ZU DEN BEIDEN LEHNWÖRTERN UNGARISCHER HERKUNFT: „MUƏSƏR“ UND „KATNƏR“

Author(s): Sigrid Haldenwang / Language(s): German Issue: 63/2020

Both loan words of Hungarian origin „Muǝsǝr“ and „Katnǝr“ are mentioned in culture historical documents of interest, excerpted from Transylvanian documentary sources from the 17th and 18th centuries. These significant vernacular documents of the Transylvanian-Saxon language show both the concrete and the figurative meanings of the analyzed loan words. Additionally, prepositional constructions relating to military service are covered in detail. Finally, both loan words are documented to be determiners in hybrid formations for naming flowers, as well as adjectives used to determine flowers more closely. The selected vernacular records are taken from the Transylvanian-Saxon Dictionary Archive and from Transylvanian-Saxon vernacular literature as well.

Kétnyelvűség, nyelvi tájkép a szlovákiai Komárom városában

Author(s): Szabolcs Simon / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2020

The ethnic composition, and consequently, the language use and the linguistic landscape of the population of Komárno in Slovakia is continuously changing. The aim of the research which our paper is based on is to create a “map” of bilingualism in Komárno. Two autochthonous nationalities live in the city, which has a Hungarian majority. The research is rooted in a fieldwork using the method of questionnaire survey, and examines socio-linguistical, sociological and socio-psychological variables. An important viewpoint of the research is the to define the nationality/ and first language of the informants, since the aim of the project is to assess the orientation and attitudes of informants towards bilingualism, and to clarify their attitude towards bilingualism, national self-determination and the assimilative tendencies of the population of the city.

A nyelvi jogok az oktatásban és a közigazgatásban a Karta Szakértői Bizottságának jelentései tükrében

Author(s): István Csernicskó ,Enikő Tóth-Orosz / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2021

This study examines the commitments made by the four neighbouring countries of Hungary with the largest Hungarian minority communities (Romania, Slovakia, Serbia and Ukraine) during the ratification of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in terms of Hungarian-language use in education, public administration and public services. It analyses on the basis of the latest reports of an independent international body, the Committee of Experts of the Council of Europe (issued between 2017 and 2019) how these states are fulfilling their commitments in practice. The analysis highlights that the four countries involved in the study do not fully meet their international commitments undertaken by the ratification of the Charter in the spirit of European integration in these two essential areas from the point of view of the language retention of their Hungarian minorities. In particular, the examined states lag behind in the practical application of the undertaken commitments in the field of the Hungarian language use in public administration. The analysis also shows that, of the four countries, Ukraine has met its commitments to the least extent.

Nyelvi attitűdök vizsgálata két szociolingvisztikai módszerrel

Author(s): Orsolya Kusala / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2021

In my paper, I present the results of the empirical research I conducted between October and December 2018. The research focused on the relationship of young Hungarian high school and university students in Slovakia to the Slovak language. In my study I outline the basic features of Slovak–Hungarian relations, then I describe the nature of the sociolinguistic research method called matched-guise technique, and finally I summarize the results of the questionnaire and agent-method surveys.

KAWAII (CUTE) SIGNS AND SYMBOLS AS MEANS OF MAINTAINING HARMONY IN JAPANESE SOCIETY

Author(s): Oana Maria Bîrlea / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Kawaii (Cute) Signs and Symbols as a Means of Maintaining Harmony in Japanese Society. This study focuses on the various facets of the Japanese concept of kawaii (“cute”, “adorable”), as resulting from print advertisements. In the last decade it has been intensively studied by different scholars from various research fields aiming to understand the Japanese worldview. The analysis of pop culture elements, of which kawaii is part of, was not an area of interest due to the fact that they were considered inferior to high culture (classical arts and traditions), but the influence of this concept on culture and language, as well as on the way the Japanese communicate and relate is significant. Starting from the idea that the viewer is (often) persuaded through culture-specific signs and symbols, we intend to present the role of kawaii (“cute”, “adorable”) verbal and visual signs in maintaining group harmony (wa), one of Japan’s core values. Hofstede’s (2001, 2003, 2010) cultural dimensions theory was used to identify some of the dominant values in the Japanese society which determine people’s expectations and behavior and signs and symbols used in adverts were analyzed from a cultural semiotics perspective. In order to explain the popularity of cute characters and “sweet talk” (oseji) in advertisements, we conducted a content analysis based on a corpus of over 200 Japanese print advertisements, covering both commercial and social (public interest) advertising, out of which we have selected four to discuss in this paper.

GJUHA STANDARDE, LETRARE DHE ZYRTARE, KUR DHE SI?

Author(s): Dervish Alimi / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 13-14/2020

FJALORI I HUAJ TEK ADOLESHENTËT E PRISHTINËS (NDIKIMI I GLOBALIZMIT)

Author(s): Edona Jahiu / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 13-14/2020

Në këtë studim do të merremi me zotërimin e fjalorit të huaj tek adoleshentët, në formësimin e të cilit vazhdon të ketë ndikim mbivlerësimi i gjuhës universale, anglishtes. Përballja me këtë gjuhë është rezultat i depërtimit global, që në vend të zgjerimit të dijeve, folësi/ja i fut huazimet, duke i eliminuar, zëvendësuar apo minimizuar fjalët shqipe. Trysnia e gjuhës angleze është aq e fuqishme, qoftë në teknologji e rrjete sociale, sa adoleshentët arrijnë ta kuptojnë në shkallë të kënaqshme njëri-tjetrin pa bërë kurs të veçantë. Kjo ndodh, për shkak se të rinjtë janë ata që ndjekin trendin botëror, i cili mundëson shkëmbimin e fjalëve kulturore. Priremi ta vëmë theksin tek adoleshentët, të cilët në këtë fazë, arrijnë nivel të përparuar të të shprehurit, meqë krijojnë repertorët gjuhësorë shoqërorë. Janë incizuar 68 biseda spontane në ambiente joformale, të cilat përbëjnë korpusin e punimit. Fillimisht, do të japim sqarime teorike për globalizmin, sociolektet, më pas do t’i shohim konkretisht fjalët e huaja, të cilat janë nxjerrë nga bisedat mes të rinjve. Kontaktet e vazhdueshme, nami kulturor, si motiv shtesë, e kanë bërë anglishten lingua franca. Zhvillimi i leksikut na lidh me psikolinguistikën, derisa ndikimi i tyre është social, që na shtron nevojën për qasje sociolinguistike. Kemi vënë re se huazimet, përpos në gjuhën akademike, kanë hyrë dendurisht në fjalorin e përditshëm, si rrjedhojë e internetit dhe bashkëpunimit kulturor e ekonomik mes shteteve. Kjo mundësohet nga aspekti kreativ i gjuhës, që u jep mundësi folësve të eksplorojnë me gjuhë, të realizojnë kombinime gjuhësore. Kemi ndikim të faktorëve psiko-socialë dhe edukativë.

ANTHROPONYMS IN SOCIAL LIGHT

Author(s): Valdet Hysenaj / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 13-14/2020

The attempt to illuminate personal names from a socioonomastic point of view undoubtedly marks the first attempt of this nature in the field of research and inquiry, because until now the social aspect of anthroponymy has not had any object of study or treatment of this issue. Through naming in socio-onomastic terms it is required to investigate and find out what is really in a name, the reasons why it is such in certain social circumstances and conditions, purpose, causes, advantages, etc., at the same time investigate cultural knowledge, etymology, history, and why not the linguistic characteristics announced in the names, as well as explaining the meaning of names in all forms and socioonomastic and theoretical discussions of views and concepts. Their content is diverse as: anthroponyms of Catholic and Muslim faiths, anthroponyms according to physical properties, animal world, plant world, anthroponyms. according to the configuration, different anthroponyms, hypocoristics, names of tribes, brothers, herbs and houses, etc. For well-known reasons, most of the personal names in our country are dominated by names of foreign origin: Greek, Roman, Slavic, Oriental (Arabic - Turkish - Persian), Hebrew, Italian, French, German, German, Spanish, Russian and most recently (with an unprecedented momentum and with an extremely dangerous denationalizing force) even Anglo-American.

ЕТНОСОЦИОЛОГИЈАТА И ЛИНГВИСТИЧКИТЕ ПРОУЧУВАЊА

Author(s): Mihajlo Marovik,Sonja Novotni / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 13-14/2020

In the paper that is the subject of our processing, we have paid attention to linguistics and linguistic studies, ethnological and ethnographic studies, as well as sociological and sociolinguistic studies. The divisions that are characteristic of each science separately are covered, as well as the common elements that unite them in one science, and that is ethnosocial linguistics.

Estudio de los extranjerismos en el habla de Granada según el corpus PRESEEA

Author(s): Luis Pablo Núñez / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 28/2018

This study analyzes foreign words in the corpus of spoken Spanish of Granada (PRESEEA Granada). This corpus is based on the interviews conducted between the years 2004- 2009. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of occurrence of foreign words in spontaneous conversation is established according to age, sex and educational level. The analysis shows the frequent employment of anglicisms among speakers as a result of the cultural influence of English language.

Actos truncados estratégicos. Análisis sociolingüístico. Variación en su producción

Author(s): Francisca Pose Furest / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 28/2018

Intentional syntactic truncation is a phenomenon characteristic of oral language which, despite being widespread, has not been sufficiently documented in bibliography. Materials collected for the PRESEEA-Granada corpus (within the PRESEEA macroproject) have been used to carry out this research. Our aim is to prove that strategic truncated acts are related to sociolinguistics factors. In previous research we categorised this phenomenon from the functional and formal point of view. Our purpose now is to determine whether certain social factors can influence the rate of occurrence of this phenomenon. To do this, we have related this type of truncation to stratification variables, such as age, sex and education. We have deemed convenient to add the variables style, proximity vs. distance and the same vs. different generation – the last two in reference to the interviewer –. This research has then been characterized as sociopragmatic. Statistical analysis of the data have shown that the rate of occurrence of strategic truncated acts differs according to the applied social factors. This fact proves that this is a sociolinguistic phenomenon. Most significant results produced by this research are presented below. Both a quantitative and a qualitative methodology have been applied.

Aproximación a la clasificación de metáforas en corpus orales

Author(s): Lorena Martín García / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 28/2018

The main purpose of this study is to create a new classification of living cognitive metaphors, based on the studies carried out by Lakoff ’s and Johnson (1980) and also those by Iñesta Mena and Pamies Bertrán (2002). Unlike these researchers, we do not elaborate an aprioristic classification, but we depart from the examples that belong to an oral corpus: the corpus PRESEEA from Granada (Moya Corral 2007, 2008, 2009). The model we use to create our classification is fundamentally based on Iñesta and Pamies’ taxonomy (2002). From there, we thought it was necessary to propose a new classification in which we can distinguish between living metaphors and phraseologized metaphors. We also need to establish the most productive objectives depending on how informants use them, which happens to be one of the deficiencies we find in the Iñesta and Pamies’ model. The objectives we introduce are related to TIME, MIND, LOVE, HEALTH and OBJECT. Moreover, in this classification we do not introduce phraseology. Nevertheless, Iñesta and Pamies mix both kinds of data because the limits between the two are not really clear. The use of phraseologized units is much higher in comparison to the use of metaphors –5.434 phraseologized units against 994 metaphors. On the other hand, to verify if sociolinguistic factors have any influence on the use of metaphors we would need to amplify the sample in a future study and we would need to carry out the study with the entire corpus from Granada. It would also be interesting to compare this sample with an oral American corpus to come to definitive conclusions.

La reformulación discursiva en el español de Granada: el caso de o sea

Author(s): Natalia Ruiz-González / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 28/2018

The reformulation is a discursive phenomenon that consists of returning to a part of the speech to qualify it, explain it, correct it or summarize it because the speaker has interpreted that it had not been clear enough. The most common procedure is to manifest it through the use of discourse markers, being “o sea” the prototypical reformulator in the oral speech. Its analysis in the Spanish of Granada has shown the relationship of its use with social factors such as age and educational level, as well as the connection between sex and age of speakers. As a result, we have discovered that low-level education speakers are the people who use this particle the least (18.77 %). However, contrary to the works by San Martín (2014) and Hernández (2016), we found that the younger generation uses less “o sea” than other speakers. In addition, we demonstrated the existence of other four functions of “o sea,” different from the explicative value, and among them we highlight the expletive function, which appeared at levels much lower than we initially expected (6.16 %).

Mu(n)cho y sus variantes en el corpus PRESEEA Granada

Author(s): Rocío Cruz Ortiz / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 28/2018

This paper aims to determine the rendition of the epenthetic n in the term muncho and its morphematic variants in the Spanish of the city of Granada (Spain) through the informants of the Corpus PRESEEA Granada. Our purpose is to study the sociolinguistic dimension of the appearance of muncho as opposed to the normative and prestigious form mucho. The insertion of a stuck n at the end of the syllable is a quite old phenomenon in Spanish and although the form muncho is currently considered vulgar and in disuse, it has a representative percentage of occurrences in our results in the city of Granada. The social variables that have been significant in the election of one form or another have been several: the level of education, age, sex and the grammatical category of the term studied.

Estudio sociolingüístico de la pronunciación de /-ɾ/ en el español de Granada

Author(s): Elena Fernández de Molina Ortés / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 28/2018

In this paper we present the study of alveolar rhotic variation in coda and final position in the Spanish of Granada. This Andalusian city is located in a convergent linguistic area in which, in recent decades, the linguistic model of the septentrional Spanish is becoming increasingly important. The aim of this paper is to verify if there are innovative or conservative tendencies among its speakers. For this reason, we study linguistics and extralinguistics factors which may influence the variation of / ɾ/.

Acercamiento sociolingüístico a las realizaciones de /-l/ en el español hablado en la ciudad de Granada

Author(s): María López Moreno / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 28/2018

The phoneme /-l/ in an implosive position shows different variations of pronunciation all over the pan-Hispanic community, mainly in southern Spanish varieties, among which we find Andalusian. However, there is no available research analysing this phenomenon throughout the geography of Andalusia. Facing this situation, we propose the study on different productions of the phoneme /-l/ in spoken Spanish in the city of Granada (Spain) from a sociolinguistic point of view, aiming to get to know the /-l/ variations which are pronounced in this city and, what factors -both social and linguistic- can determine the pronunciation of those variations. After an analysis based upon data included in PRESEEA (Project for the Sociolinguistic Study Spanish in Spain and Latin-America) corpus, we find out that the causes which have a significant influence on different /-l/ are the subsequent phonic context and the syllable stress (linguistic factors), as well as the speaker’s age and academic level (social factors). We also come to the conclusion that the [-ɾ] seems to be the most stigmatized variant.

Artistic Modelling of History in the Literature and Non-Fiction of a Post-Totalitarian Society

Author(s): Yuliia Laskava,Volodymyr Bondarenko,Olena Shulga,Mykola Stasyk,Olga Stadnichenko / Language(s): English Issue: 1Sup1/2021

An artistic interpretation of historical facts is quite relevant in the literature and non-fiction of a post-totalitarian society. Prose works on historical themes are valuable and interesting in that they create an illusion for readers to be present in a certain period of historical time, and it is the artistic modeling of events that makes priceless facts of history completely disappear. The historical past is an inexhaustible material that word artists have been referring to for centuries, creating the best examples of fiction. Prose texts of historical subjects are perceived by each next generation in a new way, historical events and phenomena are interpreted from different angles, the activities of famous figures of the past are widely covered. Non-fiction literature is a kind of literature that is on the verge of artistry and documentary. The main non-fiction genres are a diary, autobiography, biography, memoirs, confession, letters, etc. On the one hand, non-fiction literature claims to recognize the author’s subjective truth about him in her texts; on the other hand, only the reader can either, demonstrating full confidence in the author, call this text documentary, or admit the presence of poetry and aesthetics in the work and tilt the scales in the direction of artistry. The material for observation and research of the phenomenon of artistic modeling are works that allow us to trace the most common, in our opinion, models of correlation of historical and artistic consciousness in postmodern literature and non-fiction of a post-totalitarian society.

Larysa Masenko, “Surzhyk: Mizh movoju i jazykom”. Vydavnychyĭ dim “Kiievo-Mohylians'ka Akademiia”, Kyiv 2019, ss. 232

Author(s): Pavlo Levchuk / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2020

The reviewed monography is the first vast paper on the phenomenon of the Ukrainian–Russian linguistic contacts. The second edition is extended to include new scientific publications and completed with the respondents answers. The study as a whole depicts the etymology of the name of the phenomenon (Surzhyk), tries to place the phenomenon in the theory of linguistic contacts and gives examples of the use in the respondents answers, literature and the Internet.

Il tormentone, ovvero “il ritorno dell’identico”

Author(s): Angelo Sollano / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2020

"Tormentone”, an extreme torture, is a typically Italian word describing a catchphrase, a running gag, an earworm, a summer hit or anything related with reiteration accentuated by the various media: advertisement jingles, journalists’ abusive metaphors, viral content on the internet. In this paper we attempt to understand if the audience is aware of this occurrence and willingly accepts being “tortured”, applying some theories about television and seriality proposed by Umberto Eco.

Die Erforschung der Banater deutschen Mundarten im Lichte des Aufsatzes „Der fränkische Dialekt“ von Friedrich Engels

Author(s): Johann Wolf / Language(s): German Issue: 03/1960

The Study of the Banat German Dialects in the Light of Friedrich Engels' Essay "Der fränkische Dialekt".