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Text rhythmic system: Its energetic and subliminal potentials

Author(s): Alla Kalyta / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The article introduces scientific considerations concerning the energetic nature and origin of rhythm subliminal potential in a spoken text as well as the mechanisms of its impact on the recipient. The paper advances the idea that rhythm energetic and its subliminal potential is based on such postulates: (1) rhythm is generated in the speaker’s psyche at the levels of his/her unconscious (or existential being) and subconscious (or mental and transcendental beings) spheres; (2) the text rhythmic system has a definite emotional and pragmatic potentials that realize a latent manipulative and subliminal influence; (3) generation of the spoken text tempo-rhythm is carried out by means of integrating micro-rhythms of all levels of the speaker’s inner speech into the internal macro-rhythm, which is materialized in the form of an outer tempo-rhythm as a complex means of achieving a subliminal effect of speech. The article also outlines the prospects of studying a subliminal nature of rhythm.

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Towarzystwo Kultury Języka – w pięćdziesiątą rocznicę założenia

Author(s): Józef Porayski-Pomsta / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2017

This paper describes the history as well as goals and objectives of Towarzystwo Kultury Języka (Society for Language Culture), a scientific association established by Prof. Witold Doroszewski in 1966. The author presents the main directions pursued by the Society, its organisational structure and selected achievements over fifty years of its activity.

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Typy manipulacji językowych stosowanych w spamie

Author(s): Alina Naruszewicz-Duchlińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2017

The aim of this paper is to present the types of manipulation used by spammers. Polish studies of linguistics have not made attempts at categorising this group of electronic mail to date and therefore this paper presents a new element of linguistic research on specific aspects of online communication. The knowledge of the presented typology could help separate the useful correspondence from malicious messages. Nine spam categories were distinguished: information about a bargain, alleged formalities to be completed, pretended continuation of a contact, fake job offers, fictitious personal advertisements, “private” messages, alarming messages, anticipation of suspicions, promises of financial profit. The source of the material was 150 e-mails, which were examined with the use of the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the contents of the messages.

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Kryteria oceny zapożyczeń w XIX wieku (na marginesie książeczki Józefa Blizińskiego Barbaryzmy i dziwolągi językowe)

Author(s): Magdalena Hawrysz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2017

This sketch falls into the area of research on the language awareness of the past centuries and is a contribution to the history of prescriptivism. It is dedicated to borrowings and their evaluation in the period of the partitions, when language became the basic support for the national identification. The object of the analysis is a small book titled Barbaryzmy i dziwolągi językowe (Barbarisms and linguistic oddities). The aim of this study is to identify the evaluation criteria for borrowings which are manifest in metalinguistic comments. The analysis of the guide permitted the identification of 8 evaluation criteria of such language elements. These are the categories of nationality, adequacy, system, economy, usage, cultural as well as literary and writer authority, function, tradition. The criterion of aesthetics is revealed only in the stylistic layer and should be considered the same as nationality. The guide argues that, although in relation to foreign-language linguistic innovations the determinant was the prospect of national bondage, other indicators were equally, or at times more, important. It could be said that the criterion which is called nationality today had an ambiguous status even in the period of the partitions.

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Agnieszka Sieradzka-Mruk, „Radość i nadzieja. Smutek i trwoga” w drodze krzyżowej. Wybrane aspekty ewolucji dyskursu religijnego w XX wieku na przykładzie leksyki dotyczącej uczuć, Kraków 2016

Author(s): Ewa Woźniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2017

The review of: Agnieszka Sieradzka-Mruk, „Radość i nadzieja. Smutek i trwoga” w drodze krzyżowej. Wybrane aspekty ewolucji dyskursu religijnego w XX wieku na przykładzie leksyki dotyczącej uczuć, Wydział Polonistyki UJ, Kraków 2016, ss. 258

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Политическата коректност – отговор на табуизацията и детабуизацията на медийната реч

Author(s): Andreana Eftimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

This article is devoted to sociocultural taboo in public communication and media discourse as part of public communication. In science literature there is distinction between notion taboo and word taboo. Word taboos can be orthophemism, euphemism or dysphemism and this fact is important in such sociocultural phenomenon explanation. In some media these taboos are broken and this process is called de-taboo speech in media. In this article there is presented results from an experiment for social attitudes verification trough offensive or political (in)correct nominations.

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Evdeki Şiir: Antropo-Kozmik Bir Mekânın Çelişkileri

Author(s): Aydın Afacan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 88/2016

In this article, the book ‘Home Time’ by one of contemporary Turkish poets, Abdulkadir Budak, through the contained poem ‘Home, Pain’ on focus is examined. Although the review is partly based on disciplines as anthropology, psychology, mythology, yet any of these has been selected as the dominant method. In this examination in terms of the theme by the help of these disciplines, the nature of art has been meticulously considered. Because the work of art has a nature that cannot be limited to the particular inspection methods of definite disciplines. The book subject to examination in this article is written in a style that encompasses a certain theme by the poet. As a living space home impacts on the poet are manifested in different aspects in each poem in the book. Yet the clearly emerging situation is the instability and uneasiness of the poet as an individual against home. This vacillating state and the poet’s state against the house are accompanied by intense contradictions. Home as the family’s living space, has created difficulties for the individual poet expressed by almost tragic tone. The subjects are the house centred everyday life on one hand, the problems created by that very life and a space resourcing and shaping the everyday life on the other hand. Although the narrative style is prevailing on poems in general, the poems have features exceeding the narration with the arrangement in a flow accompanied by patches of implication and irony, elaboration of fine details and association level.

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Türk Atasözlerinde Çatişma Nedenleri

Author(s): Nihal Mamatoğlu,Rasim Özgür Dönmez,Seçil Keskin,Burcu Dönmez Albayrak / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 86/2016

The main objective of this study is to analyze the causes of conflicts in Turkish culture through Turkish proverbs. In this regard classic proverb study has been done in this study. At the end of the study, it was first reached the conclusion that conflict in Turkish culture is perceived as a natural process. Such that; conflict is considered necessary for creative thinking production and problem solving. Once again, in Turkish culture it was seen the situations that create problems are believed clearly obvious. It was found the dominant perception that when precautions are not taken, especially small and unimportant conflicts will lead to bigger problems. 7 general causes of conflicts have been found in Turkish proverbs. They can be named as social sensitivity issues, distributional justice, interpersonal relationships, personality, communication, reactions to previous conflicts and power balance. Each causes of conflict heading have been discussed in the light of literature. First of all, in Turkish culture, it was found that inattention to social sensibility about religious, moral, family values was perceived as basic reason of conflicts. Also, injustice in sharing resources is another reason that causes conflicts. On the other hand, interpersonal relations are emerging as general title among conflict reasons; plenty of situations like negligence in relationships, power imbalances, end of common interests are discussed under this heading. Furthermore, it was underlined that personality traits like disbelief, aggression, intenseness; opposite personality traits of each other or similar personality traits of each other in the negative meaning in relation are especially seen as reason of conflict. In addition, people’s mode of communication, the language used and third parties misleads are refers to another conflict reason major title as communication. It has been found that the cultural properties of Turkish proverbs about conflicts consistent with the characteristics of being power distant and collective culture like the results of Turkey’s national culture studies. In this study it has been also focused on the causes of conflicts in relation to advice given by the Turkish proverbs. Finally, in some cases the criticism have been carried out as causes of conflicts in the Turkish proverbs.

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За семантичния обем и конотацията на една лексема в българския език (Ядем ли малки негърчета)

Author(s): Nadezhda Mihailova-Stalyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The paper deals with a juridical case provoked by the name of a popular brownie – „black coloured boy“. The study offers the linguistic point of view concerning semantics, connotation and context of the name of the brownie.

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Berluskonijev identitet u italijanskoj štampi

Author(s): Marija Koprivica Lelićanin / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 27/2013

In this paper we analysed the differences in representation and creation of Berlusconi’s identity in the two Italian largest circulation weekly magazines. As a representative time period we chose the year 2011 because of important social and political changes in Italy. The corpus consists of 233 editorials from magazines L’Espresso and Panorama (totalling 152 817 words). The study is based on the theoretical framework of van Dijk on ideology and society and on categories of ideological discourse analysis (van Dijk 2005). Some categories of ideological discourse analysis are: actor description (meaning), authority, burden, categorization, comparison, consensus, counterfactuals, disclaimer, euphemism, evidentiality, example, generalization, hyperbole, irony, lexicalization, methaphor, national self-glorification, number game, polarization, negative other presentation, norm expression, us-the, categorization, populism, positive selfpresentation, vagueness, victimization (van Dijk 2005). The method includes the principles of corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis. In this broad theoretical and methodological framework we developed the procedure that requires classification of linguistic material in clusters according to key characteristics of Berlusconi’s profile. In the end, we compared the matrix in two newspapers. The results confirmed the majority of van Dijk’s strategies and emphasized the contrasts of linguistic material in sub-corpuses.

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Terminology and social-economic globalization

Author(s): Ágota Fóris / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2007

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effects of economic and social globalization on linguistic globalization, and the types of implied problems and tasks for terminology. world languages and small languages differ markedly in the reasons universal and special causes of terminological difficulties appear related to languages and new domains. In my study, I examine these effects and illustrate the phenomenon with examples.

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Status ustrojowy władzy wykonawczej w Belgii

Author(s): Elżbieta Kużelewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

Belgium is a founding member of the European Union (EU). It is a trilingual federation, consisting of four different entities constituted on the basis of language. The linguistic groups within the Belgian population have had a long history of conflict. For many years, tensions between the French and Dutch speaking areas have been ameliorated through the principle of “territoriality.” The application of this principle resulted in the division of the country into three areas: the Flemish Region (the Dutchspeaking region in the north), the Walloon Region (the French-speaking region in the south) and the Brussels-Capital Region (officially bilingual but predominantly francophone). In each of those areas, only one language has official status, and the speakers of other national languages residing there have no linguistic rights. The principle of territoriality has resolved some tensions between the linguistic groups by guaranteeing linguistic rights within geographic boundaries, yet it has not fully resolved them. The Belgian experience in dealing with a multicultural and multi-linguistic polity will clearly provide valuable insights for other national groups wrestling with the ever-increasing heterogeneity among their linguistic populations. More important in the short term, however, is the ongoing struggle for dominance between French and Dutch speakers within Belgium. The specificity of the Belgian federal system is also reflected in the executive power.

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Govorni čin žalbe u direktivnoj funkciji u političkom diskursu

Author(s): Suzana Marković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2017

The paper deals with the ways of realization of speech act of complaining in the political discourse, more precisely, in the three presidential debates between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. The examples of complaint are analyzed from the syntactic aspect. Apart from expressing their complaint with the opponent in a rather explicit way, the politicians tend to use certain strategies to emphasize their dissatisfaction, such as intensification of certain parts of sentence, or several sentences in a row, use of passive voice, interrogative sentences, attention getters etc. The final aim of complaining in the political discourse is to discredit the political opponent and to ensure a bigger number of voters for him/her. The goal of this paper is to point to how certain speech acts, such as the act of complaining which is transferred from purely expressive to a more directive type, can obtain different features when realized in a particular contextual setting, such as presidential debate.

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Terminology and language policy (towards establishing rudiments of linguopolitology)

Author(s): Sergiusz Griniewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2010

Straipsnyje nagrinėjami besiformuojančios plačios mokslo srities, kurią siūloma vadinti lingvopolitologija, terminologiniai aspektai. Bandoma atskleisti ir trumpai panagrinėti naujojo mokslo sandarą ir pagrindinių jos sričių turinį. Pažymima, kad šiuo metu nėra pagrindo kalbėti apie įsisąmonintą ir planingą požiūrį į kalbų plėtros klausimus, nors būtinybė atsižvelgti į terminologinius kalbos politikos aspektus yra akivaizdi. Pasitaiko atvejų, kai nacionalinė kalbos politika būna nepakankamai apgalvota. Vis dėlto sukaupta terminologinių tyrimų ir praktinio terminologijos darbo patirtis leidžia formuluoti tam tikrus principus ir konkrečius būdus, kuriais būtų galima skatinti kalbos plėtrą ir kuriuos būtų galima įgyvendinti tvarkant ir plėtojant specialiąją kalbos leksiką.

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Семантические преобразования концепта ‘святой’ в русском языке

Author(s): Helena Kolosova,Alexandra Matskevich / Language(s): Russian Issue: 13/2016

The article is devoted to the research of the key concept of the Russian language culture ‘святой’. The relevance of the work is predetermined by the growing interest to the formation strategy of values and moral norms in the modern world as well as the culture maintenance in general. The detailed research of the lexical semantic field of the concept allowed making conclusions about transformations of the semantic meaning of the concept in the history of the Russian language: gradual extinction of desacralized meanings was mentioned. Appealing journalistic discourse gave an opportunity to determine the frequency secular and sacred meanings of the concept are being used in the modern Russian language. It has been concluded that proportion of the secular and sacred meanings of the concept “святой”is directly connected to the cultural epoch.

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Günay Karaağaç: Türkçenîn Dünya Dillerine Etkisi, V. Lefke Edebiyat Buluşması (29-30 Nisan 2004)

Author(s): Mehmet Dursun Erdem / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 10/2006

Review of: Günay Karaağaç "Türkçenîn Dünya Dillerine Etkisi, V. Lefke Edebiyat Buluşması" (29-30 Nisan 2004), by: Mehmet Dursun Erdem

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Джендър в български пословици

Author(s): Elena Uzeneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2005

В анализираните над 5000 български пословици се откриват културните стереотипи и представи за мъжа и жената и домини- ращите тенденции и оценки във връзка със пола, фиксираните в езика. Поголямата част от пословиците принадлежи към мета- джендърното равнище, полово-социалният фактор няма водещо значение, но в изследвания материал са отчетливо изразени андроцентричност, т.е. отражението на мъжката перспектива, и женския поглед към света.

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Prikazi

Author(s): Rašid Durić,Tarik Ćušić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 11/2014

Rašid Durić - Tomislav Ladan – enciklopedist i umjetnik riječi, O plemenitoj slitini leksikologije i umjetnosti izraza u monografiji Riječi, Etimologija i uporaba, Novela Media, Zagreb, 2009; Tarik Ćušić - Kriteriji podjele bosanskohercegovačkih govora na dijalekte;

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Mobile Assisted Language Learning

Author(s): Jasmina Radin / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2017

Mobile assisted language learning (MALL) facilitates situated, authentic, context-aware, contingent and personalized learning. These and more advantages supported by teaching methodology theories are explained and related to suggestions for practical uses of MALL among different age groups (young learners, teenagers and students, and digital immigrants). Criteria for selection of appropriate mobile technologies are also suggested.

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A miks sa torusse ei räägi? Miks-küsilausetega tehtavad suhtlustegevused argitelefonivestlustes

Author(s): Kirsi Laanesoo / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 13/2017

This paper analyses interrogatives formed with the why pronoun in Estonian everyday telephone conversations. Why-interrogatives are regularly defined as questions asking for reasons for or accounts of actions. This paper, however, demonstrates that only a small fraction of why-interrogatives are actually used for questioning. The data come from the Corpus of Spoken Estonian of the University of Tartu. Altogether 41 why-interrogatives were analysed using the approach of interactional linguistics. The primary social actions conducted by why-interrogatives are the following: question, reproach, command, suggestion, complaint and challenge.The study reveals that why-interrogatives are multifunctional, used to carry out several social actions concurrently. The question form makes it possible for the recipients to interpret why-interrogatives as questions (by giving a neutral answer) or as some socially dispreferred actions, such as reproaches, challenges etc (by justifying themselves). Why-interrogatives demonstrate the speaker’s negative stance towards a preceding action.

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