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4.50 €

O dorobku nauki o stosunkach międzynarodowych

Author(s): Stanisław Bieleń / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

History of the social sciences at the University of Warsaw presented in the volume includes five main fields: economics, political sciences, psychology, sociology and law. The authors of the texts - specializing in the history of their disciplines - write about the process of their development on the academic level and about the changes they have been subjected within the University. The most important research currents, as well as the most distinguished representatives of the disciplines and their achievements are also reported.

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Reprezentacja interesów polskich organizacji biznesu w Unii Europejskiej – nowe wyzwania i ograniczenia

Author(s): Urszula Kurczewska,Krzysztof Jasiecki / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents the results of the international comparative studies on the strategy of representation of business organizations in Poland and other European Union states. The author puts forward the thesis that the Polish business organizations are adapting their national lobbying strategies to the requirements of the European scene of representation of interests, but do not take full advantage of the opportunities offered by the EU institutions. Their actions are defensive and often late, and involvement in the consultation procedures is low. The Polish business organizations are undergoing a rapid process of Europeanization and adapting to the conditions of the complex political system of the EU. However, it is a difficult and costly process requiring flexibility and ability to adapt.

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Ustrojowe i prawne uwarunkowania reprezentacji interesów oraz lobbingu w Polsce

Author(s): Leszek Graniszewski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The group interests have gained a positive legitimacy in the state as a political community relatively recently. However, the state institutions should be immune to the excessive influence of interest groups if they seek additional pension. The high quality of civil society encourages implementing such a goal. The civil society organizations should not only control the governing bodies, but also participate in the policy-making through their representatives in various social organizations.

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Europeizacja grup interesu na Ukrainie

Author(s): Agnieszka K. Cianciara / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article characterizes the Europeanization process of interest groups in Ukraine in the perspective of the objectives of the European Neighbourhood Policy and Eastern Partnership. It analyses the activity of the representation of the Ukrainian business in Brussels, as well as the forms of Europeanization of the big business organizations and small and medium enterprises. This issue is presented with regard to national political and institutional conditions (the specificity of the Ukrainian party system, the oligarchic system, the state of the economy and the impact of the free trade agreement with the European Union).

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Europeizacja tureckich organizacji biznesu

Author(s): Jakub Wódka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to analyse the work of business associations with different ideological affiliations – TÜSIAD and MÜSIAD. The main thesis is that the Turkish business organizations are important agents Europeanizing / democratizing the Turkish state, at the same time they are important addressees and recipients of European socialization impulses. In the process of Turkey’s accession to the European Union, non-governmental organizations are playing an increasingly important role. The process of integration with the European Union, which accelerated in the 1990s, and participation of the Turkish entrepreneurs in the regional and transnational networks have broadened the scope of involvement of business associations and their impact on the institutions of the Turkish state.

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COMUNICAREA VIRTUALĂ: DISTANȚARE INTERPERSONALĂ ȘI ÎMBRĂȚIȘAREA ECRANULUI

Author(s): Eugenia Zaițev / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

As we know, we confront with a pandemic crisis nowadays, which it led to more social and behavior changes. The communication suffers also some modifications by human order, and at technological level. In this text I will approach the communication from cultural and online point of view, this is to emphasize the impact of technology on interpersonal dialogue. In very short time, it was imposed a new communication: efficiency and cold. Work from home (WFH) became a new reality, a new approach to each other, but only through the power of screen. The screen, this friend of contemporary people, it gathers us at various online events, it invites us at virtual discussions and even at work. However, the virtual communication forms a distance between persons, and the hug, which normally, it heals the sadness and fear, it becomes a memory or a longing.

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Phishingul în contextul pandemiei Covid-19

Author(s): Mihai-Adrian Dinu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The objective of the present paper is to conduct an analysis of ways to commit fraud in the online environment, through the phishing method, to identify the fraudulent means used to exploit the fear generated on people by the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as ways to prevent such attacks.

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Czy pandemia COVID-19 zmieni spojrzenie na rolę państwa w gospodarce w warunkach kryzysu?

Author(s): Oskar Urban / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: To answer the question of whether the COVID-19 pandemic will change the perspective on the role of the state in the economy under crisis conditions. Design/methodology/approach: A critical review of the literature on the role of the state in the economy, including its response to economic crises caused by various factors, was conducted. The achievements of various schools of economic thought were taken into account. The economic crises that occurred in the 20th century have been singled out. The most important actions taken by various states in the face of these crises are also presented. Findings: Views of the role of the state in the economy have been changing. The role of the state in the economy was viewed differently before the Great Depression of the 1930s and differently during it. There were clear disagreements about how the UK government responded to the crisis of the 1970s. Greater consensus on state interference in the economy was observed in response to the financial crisis that began in 2007. Countries with different political and economic systems reacted in a similar way to the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Originality and value: The view of the role of the state in the economy is different depending on the values of the ruling party in a given country. The view also differs depending on the political system of the country and the prevailing (most popular) economic doctrine at a given time. Nevertheless, under conditions of economic crisis, the economic policy of states is characterized by increased intervention, regardless of the economic system in force in a given country. The reactions of governments to the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic confirmed this observation.

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Third-party dispute settlement in online content moderation: a necessary compliance requirement for online platforms or a constitutional aberration?

Author(s): Tomáš Ochodek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Online platforms regulate and remove large amounts of illegal and harmful content (from content infringing IP rights to Covid-19 disinformation). Art. 18 of the proposed EU Digital Services Act Regulation (“DSA”), the most significant piece of regulation concerning online platforms, proposes a new system of “online courts” that would resolve any content-related disputes between platforms and their users. The paper discusses Art. 18 DSA (more precisely its version proposed by the European Commission, which is currently in the legislative process), the requirements it will place on dispute settlement bodies and the possible impact of these requirements on their operation and accessibility of such proceedings to users. It also briefly analyses the position of online platforms as defendants in content-related disputes and suggests changes to Art. 18 DSA that could be made to remove the identified shortcomings.

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SMEs Sustainability in Times of Crisis

Author(s): Otilia-Maria Bordeianu,Claudia-Elena Grigoras-Ichim,Lucia Moroşan-Dănila / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The global crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic among the population and at the level of companies, state institutions, etc., underlined the importance of analysing its impact at different levels (intern, national and international level). The concepts of sustainability, development and growth must be aware, adapted and implemented more and more frequently, even constantly, in order to cope with the current evolution of the economy (and not only). The paper is an empirical research conducted in the North-East Region of Romania, aiming to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on local companies (especially SME’s), in the context of existing correlation between the COVID-19 impact on resizing, restricting, changing the number of active employees, changing revenue, changing turnover and changing profit, based on the Spearman correlation coefficients. In this sense, it was important to implement sustainability strategies and ensure the activity and resources of companies in the long term, because the effects of an economic crisis (natural resources, human resources, not only financial) are felt in 2021 and will be felt in the future 10 years. The paper concludes with two practical solutions to ensure the sustainability of the companies involved in the study, solutions that can be applied by all companies that have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

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The Evaluation of Distance Learning in Tourism Education in the Pandemic Process

Author(s): Nesrin Menemenci Bahcelerli / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The most important feature that distinguishes the tourism sector from many sectors is that it has a labor-intensive structure. Therefore, the knowledge and skills of those working in this sector are important for the competitiveness of businesses. In this direction, tourism education curricula are developed on a practical basis. During the pandemic, the functioning of the tourism industry has come to a complete halt, so education has been moved to digital platforms. In this process, many application-based courses were suspended and these courses were started to be carried out on digital platforms. The aim of this study is to evaluate the views of students who receive tourism education in the pandemic process towards distance learning. The action research technique, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. Action research is a method actively used by educators who take the role of researchers to systematically and scientifically obtain information and develop applications in various fields of education. The sample of the study consists of 24 students studying tourism in the 2020-2021 academic years. The research data were collected using a semi-structured interview technique. As a result of the research, while the students expressed positive opinions about distance learning, they stated that they lacked the application aspect, which is a necessity of tourism education. In addition, with the statements put forward, it is concluded that students improve themselves by participating in seminars and trainings with distance learning methods in many different countries in the pandemic process. Among the problems experienced, students stated that there is a lack of infrastructure.

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The Dissonance Tourist Demand Prices. The Evolution of Romanian Tourist Packages to Turkey and Egypt Destination, During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author(s): Corina Mădălina Pintilei,Pavel Stanciu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The travel industry and tourism can rightly be considered the most affected branches of the global economy in the COVID-19 era, the tourism market registering the sharpest post-war decline with significant disruptions to the supply-demand ratio.An analysis of the tourist offers promoted by two of the most prolific tour operators in Romania states a strategic endurance approach based on psychological prices easily predictable, but focused on regaining a large segment of Romanian tourists who before 2020 practiced outgoing tourism . Turkey and Egypt are considered the destinations of the pandemic moment, the most appreciated in a state of continuous uncertainty, insecurity and reluctance to travel.During the years 2019-2020, the price offers of the Romanian tour operators did not register major changes, even if the outgoing tourist packages experienced, in full pandemic, conjunctural oscillations with reasonable decreases of prices followed, in some places, by price increases meant to suggest an intensification of tourist consumption with the lifting of the lockdown in various countries and the announcement of the first measures of social relaxation.The measures regarding the vaccination and the immunization of the population determined the Romanian tourists to react positively to the inner, urgent desire to travel regardless of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the temporary restrictions determined by it.

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The Anti-Crisis Management in The Process of Global Integration

Author(s): Irena Emilova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The global integration demands a theoretical understanding and characterization of anti-crisis management. On the one hand, it is associated with changes, which not only create opportunities, but also raise a number of difficulties, and on the other - with the necessity of a concept, combining different approaches.The globalization has various dimensions. It is the subject of discussion by the researchers of many scientific fields - sociology, economics, geography, politics, international relations, culture, technique and technology, history, demographics and more. The definitions of the specialist of policy and international relations are interpreted as a accelerating and improving transnational nature of the relationship between the partners and establishment an international order with help of the UN and other international organizations.The anti-crisis management is a relatively new area of scientific knowledge. In the process of globalization, changes in economic, political, social and spiritual environment, there are expanding opportunities but also pose serious constraints to its theoretical study and practical application.This paper examining with some aspects of the anti-crisis management in the process of global integration. Clarified are the main requirements for anti-crisis management as a system, as a set of mechanisms and processes, specific technologies and management styles. It discusses factors that determine the effectiveness of anti-crisis management. There is substantiating necessity of interpretation on the need for new specific features in management thinking.

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Shared Management between the European Commission and Romania on the Implementation of European Structural and Investment Funds

Author(s): Iulian Miserciu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The European Commission (EC) and Romania ensure a shared management of European funds and the principles governing the current financial framework are those of sound financial management. For each operational program, European regulations make mandatory the existence of the following authorities: the management body (MA), the certifying body (CA) and the audit institution (AA), which must operate independently of each other. Each Member State has the freedom to create its own institutional framework, if the three authorities mentioned in the European regulations are clearly defined and delineated.The present article aims to present whether the management and control system (MCS) implemented at the Romanian level is too bureaucratic if too many authorities have been created on the European Commission's cash flow. At the same time, some of the main causes will be identified, which may lead to a lack of beneficiaries' interest in accessing the funds allocated to certain programs. Some of these cases originate from the 2007-2013 programming period where Romania was sanctioned by the European Commission with many financial corrections due to systemic irregularities identified in the process of public procurement procedure, the evaluation and selection process projects. At the same time, the lack of funding due to the failure to complete some projects in time in December 2015 will be considered, as it is compulsory to ensure the necessary public and private financial resources from the own local budgets or from the state budget in order to be able to be finished.

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Digital Transformation in Romania and Bulgaria

Author(s): Krasimir Shishmаnov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Innovative approaches to and methods for designing successful business strategies have changed consumer requirements and habits. Traditional business processes have thus been adapted to a virtual environment and the process of digital transformation.Digitization is a process which can be defined as transforming business models and processes into digital ones. In most cases, they are a combination of different types of operations, such as e-commerce, Internet marketing or smart manufacturing. One of the major advantages brought by digitalisation is the improvement of workforce through the use of robots, CNC machines (digital software control), computers and mobile devices.

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A Vision Re Trans Meridian Connectivity of Eastern European Union Countries (EEUC)

Author(s): Nikola Yankov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this article we discuss the Eastern European Union Countries (EEUC) issue of the European contenentalisation/re-continentalisation process. We point out how the tracing, projecting and realizing of Trans continental meridian transportation corridors and axes could facilitate the development of peripheric and marginalized regions.The article is presenting a view (vision) regarding the Trans meridian transport connectivity of Eastern European Union countries and in particular – Bulgaria and Romania. It states that concrete transport corridors axes, sub axes and corridors are an important tool for integrated and joint development (economic, social, ecologic) of some less developed regions in the mentioned countries.The article also pointed out that it is needed Transportation grid innovation that make the regional development to happen. They affect the Balkan Peninsula Transport Grid vision with parallel and meridian axes and corridors.

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The Leading Woman in the Knowledge-Based Economy

Author(s): Diana Elena Zaharia (Ştefănescu),Bogdan Ștefănescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This scientific approach takes into account the analysis of the leadership type, present in the Romanian cultural institutions in terms of identifying the opinion and attitude of the members of the organizations towards the management, as well as the level of their involvement in the accomplishment of the management act, considering that these are important elements that ensure the achievement of the organization's objectives. The research methods used are the following: Observation and analysis of documents and quantitative analysis based on questionnaires.Research Question: Is women accepted as a leader in the contemporary knowledge-based economy?Research hypothesis: Does the gender of the leader influence the organizational performance of cultural institutions in Romania?Purpose of the research: To make a comparison between leadership styles related to gender differences.

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MEDIA EDUCATION AND INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROCESS OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING

Author(s): Yevheniia Protsko / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Today millions worldwide are Internet subscribers. It is easy to have the Internet connection everywhere: in different educational and social settings, coffee shops, public transport, shops, classrooms etc. This article attempts to investigate the usage of the Internet and Internet technologies in the process of teaching English as a foreign language, as at present to go with the times it is impossible for a teacher to neglect the interests and requirements of his students. We admit several problems with the traditional system of education: you need to pay thousands of dollars perterm to attend a prestigious school or University. But today you not always need to leave you home for studying - online learning has to be the greatest revolution in contemporary education.

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Koncepcje opodatkowania zysku w sektorze cyfrowym

Author(s): Szymon Mamajek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The purpose of the chapter is to present and compare the proposed, as well as so far implemented digital tax models in selected countries, with particular emphasis on Poland. To the extent necessary, the issue of economic value creation using digital interfaces and the digital business models based on them will be discussed, which will be necessary for further consideration of the tax challenges associated with the digital economy. Design/methodology/approach: The goal was accomplished by analysing the literature on the subject, researching legislation or drafts there of, and other sources, including reports, policy papers, and Internet sources. The study examined, among other things, the European Commission’s draft directives, as well as Austrian, Spanish, Polish and Turkish legislation on the taxation of digital services. Findings: Digital taxes in the countries that were the focus of this chapter show numerous commonalities with the DST model developed by the European Commission. In those tax jurisdictions, the biggest changes can be observed in terms of the object of taxation, which was restricted for Austria, Spain and Poland and expanded for Turkey. Significant differences are also observed in the definitions of the taxpayer with threshold values for local income, as well as tax rates. Of the analysed digital tax models, the Spanish ISDS had the most in common with the DST model and the Polish VOD tax had the least. As far as the Polish proposal for a full DST model is concerned, some doubts about the legal quality of this solution have been raised in the literature.

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Potencjalne implikacje podatku od transakcji finansowych dla rynku i inwestorów na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie

Author(s): Przemysław Gerschmann,Anna Siwiec,Wojciech Świder / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The main aim of the chapter was to present the idea and the current state of work on the financial transaction tax (FTT) at the national and EU level. Moreover, in the empirical part, it was decided to estimate the burden of this tax on investors on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in order to assess the legitimacy of introducing FTT from the point of view of the domestic capital market. Design/methodology/approach: The research method used in this chapter is the review of the literature and legal acts concerning the financial transaction tax (FTT). In the empirical part, the tax burden on investors on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) was estimated. Additionally, based on data collected from the WSE and the tax rate proposed in the 2015 Polish FTT project,a simulation of the state budget revenues from this tax was carried out. Findings: The amount of the state budget revenues from the financial transaction tax on the Warsaw Stock Exchange estimated in the chapter is between PLN 416.1 and 654.4 million. The estimates were made taking into account the stock exchange turnover in 2015–2020 and assuming the tax burden only on individual investors trading instruments on their own behalf. The introduction of the tax with the rate proposed in the 2015 FTT project was assessed negatively, taking into account the further development of the Polish capital market and the competitiveness of GPW S.A. compared to other European exchanges. In the event of a possible implementation of the FTT in the future, it is the amount of the tax rate that is important. FTT should be introduced with a lower rate than the proposed one, and bearing in mind the time—tax should be proposed in the period of high volume and low volatility on the WSE. There after, the tax rate could be increased if turnover and volatility were not distorted.

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