Jak najít společnou řeč aneb Překryvy replik ve dvou televizních pořadech

Author(s): Zuzana Komrsková,Petra Poukarová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2018

The aim of this paper is to present some remarks concerning the phenomenon of overlaps in spoken language. Simultaneous speech has been studied since the 1970s, when Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson described their theory of turn-taking organisation in conversation. In the literature, overlaps are sometimes considered as going against the principle of minimizing gaps and interruptions, something that speakers should avoid. We would like to show that overlaps do not appear randomly but that speakers can use them functionally and that they can even fulfil cooperative functions. Our study is based on data from Dialog, a special multimedia corpus of spoken Czech, which collects public dialogues — recordings and transcripts of discussion programs broadcast on Czech TV stations.

Cesta brazílskej portugalčiny od jazyka kolonizátorov až po jazyk nezávislého národa

Author(s): Jana Fabová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2018

The journey of Brazilian Portuguese begins at the end of the 15th century with the Bula Caetera Treaty signed in 1493 and with the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494. According to these treaties, the Brazilian territory was divided between the Kingdoms of Portugal and Castile. By the second of these treaties, most of the territory, now called Brazil, was handed over to the Portuguese Crown, which meant that there was now more interest in this territory than in the previous period. Preparations began for the first naval expedition to that unknown land. In 1500, under the leadership of Pedro Álvares Cabral, Portuguese colonizers came to a territory where they encountered more than a thousand indigenous languages, which greatly complicated the colonization process. In this article I will highlight the sociolinguistic history of Brazilian Portuguese, which is the outcome of five centuries of (internal) development and (external) historical events which have also increased the number of Brazilian Portuguese speakers.

Rozhovor s Miloslavou Knappovou

Author(s): Žaneta Dvořáková,Miloslava Knappová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2021

Onomastické zprávy a poznámky

Author(s): Žaneta Dvořáková,Michaela Boháčová,Jaroslav David,Miriam Giger,Jana Matúšová,Soňa Wojnarová,Martina Zirhutová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2021

On-line přednášky

Author(s): Žaneta Dvořáková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2021

Podzimní půldenní on-line konference SNSBI (Society for Name Studies in Britain and Ireland) 17. 10. 2020

Author(s): Soňa Wojnarová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2021

Den onomastiky na Helsinské univerzitě (Nimistötutkimuksen päivä). Celodenní konference 29. 10. 2020

Author(s): Soňa Wojnarová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2021

Podzimní půldenní on-line konference SPNS (Scottish Place-name Society) 7. 11. 2020

Author(s): Soňa Wojnarová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2021

XXIX. kolokvium mladých jazykovedcov

Author(s): Žaneta Dvořáková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2021

Hlavní data ve vývoji české onomastiky od roku 1975

Author(s): Žaneta Dvořáková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2021

Prezývky žiakov z hľadiska ich sociálneho postavenia v triede

Author(s): Gabriela Šikyňová,Jaromír Krško / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2021

In our paper we look into the topic of nicknames in the classroom. The attention is paid particularly to the relationship between the expressiveness of nicknames and the social status of the learners in the hierarchical structure of the classroom. On a selected instance of a single classroom, we examine and compare the status of individual learners which they have achieved (based on measuring their index of influence and popularity in the framework of their classroom). We also interpret the motivating stories behind the coinage of the nicknames and we try to find out whether there is any direct connection between the learners’ status in the classroom and positive/negative expressiveness of nicknames they have been given.

Ženská podoba příjmení v češtině a ve slovinštině pohledem lingvistů a v názorech veřejnosti

Author(s): Hana Mžourková,Helena Dobrovoljc / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2021

In recent years the subject of feminine forms of surnames has become a topic of a heated debate in Czech and Slovenian society, taking control of public as well as language experts’ attention. While in Czech the option for women to choose the “masculine form” of surname is still relatively new and it is possible to have the surname without suffix -ov(á) registered only in specific, well-defined cases; in Slovenian the form of surname (in conjunction with the first name) without -ov(a) has been regarded as a fundamental and formal language principle. However, even in Slovenian the use of the generic masculine forms is called into question in specific occurrences. This paper focuses on different sorts of divergences in approaches to feminine forms of surnames in the Czech and Slovenian language system. They will be exam¬ined both in the statements of linguists (including the state of codification) and in the lay-persons attitudes (including feminist approach to language). As a valuable source for lay-persons attitudes are being used the databases of inquiries of the Czech and Slovenian language counselling services. Comparing the situation in related languages shows probable trends in feminine forms of Czech and Slovenian surnames. Being in close contact with language users is crucial for the detection and accurate description of any linguistic phenomenon in usage and its explanation in language handbooks. Therefore, this paper also highlights the importance of language counselling services.

„Půda cizí, ale řeč ještě naše“ ‒ anoikonymie tzv. Českého koutku

Author(s): Martina Ptáčníková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2021

The Czech Corner (Cz. Český koutek, Ger. Böhmischer Winkel) refers to a territoryfound in what is now modern Poland. Despite its location and the fact that it had constitutedpart of Germany until 1945, the territory shares geographical, historical, ethnicand linguistic ties with the Czech lands. Until the end of the Second World War, the area,which consists of 11 villages, had predominantly been populated by ethnic Czechs.This study is the first outcome of our research into the toponymy of the CzechCorner. It seeks to collect as many names that used to be used by the Czech inhabitantsof the area in question as possible, as well as to analyse such collected names in semanticand formal terms. Additionally, the objective is to investigate how these nameschanged over time as well as their ties with foreign language anoikonyms including,but not limited to, German anoikonyms. The aims of the research also include sheddinglight on how the landscape of the Czech Corner used to be perceived and interpretedby its previous inhabitants as well as exploring the ways in which the localanoikonyms are tied with the ethnic and national identity of those who created andused them.This study focuses primarily on the names of those parts of the villages in questionthat have their own names identifying them. A total of 40 such names have beencollected including e.g. Ráj (Paradise), Ve voleti (Bird’s Crop), V krku (Bird’s Neck),V huse (Goose Belly) and Dvanáct apoštolů (Twelve Apostles).

Dog naming strategies in Beijing, P. R. China

Author(s): Tereza Slaměníková / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

China has been experiencing a boom in pet ownership since the beginning of the newmillennium. The notable number of dog walkers, strolling along the streets and inpublic parks, are an obvious sign that dogs are one of the most often sought-after companionanimals. One of the first steps associated with having a dog is usually the selectionof a suitable name. This paper examines how the growing phenomenon of dogbreeding is reflected in the Chinese onomastic system. First, it provides the generallinguistic characteristics of the dog names, i.e. describing the repeatedly occurringword-formation patterns and thematic categories of the lexical items used to createdog names, as well as addressing the issue of the motives behind the names. Second,it examines whether dog naming practices in China follow the existing conventionsdescribed in relation to other languages. The results of the analysis indicate that, unlikethe situation observed in Western languages, Chinese dog names seem not onlyto exhibit signs of anthromorphization, but also to preserve the pre-modern practiceof name selection based on the dog’s physical and mental qualities or reflecting thecircumstances under which the dog came to the family, and thus represent a uniquecombination of earlier and modern-day dog naming practices.

Soudní znalectví v oddělení onomastiky ÚJČ AV ČR v roce 2020

Author(s): Žaneta Dvořáková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2021

Soudní znalectví v roce 2020

Author(s): Miloslava Knappová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2021

Onomastická procházka záhřebskou a bělehradskou zoologickou zahradou

Author(s): Agnieszka Kołodziej / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2022

The paper examines the transposition of the urban toponyms (i.e. urbanonyms) into the zoological garden’s space, as well as the patterns present across those urbano¬nyms. The first section comprises a semantic and formal analysis of 18 urbanonyms found in the zoological garden in Zagreb. The second part comprises: a) a discus¬sion of the urbanonyms (36 total) gathered from the zoological garden in Belgrade; and b) a comparative analysis of the urbanonyms collected from the two zoological gardens. The analysis takes into account the motivation behind these urbanonyms, their formal structure, as well as various factors that influenced the naming process. The vast majority of these urbanonyms are used as a means of commemoration; they are anthroponymic derivations based on the names and surnames of the well-known academic, cultural and political figures. From the formal perspective, most of the urbanonyms appear either in the genitive case or as constructions derived through adjectival or possessive formants.

Upper Silesian names of gastronomical facilities inspired by the local dialect lexicon – between glocalization and commercialization

Author(s): Izabela Łuc,Małgorzata Bortliczek / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The article is a form of introduction into a complex issue of creating artificial dependencies between the local culture and the culture of consumption, which exploits, for the sake of commercial aims, the cultural heritage of the region. This synthesis con-cerns the naming tendencies peculiar to the creation of Upper Silesian gastronomical facilities and services named by the local dialect lexicon. The selected chrematonyms (consisting of 54 nominations) were collected between 2018 and 2021 in the urban sphere of Upper Silesia and in websites. The names were described from the pragmalinguistic and cultural-linguistic perspective, considering the regional and commercial determinants of their creation. On the basis of the analysis some conclusions were drawn. They refer to the permeating of two opposing naming tendencies – the tradi¬tional and innovative one, which emerge from Upper Silesian names created by the use of various methods and techniques. The varied onymic material showed many traits of consumptionist culture, which the Upper Silesian names of gastronomical facilities manifest in their structure and semantics.

Pomístní jméno Kalabon

Author(s): Martina Ptáčníková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2022

This study investigates Kalabon, an anoikonym of an unknown meaning. This name is only found near the border separating Bohemia from the Kłodzko Land in Poland with a total of 6 occurrences being documented here. We believe the name is of Italian origin, an assumption supported by a set of extralinguistic (primarily historical) circumstances. We assume the name was introduced by Italian migrant workers that built railways in the region in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The contribution also contains a number of folk interpretations of the name in question

Odborná stanoviska v oddělení onomastiky ÚJČ AV ČR v roce 2021

Author(s): Žaneta Dvořáková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2022

Report about expert opinions issued by the Department of Onomastics, Czech Language Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, in 2021