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FUGA MUNDI NA PRZYKŁADZIE ŻYWOTA ŚWIĘTEGO IDZIEGO GUILLAUME’A DE BERNEVILLE

Author(s): Joanna Gorecka-Kalita / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

While oriental Christianity valued mostly anchoritic life, the medieval West was more reserved towards it, preferring coenobitic forms. Yet the “Eastern hermit” remained an idealized point of reference in Western hagiography, which often tried to reconcile these two inspirations. The paper investigates the 12th century Life of Saint Giles by Guillaume de Berneville, seeing it as a typical example of such a narrative: its hero flees the world in search of salvation, but after years of solitary life ends up becoming an abbot of a prosperous monastery.

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DUCHOWE POŻYTKI Z PODRÓŻY I DIABELSKIE PUŁAPKI NA DRODZE DO ZBAWIENIA NA PRZYKŁADZIE DWÓCH TEKSTÓW Z XIII W.

Author(s): Agata Sobczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In two very different thirteenth-century texts, the theme of travel is treated in analogous but seemingly contradictory manner. These texts are: Life of Mary of Egypt, and Saracen Woman, a story from the collection of La vie des pères. The lesson of Life of Mary of Egypt says that it is necessary to go out, and the lesson of the Saracen Woman – that this is dangerous for the salvation of the soul. In fact, the adventure told in the second text is just as salutary as that of the first one: both characters are healed of pride. It seems, therefore, that one should always go out even when it seems it should not be done.

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SCHRONIENIE CZY PUŁAPKA? ROLA PRZESTRZENI ZAMKNIĘTEJ W XIII-WIECZNYCH OPOWIEŚCIACH O KOBIETACH UCIEKAJĄCYCH W MĘSKIM PRZEBRANIU

Author(s): Joanna Augustyniak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Women disguised as men usually have access to open space providing them with freedom, which traditionally men take advantage of. Some of the women, though, reach the closed spaces such as grottos or cells of a recluse, which become not only their shelter but also the place of their spiritual improvement. In a secular sphere, though, the closed room becomes a trap for the disguised woman: although she was successful in the battlefield, in the queen’s bedroom she will not be able to fulfill the role of a lover and will be forced to resign from her ambiguous identity.

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ZIEMIA OBIECANA CZY ZIEMIA PRZEKLĘTA? OBRAZ MAROKA W LITERATURZE PODRÓŻNICZEJ KOŃCA XVIII W.

Author(s): Małgorzata Sokołowicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The present paper describes the image of Morocco emerging from three texts dating from the end of the 18th century: Recherches historiques sur les Maures et Histoire de l’Empire de Maroc (1787) written by Louis de Chénier, a French consul in Morocco; Histoire du naufrage et de la captivité de M. de Brisson (1789) by Pierre Raymond de Brisson, a French officer whose ship sank on the way to Senegal and who became a hostage of Moroccan tribes; and Voyage dans l’Empire du Maroc (1892) written in French by a Polish nobleman and traveller, Jean Potocki. The first part of the paper focuses on the climate and animals of the Empire and the second on its inhabitants.

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GRAAL, ORIENT, GROTA MIŁOŚCI. PODRÓŻ, UCIECZKA I WYGNANIE W ŚREDNIOWIECZNYCH NIEMIECKICH UTWORACH LITERACKICH MAJĄCYCH FRANCUSKIE ŹRÓDŁA

Author(s): Joanna Godlewicz-Adamiec / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to look at the various topoi connected with travel and to consider whether the medieval idea of travel, as reflected in German texts and their French sources, contains the motif of return and to what extent such an element would help define the concept itself. The analysis concerns various types of travel: the one connected with love, with broadening one’s horizons as well as with exclusion and exile.

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PODRÓŻ DO GUIBRAY – NIE TYLKO KOMICZNA WĘDRÓWKA PO ŚWIECIE TEATRU

Author(s): Monika Kulesza / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In this article I briefly present the relationship between the 17th century comic novel and theatre. An example of such a work is an anonymous novel from 1704 entitled Journey to Guibray. It describes the journey and numerous adventures of two aristocrats dressed as jugglers. The meeting with travelling actors brings many references to theatre in the novel. In this article I am concentrate on the characters of real actors, the relationships between actors, quacks and jugglers, as well as reminiscences of the dispute about theatre. The journey through the world of theatre in the novel creates the impression of realism contrasting with the layer of adventure and allows the author to smoothly combine seriousness and comedy.

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PODRÓŻ JAKO POGOŃ I UCIECZKA NA PODSTAWIE WYBRANYCH POWIEŚCI MADELEINE DE SCUDÉRY: ARTAMEN, CZYLI CYRUS WIELKI ORAZ KLELIA, HISTORIA RZYMSKA

Author(s): Monika Malinowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to present the purpose of countless journeys in selected novels by Madeleine de Scudéry. Thanks to continuous travels, readers may discover new, unknown places and experience real ancient stories, which undoubtedly fulfills the essential role of literary creation — teaching and playing. The journey can also be a constant pursuit of the beloved woman, a defection of admirers with an abducted woman or an escape from repression. It may also be a discovery of the world for pleasure or, in case of characters in love, a reflection of their souls.

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LE VOYAGE DE CÉLINE ÉVARISTE’A PARNY’EGO, CZYLI DAREMNOŚĆ PODRÓŻY

Author(s): Ewa Kalinowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Évariste Parny, a forgotten yet influential eighteenth-century poet, was born on the Isle of Bourbon, and then sent to be educated in France. As an adult, he acquired some experience of cultural differences from travels back and forth to Bourbon, to Brazil and India. Although Parny travelled a lot, but either distant lands or home island never took the sheen of a paradise in his works. It seems that Parny had no deep interest in different lands and cultures. The Voyage of Celine, one of his less known works, takes the eponymous heroine to many countries in Americas, Africa and Asia, but it finally concludes that staying in France is the most valuable resolution.

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ODERWAĆ SIĘ OD ZIEMI: PODRÓŻ CZY UCIECZKA? PAŃSTWA I CESARSTWA SŁOŃCA CYRANA DE BERGERAC

Author(s): Maja Pawłowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The short stay of Dyrcona on Earth after his return from the Moon, presented at the beginning of The States and Empires of the Sun, is in fact a continuous tension play between open and closed space. The closure is symbolized by a ship, the state of Colignac and Cussan and, finally, the Tower of Toulouse. The opening is symbolized by numerous journeys of the hero and his escape from the streets of Toulouse. While the rhythm of movement continues to accelerate, the journey turns into an escape and the escape into throwing (exile) in the cosmos.

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PODRÓŻ – UCIECZKA PRZED WYGNANIEM? Z KŁAMSTWA DO PRAWDY, PRZEPRAWA MARIVAUX

Author(s): Izabella Zatorska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

What is the danger of travelling to the True World (le Monde Vrai)? That is the travel which the narrator of some last issues of Le Cabinet du Philosophe published by Marivaux in 1734, proposes to his readers. The aim of this paper is to analyse the philosophical sense of this travel, a social and anthropological initiation, turning out to be a meta-literary utopia coming closely to auto-pastiche. For the modernists, such as Marivaux, an aesthetic deformation may be a way to find the truth. It is the ethic intention that counts.

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PODRÓŻNIK NOWEGO GATUNKU – HISTOIRE D’UN POU FRANÇOIS FRANÇOIS DELAUNEYA

Author(s): Przemysław Kossakowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

François Delauney’s Histoire d’un pou françois is a late eighteenth-century satire against the young United States, kingdoms of France and Spain, as well as the British parliamentary Whig opposition to George III’s government. A French louse travels through countries, reading people’s thoughts and blaming their vices. Delauney’s satire is also a defence of the British parliamentary monarchy against republicanism and absolutism, and, above all, a virulent lampoon on the mankind’s meanness, its vices and ambitions contrasted with the louse’s philosophical attitude.

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PODRÓŻ SENTYMENTALNA DO FRANCJI ZA CZASÓW ROBESPIERRE’A

Author(s): Marek Mosakowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The fall of Robespierre not only constitutes a major turning point in the history of the French Revolution, it also means a dramatic reorientation of the literary scene in France. A brand new genre, namely roman noir, which originated in England in the 1760s, finally reached France, stirring the recently unsettled French imagination and producing many literary works worthy of attention. This paradoxical infatuation of the French writers with English gothic and horror stories can be primarily attributed to the direful experiences of the guillotine and the Great Terror, which ravaged France with particular intensity during several momentous weeks preceding Robespierre’s spectacular demise in July of 1794. Thus literature offered a perfect vehicle for soothing the French traumatic memories of the Jacobin regime. One of such works was a semi-fictional novel by François Vernes, entitled Le voyageur sentimental en France sous Robespierre.

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«Il n’y a point d’état plus immoral que celui de voyageur»: autour des contributions de Diderot à l’Histoire des deux Indes

Author(s): Jean-Michel Racault / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Borrowed from one of Diderot’s anonymous contributions to Raynal’s famed anticolonialist encyclopedia of travels (1770-1780), the quotation opposes strongly to a long-standing humanist tradition of travelling as a precious medium of education, especially for young men, established at the sixteenth century from classical sources. New eighteenth-century representations of travel as useless or even morally dangerous (Muralt, Rousseau) result in Diderot’s moral condemnation of the European traveller, mainly on political grounds. However, his so-called “anticolonialism”, highly rhetorical and ambiguous, may be seen both as an expression of his own dialogic turn of mind and as a kind of mock echo to Raynal’s personal ambiguities.

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Peut-on se fier au voyageur? Réponses de l’abbé Prévost dans les introductions de l’Histoire générale des voyages (1746-1759)

Author(s): Sylviane Albertan-Coppola / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The publication of the "Histoire générale des voyages", with its subtitle the "Nouvelle collection de toutes les relations de voyages par mer et par terre, qui ont été publiéesjusqu’à présent dans les différentes langues de toutes les nations connues", caused to Prévost a number of problems. The introductions, which open different parts (and books) of the "Histoire", show how the author copes with sources. Through his meticulous work of analysis a traveller figure takes shape. Prévost presents merits and weaknesses of travellers and brings about the question of the reliability of travel narratives he presents in his "Histoire".

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Le statut esthétique, ontologique et épistémologique du narrateur dans "Le Monde vrai" de Marivaux

Author(s): Izabella Zatorska / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Brought about by the reflections of the author-narrator of "Le Cabinet du philosophe" ("In The Philosopher’s Study"), Marivaux’s last jornalistic endeavour (1734-1738), the narrative fiction that occupies the last six issues, could make one puzzled, even disturbed. From the second episode, the title metamorphoses from "Le Voyageur dans le Nouveau Monde into Monde vrai [Suite du]" ("The True World [Continuation of]"), as if the narrator, with his own way of being and seeing, wanted to disappear behind the result of the changes in his vision of humanity. However, it is his triple status that determines what follows. Our analysis will therefore look at the status of the narrator-traveler, at his own perception of that status, at his evolution and at the commentary on it. Marivaux’s reflections could well have a universalist implication, even one that points towards the socio- and ethnological relations and their critiques of later centuries.

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Voyageur-historien ou romancier-philosophe? Quelques leçons du voyage imaginaire

Author(s): François Rosset / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The paper proposes a reflection on the relationship between real and fictitious travellers, between authentic and imaginary journeys. The discursive articulation that makes the traveller witness a subject of speech allows us to define the conditions in which the problematic relationship between the experience of the real world and its narrative is established. It is also on this relationship that the interdependence between the narratives of real journeys and the narratives of imaginary journeys is based. The journey, as an act of narrative, can then be perceived as a figuration or metonymy of fiction itself.

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Nicolas Klimius, Pierre Wilkins et Édouard Alfrède – quelle définition du voyageur?

Author(s): Stanisław Świtlik / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The existence of travellers in the 18th-century reality encourages to search the definition of their characters. Three examples of literary imaginary travels help to define the traveller who becomes an explorer, a master of a new land. The article is an attempt to show to which extend the definition of an usurper, a “providential man” and of a conqueror are relevant to the travels to the unknown lands by Nicholas Klimius, Peter Wilkins and Édouard Alfrède.

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Les russeries d’un peintre-voyageur au XVIIIe siècle: Le Prince vu par les critiques d’art de son temps

Author(s): Katalin Bartha-Kovács / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is to examine some works of Jean-Baptiste Le Prince representing everyday life, and called russeries, through the Salon critics written primarily by Diderot. Adopting an aesthetic perspective, it aims to unveil the reasons for Diderot’s reserve towards the painter’s compositions, which can be traced, for the most part, to the discrepancy between the exotic subject matter and the idyllic manner of its representation according to the conventions of Rococo aesthetics.

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Vers une écriture de l’humeur inquiète: le Voyage musical en Allemagne et en Italie de Berlioz

Author(s): Aleksandra Wojda / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The paper is devoted to Hector Berlioz’s Voyage musical en Allemagne et en Italie (1844), which offers a particularly interesting variant of musical travel writing that emerges in nineteenth-century France. The analysis of the composer’s prose questions specific aspects of Berlioz’s creative imagination and literary poetics that disclose deeper anthropological and aesthetical implications. The representations of alternative, solitary paths of the wandering hero, the alternate syntactic rhythms and variable tempi of the narrative, the constant play with literary conventions appear as different articulations of new dynamics of the moving, “musical” modern identity that emerges through his writing. The palimpsest-like model of the composer’s creation, as well as his transgressive, eccentric deconstruction of topical representations of the visited countries, converge with these aspects of Berlioz’s poetics that seem to be constantly fostered by the dialectic tension between creative energy of the ever moving self and the necessarily well-delineated dimension of the work of art.

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Un voyageur qui peint, un voyageur qui écrit… Le double (?) regard de Gustave Guillaumet

Author(s): Małgorzata Sokołowicz / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between text and image in the works of Gustave Guillaumet (1840-1887), a French painter, who – after having several times visited Algeria – started to publish in Nouvelle Revue short stories inspired by his travels. After his death, they were edited conjunctly under the title Tableaux algériens (1888) and constitute, altogether with Guillaumet’s paintings, an interesting example of intermediality. Following the brief presentation of the artist, three types of relationships between his texts and paintings are to be defined: equivalence, explication and correspondence. From those relationships emerges a particular type of traveller, the one who paints and writes, but who also carefully observes the world and tries to render it in his works, regardless of the medium chosen.

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