Sociolingvistinis tarminių kodų taisyklingumo tyrimas

Author(s): Daiva Aliūkaitė,Erika Merkytė-Švarcienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 82/2009

The concept of grammatical well-formedness is concerned with standard language. Dialects are spontaneous systems, they show the development of a language and usage peculiarities. Any dialect might adopt elements from foreign systems; however, they do not become ungrammatical. It can thus be claimed that the criterion of grammatical well-formedness is in principle unsuitable for dialects. However, the experience of researchers from other countries has shown that evaluating dialectal codes in terms of grammatical well-formedness in the framework of perceptive dialectology is usual practice.The present investigation focuses on the grammatical well-formedness of dialectal codes. Considering the data of perceptive research, the paper aims at defining the well-formedness of dialectal codes from the user’s/receiver’s (evaluator’s) point of view rather than the researcher’s. The concluding remarks on the wellformedness of dialectal codes are based on a research conducted in October-December of 2008 in the districts of Kaunas and Šakiai and focusing on the perception and evaluation of dialectal speech by secondary schoolstudents in their 9-12 year at school (aged 14-18). The research materials covered a corpus of 6 textstimuliand a questionnaire; both were prepared in accordance with the requirements of perceptive dialectology.To conclude, young respondents adhere to a certain prototype of a well-formed expression. For them, well-formedness is primarily concerned with standard language. However, in this context a natural question could arise: is well-formedness related with the school students’ actual experience or confined to the knowledge received at school that language is a well-formed system and that it serves (or can serve) as a reference to evaluate another expression? Since dialects are usually discussed in the framework of general requirements applicable to standard language, they are usually treated as ungrammatical rather than grammatical.A major factor determining the well-formedness of a dialectal code is its affinity to standard language: the more similar the dialectal code is to standard language, the more grammatical it is. Young respondents consider the well-formedness as a major factor of communicative success: if the text is difficult to understand, it is also more or less ungrammatical.Differing evaluation of the dialectal codes of Highlanders (aukštaičių) and Lowlanders (žemaičių) provides basis for further research that dialectal codes of Highlanders are treated as more grammatical than Lowlanders.

Stereotipurile lingvistice din textele administrative ale instituţiilor Uniunii Europene de la Bruxelles

Author(s): Maria-Magdalena JIANU / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2016

Emerged after the political and economic centralization of states within the EU, Brussels language is a variant of the old language used in the communist period, developed in the administrative field, but non persuasive and not manipulated, but direct and corrective to the national policies. Brussels language corresponds to a supranational transmitter and to a national - institutional receptor, constituting a formula of vertical communication, expressed generally by linguistic stereotypes. The analysis of the texts from the present study shows that in the current state of the Romanian language, the notion of language Brussels is only a conjectural label of the language without being subject to the rules of language in order to fit.

El maniquí: iconografía y código en el lenguaje escultórico del siglo XXI

Author(s): Pablo García Calvente / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 1/2016

The mannequin show window has evolved meteorically in a short period of time, renouncing to be a human replica to become a real “artistic creation”: an abstract entity, which consciously or unconsciously, contains almost enigmatic elements that configure it as a contemporary art piece that continually evolves in its conception, thus becoming one of the most developed sculptural elements since its creation until the last decades. Similarly, the mannequin is part of a wider reflection on modernity and the human condition, and maintains its enigmatic power on the already demonstrated ability to embody a fiction on the border of the imagined and the real. The most prominent artists of the twentieth century to today have recycling the mannequin, rebuilt and used it on stage, being elected to witness the dynamism and anxieties of modern ever changing world.

Elemente de sintaxă a frazei în limba română vorbită din Ucraina

Author(s): Felicia Vrânceanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2016

The paper considers one of the controversial issues of grammar Romanian: syntactic discontinuity. This has gone quite recently the attention of researchers by offering a series of solutions to the problems generated by each specific syntax structures characteristic of oral variant of Romanian. They analyzed a series of texts that reflect the specific Romanian language spoken in Ukraine.

Comunităţile discursive şi reţelele generice ale multiversităţii

Author(s): Alina Nacu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2016

This paper aims to establish the main discursive communities and genre networks from within the multiversity. After analyzing the academic environment of the university from the perspective of the discursive communities theory proposed by Swales, we consider that the University is a macro-discursive community (MCD) divided into two smaller discursive communities, a scientific one and an administrative one. Since we consider that a genre network corresponds to each discursive community, we have identified within the MCD a scientific network, an administrative network and a public network, the latter being necessary for both discursive communities and their communication with the public. If the scientific network and its genres are repeatedly analyzed, those of the administrative network are neglected, although the importance of these genres for the multiversity is crucial.

Határtalanítás a magyar nyelvészetben

Author(s): István Csernicskó ,Miklós Kontra / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2018

Although millions of Hungarians had been living as minorities in Hungary’s neighboring countries since 1920, it was only after the collapse of communism in 1990 that Hungarian linguists on both sides of the state borders began to seriously study the contact varieties of the language and their similarities to and differences from Hungary-Hungarian. The first large-scale research project was conducted in 1995‒97 in Hungary and in all the neighboring countries (see https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265453574_The_Sociolinguistics_of_Hungarian_Outside_Hungary).To date, five volumes of the book series The Hungarian Language in the Carpathian Basin at the End of the 20th Century have been published. The fierce debate between purist Hungarian language cultivators and sociolinguists has resulted in the general recognition of Hungarian as a pluricentric language. Since 2001, electronic corpora and a few print dictionaries have been created “to bridge the gaps” (Hungarian: határtalanítás) between Hungary-Hungarian, Slovakia-Hungarian, Ukraine-Hungarian, Romania-Hungarian etc.

Polish Literature for Children as Support of Children’s Creativity and Polishness

Author(s): Elżbieta Osewska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Poland has a long history, but unfortunately, this history is also full of battles for inde-pendence, to keep the Polish language and culture, and a struggle for Christian values. What was supporting these processes? According to many experts Polish literature has been one important factor. In this article, the role of Polish literature for children, espe-cially poetry, in supporting their creativity and Polishness will be analysed. Subsequently the article will outline the history of Polish literature for children, the importance of pa-triotic and religious literature, especially during the Partition and Soviet time and the nature of children’s literature.

The Socio-Cultural Values of Hungarian V Forms of Address

Author(s): Ágnes Domonkosi / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

The goal of this paper is to present and interpret the sociocultural value of Hungarian V pronouns and related devices on the basis of speakers’ metapragmatic evaluations. In addition to the binary division between T and V forms, V is further differentiated in Hungarian: there is a choice of pronoun (maga (V1) vs. ön (V2) – each co-occurring with 3rd person possessives and verbs), as well as a choice of these vs. zero pronoun (with 3rd person) (V3) vs. the structure involving tetszik (V4). Each of these variants has its characteristic sphere of use, social deictic role and stylistic value. Metapragmatic reflections suggest that according to informants, V forms are also well-suited to signalling degree of formality; the speaker’s evaluative attitude to her addressee, including respect; super- or subordinate status; degree of social proximity; processes of involvement with the increase or decrease of emotional distance; gender, age and social status of interlocutors.

THE ENACTMENT OF LEADER IDENTITY IN ORAL NARRATIVES OF PERSONAL EXPERIENCE IN THE YOUTH ORGANIZATION AIESEC

Author(s): Plamena VALCHEVA / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2017

Through using narratives as data and sociolinguistic narrative analysis and positioningtheory as analytical tools, the paper shows the discursive resources through which the enactment ofleadership and leader identity is achieved in narratives-in-interaction. The analysis centres on anarrative of personal AIESEC experience excerpted from a corpus of naturally-occurring oral storiesgenerated during video-based fieldwork at an international AIESEC conference in 2016 with the aimof teasing out leader identity within the context of narrative practice. To achieve this, sociolinguisticnarrative analysis (Labov & Waletsky 1967) has been coupled with positioning analysis (Bamberg1997) at the backdrop of the discursive approaches to leadership affiliating with a socialconstructionist stance on (leader) identity and emphasizing the primacy of discourse as a medium foridentity construction (Fairhurst 2007). These lines of investigation zoom in on the aspects of leaderidentity negotiated by AIESEC members in the narrative performance and indicate that leaderidentity is crafted through acts of identity at three interrelated levels: the narrative world, thenarrative interaction, and the wider sociocultural context, i.e. master narratives.

(Non)translating Catch-Phrases. A Topical Approach to Julian Barnes’ 'Metroland'

Author(s): Liana Muthu / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2010

A partir de la prémisse que le langage de chaque individu est unique étant donné qu’il n’y a pas deux individus qui aient la même expérience du langage – celui-ci étant influencé en principal par l’espace géographique et le milieu social – notre approche se focalise sur le « franglais » utilisé par Julian Barnes dans son roman Metroland, publié en 1980. Ses parents étaient professeurs de français et l’écrivain britannique a été fortement influencé par la culture de ce pays. Ecrit en anglais, le roman est parsemé soit d’expressions d’auteurs français emblématiques (par exemple Voltaire, Baudelaire, Rimbaud, Mallarmé), soit de mots et expressi ons spécifiques pour le vocabulaire de la cuisine française (croque). Notre étude analyse la manière dont ces mots et expressions représentatifs – transposés par Julian Barnes dans un espace et une époque historique autres – reçoivent des sens connotatifs dans le roman Metroland. La conclusion motive la décision de l’auteur de ne pas traduire certains mots et expressions en anglais – bien que cela soit possible – et de préférer plutôt leur utilisation en français, leur langue-source.

Intonacja polskich wystąpień publicznych – od konferencji prasowej do mównicy sejmowej

Author(s): Jagoda Bloch / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2013

Vocal signals are very important in making the desired impression. They are the main determinants of the first impression, which influences interpersonal relations. In most public appearances broadcast in the media, the speaker has an immense influence on the interest of the receiver and maintaining his attention. The article concerns the ways of delivering public appearances by politicians, civil servants and spokespersons. Speakers were chosen so that in each dominates a different prosodic element easily distinguished by receivers. Among the most common are: frequent use of pause, excessive use of stress, not ending the sentence with a full stop, flat intonation, inadequate emotional tone of voice. This one dominating feature in the speaker’s message influenced the poverty of melodic line. There was no effort to differentiate the way of presenting speeches, residing only on the most easily accessible feature. The analyzed examples are the most common media-present ways of speaking by public figures. They are an exemplification of reflections on the voice interpretation of a text: what elements of the spoken word can serve the purpose of the speaker, so that they make the desired impression on the audience.

Retoryczna strategia sporu a fotograficzne gatunki dziennikarskie – przykłady realizacji

Author(s): Ewa Modrzejewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2013

The author presents part of the cross-disciplinary analysis of news media coverage on Polish politics, linked through its use of the rhetorical dispute strategy. Journalists turn to this category of dispute to describe politics and to report on it. The dispute strategy is implemented by both verbal and non-verbal communication elements (e.g. images). The author examines images and captions used to illustrate press reporting on events from the Polish political scene, published in three broadsheet newspapers: “Gazeta Wyborcza”, “Rzeczpospolita”, and “Dziennik. Polska, Europa. Świat” (from 2005–2009). The author analyses the chosen examples while referring to the theory of journalistic genres, and the semiotic and discursive perspectives.

Noise in Oral Communication

Author(s): Ştefan Vlăduţescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2019

The present study primarily aims at delimitating the elements of noise as a perceptual object and of the phenomenon whereby noise masks speech. Secondly, it aims at drafting a taxonomy of the noises and an inventory of the effects of noise on the verbal flow. We use a complex meta-analytic, observational and comparative method. The influence of the noise on the understanding of reality is illustrated with elements from I. L. Caragiale’s comedy “Conu Leonida față cu reacțiunea”.

Un caso di contaminazione linguistica: i forestierismi nei dibattiti elettorali

Author(s): Anamaria Gebaila / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2019

A decisive moment in the construction of the candidates’ ethos (Reyes 2015:59), the televised political debate also represents an opportunity for the politicians to show their competence in foreign languages. Nevertheless, the foreign words, most of them having an English origin in nowadays discourse, are sometimes an infraction to the lexical norm of the language which has an autochthonous correspondent. This study aims to a qualitative description in the perspective of the relevance theory (Sperber/Wilson 1986) for the occurrences of foreign words in electoral debates in France, Italy and Romania between 2007 and 2017. The qualitative perspective underlines the pragmatic values o fthe foreign words and integrates them in the context of the Political Discourse Analysis (van Dijk 1997) by finding the various uses and by acknowledging the linguistic preferences of certain politicians. In a contrastive perspective, there is a general tendency of the electoral discourse to using English words in Italy, as opposed to the conservative linguistic tendencies in France.

“CUTENESS” (KAWAII) AS MYTH IN JAPANESE ADVERTISING DISCOURSE

Author(s): Oana Maria Bîrlea / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Cuteness (Kawaii) as Myth in Japanese Advertising Discourse. In the present article we intend to explore the values of “cute” as social and cultural artefact depicted in Japanese print advertisements. Like any other discourse, advertising has as a starting point that corresponds to the form, which, in relation to a certain historical framework, will give birth to the myth. For example, the “consumer” of myths found in advertising is not captivated by the signs per se, but by the ideas they invoke. Based on this statement, we expose the concept of “cute” (kawaii) as myth of Japanese daily life, serving as (perhaps) the most efficient tool for preserving group harmony (wa) and for persuading the receiver. By focusing on the implications and historical roots of the concept in Japanese society, this paper aims to reveal the “hidden meaning” behind the ubiquitous “cute”. The analyzed corpus consists of three non-commercial print adverts created between 2016-2017 for Keio Corporation and Tokyo Metro, two major Japanese transportation operators. The idea of ‘cuteness’ is perceived by the Japanese as a “time capsule” for it can postpone adulthood responsibilities and prolong childhood innocence. In the context of globalization, kawaii has become a totem which continues the centuries-old myth (in the traditional sense) of uniqueness of the Japanese.

A funkcióigés szerkezetek megítélése a nyelvhelyesség és a nyelvi helyénvalóság szempontjából

Author(s): István Lanstyák / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2020

The paper analyses the Hungarian language cultivators’ arguments against the use (even existence!) of light verb constructions, shedding light on the underlying language ideologies such as language purism, redundantism, systemism, brevism, moralism, extrudism, simplicism, percerptionism, aformalism, naturism, verbism, expressivism, homogenism, plebeianism, autonomism, Platonism. In the concluding section of the paper, the author reframes the cultivators’ arguments into a linguistic adequacy framework, thus demonstrating their potential usefulness.

Nie zarazić się złym językiem

Author(s): Michał Rusinek,Katarzyna Kłosińska,Michał Jędrzejek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 778/2020

Ethnicity and Ethnic Grouping in Jhumpa Lahiri’s Interpreter of Maladies (1999)

Author(s): Cristina Chifane / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

This article investigates the impact of ethnic affiliation and groupingon Bengali immigrants to USA as reflected by the characters’ development inJhumpa Lahiri’s short stories collection Interpreter of Maladies (1999). Thecomparative analysis will primarily tackle the cultural values and practicesensuring the distinctiveness of the ethnic group and the alternative means bywhich different representatives of the group struggle to cope with theirmarginal position and their sense of alienation and displacement. The mostimportant question to be answered is if their ethnicity turns into either aninsurmountable obstacle in their development or an indestructible bond whichmakes them stronger and guarantees their survival and triumph.

Medžuslovjanský sleng i procesy jego pojavjenja

Author(s): Anton Vladimirovich Saprykin / Language(s): Slavic (Other) Issue: 1/2020

This article is an analysis of the reasons for the appearance of slang in the lan-guages of the world, a list of modern slangs of the Interslavic language of the Discord channel, as well as a list of examples of the use of slang, some invented for the article, some of the examples used are taken from oral speech. / Tutój članok jest analizojų povodov pojavjenja slengov v językah světa, spisom dnešnjíh slengov medžuslovjanskógo języka v Diskord kanalu, a takože spisom priměrov koristanja slengov, něktoré priměry koristanja sųt napisanými za članok, a něktoré sųt stenografijejų ustnógo govora.

Czy potrzebna jest obrona kultury słowa?

Author(s): Bogdan Walczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2014