almost all value added of top Slovak exporting sectors is generated by foreign demand. This confirms the high risk of vulnerability to external shocks. The results prove that production multiplier over analysed period decreases, the most in exporting sectors. As expected, the exporting sectors generated lower product multiplication effect for Slovak economy. The sectors with dominant services share multiply more value added by unit of production compared to manufacturing exporting sectors. Moreover, the multiplier of value added for example for construction sector rises. However, the exporting sectors still lagged and their effect on domestic value added is even weakening.

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Offshoring and labor demand changes in case of the Slovak Republic

Author(s): Júlia Ďurčová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Offshoring represents one of the main characteristics of the current stage of globalization. It is often felt that whilst offshoring leads to important gains to producers and consumers, the costs appear to fall disproportionately on workers, especially those with low levels of skills. The research for OECD countries shows that the demand for skilled workers relative to unskilled workers as well as the relative wages of skilled workers have risen in OECD countries. The question is whether increased participation in GVCs is a cause of the rising demand for skilled workers or whether outsourcing and offshoring is a large enough activity to have an adverse effect on labor market. The effect of offshoring on labor demand is estimated using the system of cost share equations derived from translog cost function. The data come from World Input-Output Database (WIOD). The results for the Slovak Republic indicate that the rising participation of Slovak industry on global value chains did not lead to dramatically changes in labor structure during last 17 years. However, the disproportionate share of industrial sectors as well as capital and labor share in value added creation still remain and raise. Moreover, the results clearly reveal the differences between domestic and foreign orientated industry.

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International fragmentation of production and export-import determination in the EU member countries

Author(s): Rajmund Mirdala,Anna Ruščáková,Jozefina Semančíková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Intra-Eurozone current account imbalances represent one of the most discussed topics related to the competitiveness issues of the common currency area since its establishment. Many authors examined this phenomenon considering possible linkages to effects of common monetary policy, real exchange rates movements, variety of demand drivers (fiscal imbalances included) and capital flows. However, as a result of increasing specialization on the individual country level during past few decades that stimulated distribution of individual stages of production across countries, dynamics of exports and imports of final goods, intermediate goods as well as primary inputs was associated with generally ambiguous effect on the external balance.The paper investigates the main determinants of aggregate and disaggregated export and import demand functions on the sample of 21 the European Union member countries. Our results from estimated ARDL model based on the panel data indicate relatively high role of imports in aggregate export functions while estimated aggregate functions indicated relatively high contribution of domestic demand to the dynamics of imports. Disaggregated analysis revealed significant importance of intermediate goods in the formation of external trade balances within as well as outside European Union from both territorial and commodity aspects.

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Dual Approach to Growth Accounting in the European Union Member Countries European Countries

Author(s): Manuela Raisová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Economic theory says that economic policy instruments are used in order to achieve sustainable economic growth in the long term. Forecast of the future economic development would be prepared much easier if economic growth was constant. The reality is, however, not theory. As we can see, theworldwide growth is far from constant. As stated Romer (2012, p.6), “growth has been rising over most of modern history and average growth rate in the industrialized countries were higher in the twentieth century than in the nineteenth”. An exception to this scheme of increasing growth is slowdown in productivity growth. The globalisation of the world brought strong links between the economies of suchtrade and financial markets. Such close connection brings the acceleration of positive developments in the economy in "good times", while the same acceleration has signed an acceleration of negative developments in the economy in "bad times".

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Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Elaboration and Formation of the Company Development Strategy

Author(s): Dametken Turekulova,Lyazzat Mukhambetova,Bekarshyn Zhumanova,Gulnara LESBAYEVA,Zhanna Nurgaliyeva,Ainura Omarova,Doshan Almagul,Gaukhar Saimagambetova,Aibek IMASHEV,Galymzhan KARIMOV,Yerzhan Zhussupov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In terms of building an innovative economy, Kazakhstan enterprises face a problem, on the one hand, of a flexible, rapid response to the instability of the market environment, and on the other hand, the task of creating a long-term competitive policy for companies. One of the most effective ways to improve the management efficiency of a modern enterprise is the strategic management system.

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Business Process Reengineering as an Innovative Technology of Organization Management

At the present stage of development of society, business technologies are characterized by high dynamism, which is associated with the ever-changing market needs. Therefore, enterprises shift their emphasis from managing the use of individual resources to the organization of business processes.

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Technology of Reengineering the Business Processes of Organizations

Author(s): Turekulova Dametken,Lyazzat Mukhambetova,Bekarshyn Zhumanova,Gulnara LESBAYEVA,Zhanna Nurgaliyeva,Ainura Omarova,Doshan Almagul,Gaukhar Saimagambetova,Aibek IMASHEV,Galymzhan KARIMOV,Yerzhan Zhussupov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

It is clear that in modern conditions, the survival of companies is possible only with their adaptation and constant adaptation to the external environment. It is these strategic tasks that are solved in the design and development of a business and organization. These kinds of tasks of innovative transformation of enterprises have received the name of engineering. Engineering activities can be carried out by the companies themselves or by numerous engineering consulting firms.

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Analysis of Activities of NC Kazakhstan Temir Zholy JSC as a Formed Business System

The Republican State Enterprise ‘Kazakhstan Temir Zholy’ is a holding company with assets of more than $ 13.5 billion, which is based on ensuring the functional integrity and manageability of the railway industry in the transportation process. The company carries out such activities as performing the functions of the operator of the main railway network, transportation of passengers and goods by rail.

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Prospects for the Harmonization of the Kazakhstan Tax System in the Context of Globalization

Author(s): Baglan Aimurzina,Aldanysh Nurumov,Mazken Kamenova,Gulnara LESBAYEVA,Ainura Omarova,Karlygash Kenenova,Diana Baltabaevna Muratova,Aigul Moldabekova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The essence and fundamentals of the construction of the tax policy of foreign countries had investigated with the release of the tax mechanism in the structure of managing the development of the real sector of the economy. Priorities were identified and measures were developed to introduce an effective mechanism for tax regulation of the real sector of the economy and control at the state level in the new integration conditions. Substantiated measures to reform the tax policy to ensure the competitiveness of the real sector of the economy in modern conditions. The latest trends in the development of regional economic integration in the context of the globalization of the world economy and the assessment of their impact on the tax policy of Kazakhstan, as well as the directions and forms of its integration interaction with foreign countries had revealed.

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Problems of Reforming the Tax System in Kazakhstan and Russia

In Kazakhstan, as in most countries of the world, the tax system is viewed not only as a tool to ensure the formation of the revenue side of the budget, but also as a mechanism for macroeconomic regulation that allows stimulating the development of the economy in a given direction. At present, the domestic economy has reached a critical phase of its development: there is a need to replace the raw-material development scenario with an innovative model. As a result of the research, the analysis of forms and methods of stimulating innovation activity was made with an emphasis on financial and tax incentive tools, the possibility of introducing a new special taxation regime and certain tax incentives for innovation entities was determined, an analysis of the development of SEZ in the Republic of Kazakhstan was made and a model for forecasting the indicators of innovation development of the region and tax revenues from the subjects of innovation.

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