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Représentations linguistiques des langues vivantes étrangères et de leur apprentissage. Résultats du passage du questionnaire de pré-enquête

Author(s): Mihaela-Gabriela Ene / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2017

Our contribution focuses on the study of linguistic representations of Romanian high school students. Our study group comprised 29 Romanian high school students in the final year of studies at “Mihai Eminescu” National College in Bucharest, 24 girls and 5 boys. We offered them a questionnaire in the sociolinguistic pre-survey stage and this article focuses on the interpretation of the results. First of all we will talk about the tradition of French-Romanian relations in time and Romanian education system, in order to shed light on the sources of representation of France and French language, which will allow us to interpret the questionnaires administered to the Romanian students.

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POUR L’ANALYSE DE L’AUDIOVISUEL: CONTRAINTES LINGUISTIQUES ET SÉMIOTIQUES

Author(s): Lamiae Slaoui,Bouchra Berrada / Language(s): French Issue: XVI/2024

Our article mainly deals with the constraints relating to the specificities of audiovisual discourse. Admittedly, this one presents itself under a double aspect: the text and the image which lead to a plural interpretation of the whole making the reading more difficult. Our example of audiovisual discourse submitted for analysis is the fable « Le lion et le rat ». Among the studied linguistic elements, we can mention the lexicon and the prosody at the level of the text, and the space and the iconographic codes at the level of the image, aiming to finally arrive at the point of view adopted by the analysis, that of the complementarity of the two signs.

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The collective and individual expressions of humour in social media spaces: insights from the socio-political context of Jordan after the 2011 Arab Spring

Author(s): Yousef Barahmeh / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This article seeks to establish a theoretical framework for considering how the collective and individual expressions of humour in social media spaces have been used and presented in the socio-political context of Jordan after the 2011 Arab Spring. This framework moves from the collective to the individual and makes Mikhail Bakhtin and Sigmund Freud complementary to the study of Jordanian social media humour after the Arab Spring. It argues that Mikhail Bakhtin’s theories of carnival and the carnivalesque (folk humour) have a functional similarity to Sigmund Freud’s theory of humour (release theory) because both seem to agree on the role of repression to influence the production of humour. Although repression is being understood differently (for Bakhtin it is political repression, which is usually a conscious decision, while for Freud it is self-repression, which is usually unconscious), humour can provide us with a strong mechanism for overcoming repression, or at least, giving the individual or the crowd the impression that they are challenging repression without necessarily challenging the status quo i.e., calling for regime change or revolution

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Humorous elements in virtual onymic creations

Author(s): Magdalena Kawęcka / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Informal use of anthroponymy is an integral part of the lexical resource of every language. The subject of this article is issues related to media onomastics (the review concerns terminology in internet forums). The aim of the article is the material exemplification of proper names, emphasising their formal features and ways of functioning on a specific communication plane.The task is to show certain tendencies and motivations in the field of creating virtual proper names in terms of their humorous value. In accordance with the adopted research perspective and the purpose of this article, when explaining the process of creating media onyms, reference was made to the mechanisms of name-forming derivation and the theory of humour, in particular the theory of incongruity. The specific communication channel creates new opportunities for language users and is an interesting research field for onomasts because, with the development of computer technology, the terminology began to go beyond the traditionally accepted standards

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THE STUDENT'S OPINION - DEMOCRACY IN THE PRESS

Author(s): Valentina Andreea Popovici / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 37/2024

Reading the political articles in the current press, we find that the journalistic style has undergone strong changes, mostly after the year 2000. The Romanian press of the last two decades contains articles in which there is an interference of styles, but also from a thematic point of view one can notice the intermingling of the news with the subjuctive interpretation pushed to the extreme with the pertinent or less pertinent opinion of the journalist who cannot refrain himself from metaphors as rich in nuances as possible when presenting either political or social events.

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THE RATIONALITY OF ADVERTISING. AN ANALYSIS OF RATIONAL, EMOTIONAL, INTEGRATIVE AND MECHANISTIC ADVERTISING

Author(s): Dan-Laurențiu Cardaș-Răduța / Language(s): English Issue: 37/2024

Given that several opinions have emerged in the literature over time according to which advertising addresses the irrational side of the public, this study aims to demonstrate that there is rationality even in types of advertising that at first glance do not target the consumers' rationality: emotional, mechanistic and integrative advertising. The study also aims to identify what types of rationality exist in these types of advertising, with reference to the Weberian theory of rationality, from which it focuses on instrumental rationality and value rationality. The main results of the research show that beyond the emotional impact that advertising has, the public is looking for rational objectives to purchase a product. These objectives are linked to the audience's values and its need to adapt to the demands of society. The study also shows that all types of advertising can be rationalised, as audiences do not automatically react to 'irrational' messages but decide on the basis of reasoning. Advertisers know this game of rationality and irrationality and use it frequently.

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Морфологический способ терминообразования в области нефтегазовой промышленности

Author(s): Mohamed Rachid Miloud / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2022

The paper is devoted to the study of the morphological method of word formation in the terminology of the oil and gas industry. The main traditional ways of term formation (suffixation, prefix and word composition) are analyzed in this study and the parts of speech used in the word-formation act of Russian terms in the oil and gas industry are examined. On the basis of conducted research, it can be argued that the terms of the oil and gas industry are formed according to the rules of word formation of commonly used vocabulary.

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Styl – dyskurs – komunikacja urzędowa w badaniach diachronicznych (na przykładzie górnośląskich ksiąg kancelaryjnych z XVI–XVIII wieku)

Author(s): Mirosława Siuciak / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXXII/2023

The aim of this article is to show a new perspective in diachronic research on communication in the legal and official sphere. Until now, research has focused on the style of texts related to this field of communication, but any analysis has been selective. The introduction of the category of discourse into historical linguistics allows for a more comprehensive view of the source material through the prism of the communication rituals in force at a given period and the principles of constructing texts with specific pragmatic aims and stylistic properties. The subject of the analysis is the records in the official town registers of the early 17th century concerning real estate purchase and sale transactions. Taking into account the continuity of the officialese discourse, the author shows how texts documenting property changes were formulated at that time and proves that certain structural and stylistic elements continue in the contract genre today. A broader study of the history of the discourse would make it possible to show the formation of new genre forms from pre-existing officialese expressions set in particular time, in a different legal system and communication patterns.

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Zpráva o činnosti Kruhu přátel českého jazyka v akademickém roce 2023/2024

Author(s): Robert Dittmann,Josef Bartoň,Ondřej Koupil,Petr Nejedlý,Vladimír Petkevič,Lucie Saicová Římalová,Irena Vaňková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2024

The Circle of Friends of the Czech Language held various events during the academic year 2023-2024, featuring lectures on diverse linguistic topics. Highlights included Tomáš Mikulka's presentation on newly identified Old Church Slavonic homilies, Jaromír Slomek's virtual tour of Prague related to Karel Havlíček and Božena Němcová, and Aleš Klégr's introduction to the Lexical-Semantic Database of Czech. Other notable talks covered innovations in Old Czech biblical translations, the influence of Romani on Czech, and the history of Czech sign language. The group also commemorated significant linguists and explored the intersection of language and politics in the context of Bohuslav Havránek's career. The academic year concluded with discussions on early Czech punctuation and the linguistic situation of the Jewish minority in 19th-century Bohemia.

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1902 TARİHLİ KİRİL HARFLİ KIRIM TATARCA BİR SÖZLÜKTEKİ SÖZ VARLIĞI

Author(s): Bülent Hünerli / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 23/2024

The Crimean Tatars, who have important commonalities with the Turkish region in terms of literary tradition, actually have an old tradition of lexicography and very valuable Crimean Tatar dictionaries have been published in the process. These dictionaries are mostly general in nature and also include glossaries of terms. Codex Kumanicus is accepted by Crimean Tatars as the first Crimean Tatar dictionary and work. Written in the 13-14th centuries, this work is one of the indispensable sources of Turkological studies. In the following years, valuable Crimean-Tatar dictionaries were prepared. Towards the end of the 19th century, another work titled Short RussianTatar Dictionary (Crimean dialect) was published. This dictionary was written especially for Russian tourists visiting Crimea and locals who did not know Crimean Tatar well. In the introduction of the work, various information about the dictionary is given: Approximately 2/3 of the words in the dictionary are composed of words used in spoken language. Apart from the dictionary, the main grammatical rules and phrases and sentences in Crimean Tatar are also included. In this dictionary Crimean Tatar words are written in Cyrillic alphabet. At a time when the Arabic alphabet was used among the Crimean Tatars, the publication of such a work in Cyrillic is very remarkable. However, the Cyrillic alphabet of Crimean Tatar words has made it difficult to express some sounds in Crimean Tatar language. In the end, the dictionary is a "guide dictionary". In our study, we will introduce this dictionary and examine it in terms of vocabulary.

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Метафорические модели в сфере информационных технологий

Author(s): Diyana Nikolova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2019

The article deals with the nuclear term of computer terminology computer, which is an anthropomorphic metaphor created on Eglish-American soil. Metaphorical transfer is one of the main methods of nomination and reflects the connection between cultural processes and language changes. The universal nature of this way of forming new concepts in the IT sphere and demonstration of its functioning as a mechanism of cognition, interaction of languages, consciousness and national-cultural specificity is reflected in conceptual metaphors computer-machine, computer-man, computer-mirror world.

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К вопросу о национально-культурном аспекте русской языковой личности

Author(s): Olga Senatorova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2017

This article is devoted to the national and cultural aspects of the Russian linguistic personality phenomenon. The article is based on the material of the scientific research. The purpose is to identify the specific perception of the world by Russian linguistic personality and to analise phenomena, forming the lingvo-cultural field of Russian language (on the material of Vladimir region linguistic culture).

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Refusal and politeness strategies favoured among Iraqi and Malaysian learners in marriage proposals

Author(s): Tabarek Ali Qassim,Nawal Fadhel Abbas,Hooi Chee Mei / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The study targets exploring the similarities and differences between Iraqi and Malaysian learners of English in refusing marriage proposals. Also, it examines the favored politeness strategies that learners use to protect their interlocutors’ face, heeding both their social distance and status. Data were gathered by a Discourse Completion Task (DCT) which contained six marriage situations. Responses were analyzed based on Beebe et al.’s (1990) refusal taxonomy and Scollon et al.’s (2012) politeness system. The findings indicated that both the Iraqi and Malaysian learners preferred the indirect refusal strategies in marriage proposals, as well as the hierarchical politeness in the form of independence strategies regardless of the social status and distance between interlocutors. However, they differed in the sort of indirect strategies most frequently utilized. The Iraqi learners favored reason, regret, and non-performative statements, whilst the Malaysian learners preferred regret, non-performative statements, and reason.

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A genre-based approach in esp classes to teaching clinical communication focusing on breaking bad news to patients

Author(s): Veronika Dvořáčková / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Healthcare professionals have the responsibility to regularly convey difficult information such as unfavourable diagnoses, as well as adverse treatment outcomes. While this task can be uncomfortable, successfully carrying it out plays a crucial role in determining patient outcomes (Sweeney et al. 2011: 230). This necessity has led to the creation of evidence-based protocols such as SPIKES developed by Baile et al. (2000). The goal of the paper is to explore the suitability of the genre-based approach for the study and teaching of medical English, focusing on the integration of the selected clinical communication tool into the ESP classroom. As this study stems from the ESP practitioner’s experience and its outcomes will directly influence her future ESP classroom teaching, action research has been conducted. The feasibility of using an authentic clinical tool in an ESP lesson was assessed through a two-step methodology: i) devising an ESP task based on the SPIKES protocol, emphasizing linguistic elements, and ii) obtaining student feedback focusing on the perceived usefulness of the tool. Overall, the collected data indicate that students acknowledged the significance of effective clinical communication for successful therapeutic practice. However, given the fact that medical English is inconveniently scheduled in a pre-clinical phase of their curriculum, they also exhibited a certain level of hesitancy, unsurprisingly, when it came to readiness in handling serious communication scenarios.

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Предпочитания към конкуриращи се темпорални форми в подчинени изречения в съвременния български език. Анализ на данни от анкетно допитване

Author(s): Krasimira Aleksova,Danka Apostolova,Yana Sivilova,Laska Laskova,Mihaela Moskova,Diana Androva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2024

This study presents and discusses the results of a non-representative survey conducted with 3166 Вulgarian native speakers, investigating respondents’ preferences for competing temporal forms of verbs in different types of subordinate clauses, when the context expresses temporal features that the verb in the subordinate clause should carry. The hypothesis tested includes the expectation that both when choosing from suggested competing verb forms in the subordinate clause and in independently creating forms, respondents would prefer a less marked verb form, replacing the marked one due to syntagmatic (contextual) neutralization of one or more temporal oppositions. However, when choosing from suggested competing forms, it is possible, though not predominantly, for some respondents to opt for a more marked verb form.

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Опозицията свое – чуждо в говора на българите католици от Белене в лексикални примери

Author(s): Magdalena Abadzhieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2024

The article examines two lexemes from the speech of the Bulgarian Catholics of Belene, originating from rites and dances of the Orthodox population in the city, by which are named unacceptable actions. The examples are interesting for how confessional difference manifests itself through language, transforming neutral vocabulary into emotional-expressive with a negative or disapproving tone. By means of the word бръзъùцъ, related to the observance „Brazaya“, a mocking and contemptuous attitude towards a woman with a funny, ugly or scary face is expressed. The second example under consideration, èръйшалдъ, derives from a dance characteristic of the Orthodox population of Belene, and is used in a negative sense for a person who expresses his joyous emotions unrestrained or who is rebellious and stubborn.

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INTERCULTURAL HUMOR: A BRIDGE OR A GAP BETWEEN CIVILIZATIONS?

Author(s): Andrei-Lucian Marian / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 38/2024

This paper explores the complexity of intercultural humor, highlighting the challenges and opportunities it presents in an increasingly globalized world. Although humor is often considered a universal language, its ability to transcend cultural boundaries is limited by linguistic, social, and cultural differences. The study examines barriers that sometimes impede the understanding and appreciation of humor across different cultures, such as wordplay, cultural references, stereotypes, and the interpretation of various life situations. Additionally, concrete examples of intercultural humor are presented, including international adaptations of comedy series, slapstick humor, and the use of ethnic stereotypes, which demonstrate both commonalities and fundamental differences between cultures. Despite some barriers, intercultural humor can serve as a bridge between people, offering new perspectives and a deeper understanding of cultural diversity. The ability to navigate the complexities of intercultural humor is essential for effective communication and for building harmonious relationships between the world's diverse cultures.

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A GENERAL CONVERSATION ON CONLANGS

Author(s): Ștefan Ghiran / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2024

Constructed languages seem to be what J.R.R. Tolkien names “A Secret Vice” of humanity and have been with us in one form of another for a long time. At the hight of the 19th century the fascination was with finding a universal language, but today they seem to be more prominent due to the media promoting them and at the same time they go unnoticed. Many language creators applied their craft to enrich fictional worlds, their own or otherwise, and in doing so managed to transform this “vice” into an artform where the prefix “art” in “artlang” stands for artistic, no longer for artificial. This article aims to present the history of artificial languages, some of the characteristics that might make such a language successful and attempts to follow the shift from understanding and using language creation as a tool in its previous stages to the artform it is today by combining elements of general linguistics with examples from various crafted languages.

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ISSUES RELATED TO ADAPTATION OF NORMS ON PROPER SPEECH STYLES: THE CASE OF CHURCH DISCOURSES

Author(s): Evalda Paci / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2023

There is a substantially increased attention in recent decades to the most specific speech forms, which does directly include language and usages in texts and collections from close fields of culture and book writing; moreover, certain changes do simultaneously affect the restoration of relevant practices that many years ago were more common in our country. A rich tradition has appeared in early periods by authors who collected models related to contemporary developments, reforms in the field of reading, ecclesial and lithurgical culture followed centuries later by other developments, which were and remain utterly positive, both in their momentum and orientation.

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LANGUAGE ECONOMY: ABBREVIATIONS AND EMOJI IN SOCIAL MEDIA

Author(s): Andrijana Kjose,Mira Bekar / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The pervasive influence of abbreviations and emoji in social media communication is a subject of contemporary analysis, revealing insights into their multifaceted roles and implications. Abbreviations not only foster brevity and readability but also serve as linguistic markers, signaling group membership and reinforcing social identities (Thurlow and Brown 2003). Emoji enrich textual content by imbuing it with affective nuances and contextual cues, facilitating cross-cultural communication and engendering empathy in online interactions (Derks et al. 2008). Individuals navigate an interplay between linguistic and visual cues, utilizing contextual clues to infer meanings. For this qualitative study, a cohort of 15 participants, both English and Macedonian speakers, engaging in a total of 150 conversations across prominent social media platforms and 10 posts with comments on Reddit, formed a corpus for analysis. . Textual data, were collected from diverse platforms including Viber, Reddit, Instagram, Telegram, Facebook Messenger, and WhatsApp. The findings show that 1) participants use abbreviations and emoji for the purpose of language economy and the aforementioned enrich language; 2) expressing emotional states on social media is made easier with abbreviations and emoji. We hope this research will encourage other scholars from various discipline to address this topic from different angles.

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