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Quelques réflexions sur les éléments du langage spécialisé dans les textes littéraires en tant que problème de traduction

Author(s): Mirosław Trybisz / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The specialized language of a specific area constitutes a subsystem of a given language and, therefore, texts can never be purely specialized. Likewise, in everyday life, we do not use only the general language. In this study, we present the Polish translations of extracts from literary texts from different French-language authors, notably from Victor Hugo, Didier van Cauwelaert and Vladimir Volkoff. We indicate the presence of specialized vocabulary and speech in the starting texts and their treatment in the arrival texts. We indicate a few translation errors, but above all we will discuss the importance of the encyclopaedic knowledge of the translator of literary texts. To conclude, we offer some reflections on the training of translators so that they know how to deal with the elements of specialized language in literary texts.

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L’interdiscours dans L’Insurrection qui vient du «Comité invisible»

Author(s): Stéphane Bikialo,Audrey Surbier / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

This contribution offers a theoretical reflection on the notion of interdiscourse (shown and manifest) and its relevance in (literary) discourse analysis before analysing a work whose political and literary project is largely based on the inter-discourse: "The Coming Insurrection", by «Invisible Commitee». The notion of interdiscourse in our corpus will allow us to assess the extent of an uncompromising critique of the economy and more broadly of the capitalist system: individualism, homogenization, evidence. We can then consider the subversion induced by interdiscourse, which consists precisely in assuming the need to make common, to include otherness, to pluralize discourses but also practices, and finally to undo the common discourse (economic and political) of its alleged obviousness.

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Intégration du numérique dans quelques pratiques universitaires innovantes en enseignement/apprentissage des langues

Author(s): Halina Widła / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this article is to tackle the issue of innovations in language teaching, with an emphasis on the latest trends in education. Currently, three approaches are changing traditional teaching methodology: flipped classrooms, learning by teaching, and virtual classrooms. In a university context, students have not yet had large amounts of exposure to these recent didactic solutions. This research investigates the willingness of students to adopt these new pedagogical approaches based largely on digital media. Additionally, this research explores how teachers and students view the effectiveness of these three approaches in various university contexts, such as lectures, tutorials, and seminars.

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L’évaluation de la compétence plurilingue et pluriculturelle dans l’enseignement/apprentissage du Français Langue Étrangère (FLE)

Author(s): Natalia Sakellari / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Modern societies in Europe are characterized by linguistic and cultural diversity. The European Union attaches great importance to the development, in the individual, of the plurilingual and pluricultural competence and to the role of the language learning as a mode of openness and access to otherness. These orientations are also given by number of works and projects carried out by the Council of Europe. Today’s language educators have to redefine their work and adapt it to the new context. One of the questions rising for the educators of French as a second language is the following: How can we evaluate the plurilingual and pluricultural competence of the learners? In the present paper, we propose to evaluate the development of the plurilingual and pluricultural competence of the learners of French as a second language in school by the interlinguistic mediation and we present the results of a field research held in Greece.

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Récits de migration et enseignement/apprentissage du Français Langue Étrangère (FLE)

Author(s): Anne-Sophie Morel / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

This article examines intercultural mediation through the stories of plurilingual “migrant” writers. These texts, whose authors live or have lived between several languages and have written in several languages including French, contribute towards building plurilingual and pluricultural competences as well as metalinguistic awareness in French as a Foreign Language learners. The language biography, as a training or self-training tool, enables learners to reflect on the notions of identity and belonging between languages and cultures.

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Approche didactique du rapport à l’interculturalité en Français Langue Étrangère (FLE) en milieu universitaire

Author(s): Jacky Verrier / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

When someone think about learning a foreign language, the concepts that come to mind are grammar, vocabulary, verbs, spelling, and phonetics. It is less common to wonder how others think their language. Galisson proposed the concept of lexiculture. The CEFR emphasizes the ideas of intercultural values and misunderstandings. A typical language course does not give strategies to manage these questions. To address this shortcoming, we propose a double approach. The first is based on the communicative and cultural processes during a conversation between natives. The second is based on understanding how to report knowledge, the construction of knowledge, and discursive grammar. From there, our didactic objective is twofold: (1) to articulate the communicative-cultural processes and the dimensions of the teaching process to focus on the cultural meaning of the words studied in the course; and (2) to give students the tools to manage the approach of the interculturality.

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Philologie, néo-rhétorique et éducation

Author(s): Françoise Collinet / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

For the past 20 years, most FFL textbooks have, to a certain extent, adopted the actional approach. This evolution represents a specific challenge for philological departments. On the one hand, teaching-programs tend to adjust to the common framework. But, on the other hand, linguistics and literary curricula are not immediately compatible with the new methods. While reminding its readers about the importance of the literary heritage, the CEF (2001) give no practical tool to pursue this ambition. In this paper, we propose a way of reactivating the knowledge acquired in literary classes by inserting it in a broader context: the study of argumentation as presented by Perelman’s New Rhetoric. The link between argumentation and literature is inspired by "Le Comique du discours" (Olbrechts-Tyteca, 1974). To give some flesh to this concept we will refer to Flaubert’s "Bouvard et Pécuchet" (1880), an intrigue and a text most Romanists are familiar with.

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L’écriture de l’ironie et la crise des valeurs dans L’insoutenable légèreté de l’être de Milan Kundera

Author(s): Atmane Bissani / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

In the present contribution, we aim at dealing with the value crisis as an immediate consequence of the crisis of modernity in the industrialised countries, starting from the part that irony plays as a critical and satirical stylistic device in relation to the Modern Times man and world. Our point of departure in this approach is the novel L’insoutenable légèreté de l’être (1989) by Milan Kundera, a text particularly emblematic of what the Modern Times man is, as well as of what one’s swift turnaround towards the kitsch in the age of technology is.

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Ironie du sort, ironie du corps chez Milan Kundera et Philip Kaufman

Author(s): Diana Gradu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

It is rather rare that a film adaptation of a book is faithful, successful and rewarding. The Unbearable Lightness of Being, the novel published by Milan Kundera in 1985 and transcribed cinematographically by Philip Kaufman in 1988, is an exception. The script benefits from Jean Claude Carrière's talented pen and Kundera's characters from the incarnation of Juliette Binoche (Tereza), Daniel Day Lewis (Tomas) and Lena Olin (Sabina). The rest is just a ceaseless play of lights, images, frames and replicas that value a very well written book, unanimously appreciated by the critics and the public. I will try to surprise in both versions - novel and cinematic - the differences and similarities that make them so special. The key, the irony, like a magic lantern that turns seriousness into derision and trifles into a tragic accident.

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Ironie ou sérieux du rire chez Michel Tournier dans Le Roi des Aulnes

Author(s): Evagrina Dîrțu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

“The more I’m laughing, the less I’m joking”, this is how Michel Tournier described the nature and the presence – an obvious one, he hoped – of humour in his whole work. What he aimed at, according to his own words, was a form of humour whose aggravating (as opposed to soothing) purpose was synonymous of a perturbation of all senses, a possibility therefore to reverse what is preestablished and what is anticipated at the same time. Our objective for the present paper is to see if (and how) “white” humour, the “serious” humour that Tournier defines, meets the meanings and the definitions of irony; we also aim at comparing Tournier’s perspective on humour and irony to other authors’ perspectives; and finally, we aim at analysing how this theoretical insight is reflected in his fiction, i.e. in one of his most famous novels, Le Roi des Aulnes.

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Auto-ironie, ironie en clin d’oeil et ironie du sort dans le roman de Margareta Miller-Verghy, Une âme s’ouvre à la vie. Blandine

Author(s): Mihaela Bacali / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

What is irony? Can we give it a set definition, if its faces are so diverse and multiple? What can be stated is that literary irony involves a discursive strategy and narrative techniques such as focusing and free indirect discourse, which allow a change of perspective in the narrative. Our approach is to explore the modalities and elements necessary to talk about irony in the novel A Soul Opens to Life. Blandine. The different types of irony that we have identified are: self-irony, winked irony and irony of fate; they intertwine in many fragments and form the clues to textual polyphony. A rhetorical strategy is used to promote ironic communication and the narrative system is adapted to this kind of discourse. Thus the irony of fate appears as an attempt of self-evaluation, but also marks the reader's active position in the process of critical reflection.

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L’ironie littéraire et artistique

Author(s): Maria Tronea / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The paper explores the evolution of irony in literature and its relationship to humour, the comical, parody, satire and sarcasm. In the latter part of the paper I expand my area of investigation to the fine arts and seek a common denominator of irony and satire in the works of such painters as Jérôme Bosch, Pieter Bruegel the old, Goya and others.

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Visages de l’ironie dans Les Chaises d’Eugène Ionesco

Author(s): Maria-Luisa Ţuculeanu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The concept of irony is the subject of the pages that follow. This very term is often used to suggest the contradiction between what is said and what is done, so that the distance regarding the exterior reality can be easily identified in various contexts. Having this in view, Eugène Ionesco’s work highlights the identitarian dualism through the motif of the double, such as « black » and « white », « colour » and « noncolour », keywords for his drawings and lithographies on the whole. Besides, contradictions also refer to the relation between art and society, which may be defined in terms of a denial. With reference to this aspect, the artistic work is an object, a common one, refusing the existence of some social constraints. What’s more, the language has to do with the irony, consisting of repetitions, interruptions etc. However, our final concern is with visual arts as against theatre - two domains of activity which have significant elements in common - by analyzing the play The Chairs, as well as the lithography with the same title, from the perspective of the irony.

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Attitudes poétiques et ironie dans Les Poésies premières de Philippe Beck

Author(s): Fabiana Florescu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

In this paper I aim to analyse the way that irony represents a deconstructing and a reformulating mechanism of the poetical experience in the Poésies Premières by Philippe Beck, changing the relations between the poetical exercise and the contemporary, the world and the reader.

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Ridicule et parodie dans Bruges-la-Morte

Author(s): Ștefana Gabriela Sîrbu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

This article sets out to succinctly propose a different approach to the way Bruges-la-Morte can be read. Starting with a few words describing the author’s childhood and young adulthood, we underline some of the most important aspects that have shaped Rodenbach’s literary taste. Traditionally considered a tragic story, our proposition for the way this text can be read is that of a text written ironically. This idea comes from the fact that the decadent movement starts out as a response to romanticism and by turning against it and negating its core values, ends up turning the decadent texts into a sort of parody (which is in itself a modern aspect).

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L’Ironie du sort dans L’archipel d’une autre vie d’Andreï Makine

Author(s): Ana-Maria Roșca / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Two cultures hold the reigns in Andrei Makine’s novels – the Russian matrix and the French catalyst. His characters represent Slavic souls which adopt the French mentality. However, L’Archipel d’une autre vie encompasses the almost imperceptible difference between ideologies considering the manner in which those two people refer themselves to the notion of “fate” and, implicitly, to that of “irony of fate”; it is the Russian phrasing of this concept that unravels the mythical aspect in this universe. In Makine’s writings, this “irony of fate” brings wisdom. Pavel Gartsev rejects the life he had planned upon, a life with fears and beliefs, all the while the woman whom could’ve run away plenty of times proofs her never-ending loyalty and waits 10 days for the man she loves. In the end, these two humans don’t exist anymore. Far away from the world, in the archipelago of Shantar Islands, the animus manages to meet again his anima.

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Жан Оризе - Азбука на междувремието

Author(s): Sonya Aleksandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The current text presents Jean Orizet’s point of view toward the basic concept of his works for “entretemps”. The specific understanding of this concept allows transitions across different by nationality creators and works, which are individually utilized so as to serve as an alphabet for the new creation. Their insertion in the author’s text is regarded here as building elements without which “the awakening” of the subjective voice would not be possible. The artistic parameters of the selected “stories from entretemps” allows for the building of a “concentric-circular work with quotations, echoing and references, leaning towards universal human union”.

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Czarnoksięskie przeznaczenie. Georges’a Bataille’a batalia o mit a Bruno Schulz

Author(s): Marcin Hanuszkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Beginning with an outline of the twentieth-century condition, in reference to the ideas of Jean Baudrillard, Martin Heidegger and Tadeusz Sławek, among others (thinkers whose texts are also the sources of the terminology used), the author discusses in this context the text The Sorcerer’s Apprentice by Georges Bataille. The author pays particular attention to the notions of destiny, seduction and myth, and conducts the analysis by means of both philosophical (referring also to other writings by Bataille) and literary polyphony. The considerations culminate in the identification of the commonalities between the approach to myth presented in The Sorcerer’s Apprentice and Bruno Schulz’s famous concept of the mythization of reality.

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Le seuil dans « La Barbe Bleue » de Charles Perrault - entre l'initiation pédagogique et la réalisation stylistique

Author(s): Ioana-Rucsandra Dascălu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Charles Perrault’s “Blue Beard” was classified among initiation tales, in which the door, the key, the threshold symbolize mystery, death danger, as well as the saving of the young wife. Critical interpretations compared Greek and Roman characters: the gods Janus, Saturn and Chronos, who all had keys and cutting objects to split time. There is a possible connection with the Breton legend of Gilles de Rais (XVth century), as well as with the folk motif of the sun which killed dawn and of day which killed night. We intend to emphasize stylistic features and contexts, where the threshold, the door and the key appear from the beginning to the end, in order to show that these are the essential points which assure the progress of narration; we comment upon their linguistic achievement through presentatives, conjunctions and adverbs, which are used to interrupt a state and to mark renewal and the passage to another state. These verbal forms convey surprise, with respect to the marvelous and the unexpected, to those who read or listen to the tale.

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Représentations de la fenêtre dans « La Seconde Chance » de Virgil Gheorghiu

Author(s): Mirela Drăgoi / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

"The Second Chance" [La Seconde Chance] is the second novel that C. V. Gheorghiu, the Romanian writer of French expression, published in France, after the Second World War. The author considers that the title mirrors perfectly the definition of the exiled and his intention of highlighting the drama of the man that is forced to leave his own country and live in another space - a « second hand life » perceived as a second chance. The space imagined in the narrative is dualistic, with characters pondering between identity and otherness, interior and exterior, the threshold among these two universes being s symbolic of freedom and captivity. This paper has the objective of identifying the meanings that C. V. Gheorghiu attributes to the space of the action and to the cultural content featured by the binary construction of the spatial coordinates.

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