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Language and Identity consists of essays entitled ”Language and Identity”, ”Ours and Alien in Language”, ”Protecting Minority Languages and Applied Linguistics”, ”An outline of a Professional Autobiography”, ”An Experiment in writing a Linguistic Memoir”, ”A few more Slang and Amalgamated Expressions”, and ”Selected Bibliography of Sociolinguistics for 2009 – 2010”.
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“The work is novel, original and pioneering not only in terms of its narrowly understood subject matter (a study of languages and identities in the Lubusz region) but likewise in wider terms as a sincere, aeideological look at so-called new mixed dialects in so-called Western and Northern Territories” (Professor Bogdan Walczak). “In her studies on language contact in the borderlands, Anna Zielińska has developed her own original methodology, combining elements of sociolinguistics, dialectology and cultural studies. In the monograph she present a comprehensive description of ways of communication actually at play in multilingual territories with diverse immigrant populations and a multifaceted hierarchy of languages and their varieties. Approach of this kind has hitherto not been applied to the Lubusz region, with existing studies usually attempting to model an ideal state of integrated Polish” (Professor Ewa Wolnicz-Pawłowska). “Anna Zielińska’s book deconstructs the stereotypes which have accrued in Poland about the so-called Recovered Territories due to the political and ideological conditions of the last half century. This study, brilliantly underpinned in terms of material and theory, is a pioneering combination of classic sociolinguistic approach with an anthropological perspective which inspires deliberations about the nationalistic mechanisms in Polish scholarly discourse concerning this area” (Professor Anna Engelking).
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Based on the results on extensive fieldwork - comprising both interviews and archival research - Helena Krasowska presents an in-depth portrayal of the Polish community in the south-east of Ukraine, touching on the group's legal status, linguistic situation and identity.
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The book contains a Foreword and 12 chapters based on studies published between 2009 and 2016. Their common denominator is the question of language problems from various aspects, the most important being the linguistic, the language ideological, the interventional and the general problem-managing aspect.The chapters are organized into four main topics. The first has the title Language Management and is an introduction into the world of language problems. It provides theoretical foundations for the question of language problems and language ideologies utilizing the Theory of Language Management. The second topic is entitled Types of Language Problems and is devoted to the language problems themselves. The main aim of their categorization is to enable the separation of the specific features of individual language problems from the features common to a whole group of language problems. This should enable both to get to know these problems better and to find the best ways of managing them. The third topic has the title The Ways of Managing Language Problems. It analyses the ways of dealing with various types of language problems including problems of proper names and problems concerning language standardization. The fourth topic is entitled Language Problems of the Hungarian Speech Community in Slovakia. It gives an overview of the most important language problems daily faced by the Hungarian minority community in Slovakia.
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The book on linguistics contains sixteen studies. The writings presenting the results of predominantly empirical research can be related to four research topics. The first theme is language policy, the content of which provides lessons not only for linguists, but also for those dealing with legal regulations of multilingual societies in general, including the majority–minority linguistic coexistence in Slovakia, and the contexts of taking advantage of the existing language rights. A further part of the studies deals with linguistic topics that attest to the specific reflection of linguistic relations in the linguistic system and induce a theoretical study of linguistics. The next research topic closely related to the previous one, is the presentation of the spelling level of Hungarian writing practice in Slovakia from different aspects. The fourth series of studies of the volume deals with the general problems of Hungarian-language education in Slovakia and with the specific problems of teaching Hungarian as a mother tongue in a minority status.
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The study analyses texts that refer to dreams, excerpted from biblical, Medieval Bulgarian, literary and folklore works, and from fieldwork material collected personally by the author. The text reveals the most important features of the narrative in the dream, such as models, language formulas, and strategies for representing time. The analysis of the dream-book’s language demonstrates that today the dream-book is designed as a dictionary with its own vocabulary list and specific rules for constructing the interpretive definition, which include semantic, lexical, morphological, and syntactic laws.
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In my article, I analyse the newspaper imprints of some jubilee celebrations performed in the minds of Russian émigrés in Bulgaria, but also outdoors and indoors, between 1919 and 1944. Basing on M. Spariosu’s theory of exilic-utopian imagination and on the intuitive premise that an émigré community would inevitably pursue/problematize its accommodation within the host society, I locate the Russian émigré community and its celebrations within a tri-axial communicative situation whereby impulses for (self-aggrandising) introspection, mental war with the exiling power (sovietised Russia), and domestication of the host milieu are detectable. Considering newspapers as the most effective sites to host places of celebration for a (non-persecuted) ethno-cultural minority in the first half of the 20th c., and basing on prior historiography on the Russian émigrés of Bulgaria and on an overview of their periodicals, I identify as most conspicuous a constellation of jubilees that gravitated around the 50th anniversary from both the beginning and the completion of the 1877–1878 Russian-Ottoman war. Thus, I am able to discern the specificity of the communicative situation of that particular Russian émigré community against the benchmark of the ‘metropolitan’ one based in Paris. I approach these “imprints”, or “places of celebration”, as visual-verbal compositions (elaborating D. Georgiev’s ‘architecturology’ of newspaper); and as textualised experiences potentially reminiscent of the two cultural archetypes of “jubilee” for (post)Christian humankind, the Hebraic and the Roman ones.
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The main topic of this book is the empirical verification of generally widespread assumptions concerning the attitudes of young people towards the language situation in Quebec. The study, based on quantitative and qualitative research conducted throughout the province (in Gatineau, Montreal, Quebec, and Saint-Gabriel-de-Valcartier), analyzes data from 683 questionnaires and more than seven hours of recorded interviews. The explanatory factors considered in the analysis were age (the average age of respondents was 14.8 years), sex, and residence. The respondents were divided into three language groups to discover if monolingualism, bilingualism, or multilingualism influences the variation in their opinions.
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This paper analyses the attitude of Bulgarian researchers towards the phenomenon of bugarštica, with special reference to the book “Croatian Bugarštica Songs and Their Bulgarian Counterparts. Studies and Texts”, edited by Stefana Stoykova and published in 2015 by the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum. Stefana Stoykova substantiates the thesis about the Bulgarian origin of the bugarštica, present in the research spanning from Ivan Shishmanov to Antonina Afanasieva-Koleva, by analysing Bulgarian recordings from the 20th century in which, according to Stoykova, traces of bugarštica singing still remain preserved. By analysing the formula “orao se vijaše” [an eagle hovered] and the conceptualization of the falcon figure (in metaphors, as a mythical mediator between the worlds, etc.) in oral lyrical poetry in South Slavic context, this paper uncovers the consonance between bugarštica singing and other genre patterns from the 15th until the 20th century primarily in shared formulas, in style and language, in archaic mythological symbolism. The commonness of these elements is attributed to cohabitation, frequent migrations and the broadest processes of creation and duration in oral epic and lyrical traditions in South Slavic cultures.
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The German population living in the Eastern European territories reached by the Red Army in 1944 was subjected to systematic cleansing. In Bulgaria, this process took place within an institutional framework and generated a substantial dialogue between the Soviet Control Commission, the Bulgarian State, and its German inhabitants. The study of this administrative dialogue reveals movements in the categorical repertoire created on institutional level in order to identify potential foreign enemies. Belonging of the so-called Germans to the national community was assessed through their religious, historical, social, or family affiliations. The heterogeneity of this population grouped from above reveals a strong social reality: the anti-German measures mainly affected individuals from mixed families, legally or ethnically related to the German world. This mixity appears to have been a problematic attribute for the ongoing administrative classification. The specificity of the category of intermarriage and its function multiplied the facets of this population and encompassed through the family institution the existing perceptions of what was an ‘enemy’ or a ‘friend’ of the new order. The classification of undesirable persons from mixed families generated unequal relations with the state, between locals and foreigners, between citizens and non-citizens, but also between women and men. By looking at the diversity of the studied group through the lens of identity representation analysis numerous questions related to the aspects of the complex social reality of the Bulgarian population at the end of World War II arise.
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This article aims to outline the main sociocultural aspects of menstruation in Bulgarian traditional culture and folklore. Menarche rituals and etiological legends about the womb’s creation and the menstruation are explored and analyzed in order to define folklore motifs and beliefs. The woman and her cyclicity is related to fertility in the human world. Both in legends and in menarche rituals, the womb and the menstruation are essential for arranging and preserving the dimension between order and chaos, for building a connection between heaven and earth. The magical power of woman's blood and body is included in the cultural system of the human world, but it also aims to achieve prosperity on other levels. This sacred and mysterious physiological process gives woman a special place, makes her wiser and more responsible for the common good.
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Choosing a name is an important part of the construction of significant infrastructural projects, such as dams. Naming is not only a utilitarian procedure of individualizing a concrete space, but also a symbolic act that gives value to a specific name and transforms it in a cartographic and geographical “site of memory”. The selected name is picked out among other possible variants and is thus the result of a choice that implies an intention or at least a mental attitude. The article attempts to reconstruct the logic underlying the naming of Bulgarian dams.
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In the narratives of migrants from submerged areas, four main concepts can be distinguished: home, land, church and cemetery. The article is devoted to the concept of a cemetery in the memories of forced resettlement from areas submerged during the construction of hydroelectric power plants in Ukraine. Excerpts from memories about the moving of cemeteries are presented. Folk beliefs, nominative vocabulary for events, places, characters, plots, persistent themes, and basic folklore plots are explored. The following main ideas are identified: it is not possible to move a cemetery entirely; disturbing the peace of the cemetery leads to dangerous consequences and provokes the wrath of the dead; the re-installation of grave crosses restores the sacredness of the graves, consolidates the resettled community and updates the memory of its historical past.
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The ways in witch advertising uses folklore motifs are rather varied and interesting. In this article, we first clarify what the essence of advertising is at a theoretical level, who it is aimed at, what is presented and how it is presented, and of course, also who orders the advertisement. This synthesizing theoretical introduction is necessary in order to fully understand the differences between audio advertising, visual and audio-visual presentation, as well as how contemporary advertising permeates the media environment including Internet and social networks. Also significant is the psychological effect on the costumers, which uses a number of traditional stereotypes and expected behaviour patterns. Subsequently, we will look in more detail at the role of folklore and especially folklore narratives in advertising, including its changes in the last century, which we will illustrate with two specific examples. The next part of the article consists of an analysis of two contemporary advertising campaigns with dominant folklore motifs in the Czech media environment (Equa bank and Seznam.cz), in which we show in detail the way they communicate with the costumer, the folklore stereotypes used and the comments of the clients and creators of these advertisements regarding the expected effect of the campaign.
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Diverse influences of folklore tradition in contemporary media are presented in this article. The pandemic “closure” and encapsulation of the normal rhythm of life in 2020 unleashed a wave of creative TV, radio, social media manifestations, focused not only on covering the unusual situation, but also on the particular “return” to traditional practices and ways of adapting to the daily life routine. Self-introspection became a journey towards primordial rituals where tragic and comic coexist in the resistance and affirmation of life. The observed and analysed examples are from the Czech and Bulgarian media environment.
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Internet memes are a basic representative of online folklore, which naturally arises and lives as part of virtual communication. Similar to political jokes, some of them comment on, gloss over, criticize and satirize political and social events, making them part of political participation and communication „from bellow“. The purpose of this case study is to use the example of the Slovak online platform Zomri [Die] to show how an amateur entertainment project, which is part of participatory online culture, became part of a societal discussion thanks to social network and popularity. Attention is paid to various actors (site admins, the public, politicians, media), the activities of those actors and the spillovers outside the internet environment. The study combines folkloristic theoretical starting points with approaches from media and pop culture studies. It is based on long-term online research of the platforms, its content, secondary activities and spillovers into other areas of the online and offline environment. It also builds on the analysis of media interviews and discussion with platform admins.
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The article presents a study of the “fake news” problem from an emic perspective, focusing on media practices. The study aims to place people as conscious and active subjects of cultural production and consumption at the analysis’s centre and present the problem through their actions, reactions and interpretations. Different cases of questionable content circulating through Bulgarian media space are analysed, and their functions and uses are outlined. Two main functions of fake news are specified: 1) as an aspect of popular culture and 2) as a genre of disinformation. The features of users’ reception and interpretation, the subversive impact of fake news in the media ecosystem and its usage in the so-called ‘information wars’ are examined in detail. The conclusions emphasise the role of humour and laughter as mechanisms of counteraction.
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Pentru a înțelege mai bine relațiile intertextuale dintre psaltirile franceze medievale, întoarcerea la o sursă fundamentală precum Psaltirea de la Oxford (manuscrisul Oxford, Biblioteca Bodleiană, Douce 320) este esențială. Astfel, unul dintre scopurile acestui articol este cel de a pune bazele unui studiu al modificărilor de natură textuală reprezentate de numeroase ștersături care reflectă procesul de redactare și spun povestea acestui manuscris. Deoarece studiul este de amploare, a fost necesară segmentarea lui în mai multe publicații. În această primă etapă, după o introducere care analizează relațiile manuscrisului Douce 320 cu alte manuscrise din familia sa (de exemplu, Londra, British Library, Arundel MS 230), autorii discută ștersăturile legate de fluctuația vocalelor și diftongilor în ortografia anumitor cuvinte. Analiza tratamentului dentalelor finale ocupă apoi secțiuni referitoare la anumite forme verbale ale modurilor indicativ, conjunctiv și participiu. Acestea sunt completate de studii privind ștergerea unui -e- interconsonantic în formele de viitor și oscilarea între -r- și dublu -rr- în formele de viitor ale verbului estre. În cele ce urmează, ștersăturile și/sau corecturile legate de dentale permit de asemenea să fie abordată problema declinării, nu numai în cazul participiilor, ci și a mai multor substantive și adjective. Cercetarea se concentrează apoi pe studii de caz: ștergerea unui –n final în enfer(n), iur(n) și car(n); ezitările scribului legate de ortografia conjuncției car; înlocuirea frecventă a lui q cu c în cuvântul quer/cuer; ezitarea între folosirea conjuncției mais sau a conjuncției acertes; precum și multiplele opțiuni de a traduce sufixul latin –tio. O paranteză deschisă cu privire la anumite adăugiri și/sau corecturi sugerează posibilitatea ca manuscrisul Douce 320 să nu fie o traducere autografă a Psaltirii St. Albans (păstrată la Hildesheim, Dombibliothek, St. Godehard 1). Scribul ar fi folosit mai degrabă o sursă latină cu o glosă vernaculară interliniară. Această deducție pare să fie confirmată și de utilizarea unei liniuțe de unire, pe care copistul o folosește pentru a compensa erori probabile de transcriere. Ipoteza aceasta este susținută mai ales de cercetarea asupra câtorva „ștersături lungi”. Ele par a privi unități de transcriere a căror modificare este legată de structura și interconectarea textuală cu o sursă care prezintă atât un text latin, cât și o glosă interliniară. În încheierea acestei părți, după ce au prezentat, spre comparație, exemple preluate din Psaltirea Winchester și Psaltirea Arundel, autorii propun reconstituirea unui segment de text care ar putea fi mai aproape de sursa manuscrisului Douce 320. Articolul se încheie cu o comparație cu precedentele în limba engleză veche și cu o transcriere a fragmentelor de la Maidstone, Centrul și Biblioteca de Istorie Kent, Fa/Z1 (fragmentul Faversham i). Continuarea cercetării este prevăzută pentru următorul număr al revistei Museikon.
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As a result of the increasing number of Bulgarian-Armenian marriages in Bulgaria since the 1950s more and more people are born and grown up in such interethnic and intercultural settings. The main focus of this study is on respondents who are descendants of Bulgarian-Armenian marriages and the different identifications they construct in their mundane lives. The text will also pay attention to the interlocutors’ notions of homeland and their feeling of territorial identification from national and European perspectives.
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