We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Download

Les chroniques zoliennes – hybrides textuelles

Author(s): Anna Kaczmarek-Wiśniewska / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2016

The journalistic part of Emile Zola’s work is often neglected by critics who usually focus on the writer’s novels and other texts of fiction. Nonetheless, these writings worth readers’ and critics’ attention because of their originality based on their hybrid character. This hybridism concerns their narrative forms, including ‘classical’ press chronicles, causeries (a kind of chat with the potential reader) and confidences of real or fictive persons. The identity of their author is also hybrid, combining some traits of a romantic, a positivist and a materialist. The outcome of such a mix of various attitudes towards the reality is a set of uncomparable texts of both anthropological and documentary value.

More...

Download

Marginalité et errance dans l’œuvre de Laurent Gaudé : le vagabond comme figure de la rupture

Author(s): Donia Boubaker / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2014

Partly a tramp and partly an outcast, the hobo as a character in Laurent Gaudé's imagination and fiction is a multi-faceted figure, a metaphor for modern world crisis. Resorting to a sort of primitive morality, he elects to break away from a universe of exclusion, alienating individuals to the point of stripping them off of their humanity and he ultimately becomes a hobo. His wanderings become a form of resistance to repressive normality and the Gaudean tramp evolves into a social rebel figure.

More...

Download

« Qu’est-ce que la Religion universelle ? » : étude sur une question posée par Baudelaire

Author(s): Tomasz Szymański / Language(s): French Issue: 3/2013

In "My heart laid bare" Baudelaire writes about the "Universal Religion" devised for "the alchemists of thought," "a religion that comes from man, considered as a divine memento." The idea, as we read in the text, was inspired by the writings of Chateaubriand, De Maistre and those of the "Alexandrians". And indeed, two first authors wrote explicitly about a „universal tradition” that finds its fulfillment in the Catholic religion. It does not matter if we recognize the "Alexandrians" as representatives of the Neoplatonic school, the Alexandrian Fathers of Church, or disciples of Hermetism, the very term implies a tradition of both syncretic and mystic character that resembles gnosis. Baudelaire’s "Universal Religion," despite his Catholic convictions, cannot be associated with Catholicism. Based on a universal transmission of myths and symbols, it rather refers to eternal truths about man as well as to the divine source of all beings – also in the modern world, which holds God’s existence in doubt.

More...

Download

Le Jugement dernier de Léon Delmont : déplacements du sacré dans La Modification de Michel Butor

Author(s): Sophie Guermès / Language(s): French Issue: 3/2013

The compartment, in A Change of Heart, is a secular space. However, the Sacred will gradually invade it through hallucinations of the narrator. Thus, an unexpected and fantastical struggle led by pope, priests, cardinals, prophets and sibyls against Leon Delmont will change his initial decision, motivating and justifying the novel’s title.

More...

Download

« Ecrire l’absence » selon Assia Djebar : Le Blanc de l’Algérie

Author(s): Maria Gubińska / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2012

The well-known French-language writer, Assia Djebar, teaches the reader to listen intently to cultural differences, inspires tolerance towards other people and touches upon the problem of the emancipation of women in the Arab-Muslim civilization. In her work entitled Le Blanc de l’Algérie Djebar recalls deceased Algerian intellectuals, such as Albert Camus, Frantz Fanon or Kateb Yacine, as well as cruelly murdered writers and less known persons who proved to be important for the author herself (namely her friends) and for the history of Algeria. The author bemoans those absent figures, remembering their last minutes of life, their families’ despair, and the atrocity of death.The article is an attempt at reflection on the problem of absence that is in dichotomy with presence. The absence of great Algerians is unbearable; it is not silence but a cry for the memory of the tragic moments in the history of the country. Those moments, when remembered, shall help better understand the painful contemporary times. Djebar in a subtle way removes a white shroud (white is the colour of mourning in the tradition of North-African countries), thus showing the reader the moving and colourful Algerian fresco.

More...

Download

Mallarmé et les paradoxes de la vanité

Author(s): Anna Opiela-Mrozik / Language(s): French Issue: 8/2018

This article analyses a polysemous term of vanity in Mallarmé’s idea and œuvre. This concept shows paradoxes of Mallarmé’s creation: a misunderstood poet accused of being vain who was torn between the dream of glory and the self-devaluation. It was in the autoreflexive art par excellence, where Mallarmé saw his satisfaction and found the sense of life. After the experience of spiritual crisis and the discovery of worthlessness of language, Mallarmé, finding in the Nothingness the resources of poetry, decided to extend the illusion of literature. “Digging into the line”, he built the poetics of vanity which is a synonym of futility or void where the sense of word is replaced by the language sonority. What is more, while fighting against the poetic impotence, Mallarmé, due to writing about Vanitas, immersed into death to create an “ideal tomb” for his late son.

More...

Download

« Mais qui ose en affronter les suites ? » : Emil Cioran et les rapports entre la vanité, le suicide et l’écriture

Author(s): Joseph Acquisto / Language(s): French Issue: 8/2018

According to Emil Cioran, every human being is “full of the conviction that all is vain.” But Cioran wonder immediately after indicating that universal recognition of vanity: “But who dares to face the consequences?” How does the writing voice in Cioran associate with and distinguish himself from this generalized humanity? And what should our reaction to the vanity of all things be? We could be tempted to say that destruction, and self-destruction above all, seems to be the most reasonable reaction. Although Cioran writes in a near-obsessional way about suicide, he does not ultimately recommend it as a solution to vanity precisely because vanity resists all solutions. The writer is thus in a contradictory position: what would be the use of declaring the vanity of all things if that declaration only participates in that same vanity? The act of publishing books is not, according to Cioran, more effective than suicide as far as the attenuation of vanity is concerned, but reading and writing as simultaneous creation and destruction allow us to forget vanity at least enough to continue living.

More...

Download

LITERARY FICTION AND SCIENCES: THE CASE OF THE NOVEL

Author(s): Bernard Franco / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2018

The common sense builds a border between fiction and reality. Fiction may be represented by the novel, which is between the 18th and the 19th centuries mainly focussed to sentimental stories. The discourse about reality is generally represented by History and Science. Therefore, the border between fiction and reality has an equivalence, on one hand on the representation of the tree of knowledge in the Encyclopédie (science belongs to reason, history to memory and poetry to imagination), and, on the other hand, on the opposition between imagination and reason. German Idealism tried to recreate a union between the human faculties, imagination and reason, by unifying criticism and poetry. But novelists like Goethe (Elective Affinities), Melville (Mardi) and Flaubert (Bouvard et Pécuchet) tried in very different ways to unify poetry and scientific discourse in a literary project where knowledge becomes the main purpose of the novel. From the goethean ideal of universalism to Flaubert's irony about human aspiration to know, the three novels show different ways to question the relationships between fiction and scientific knowledge and lead to this question: in which way is there a part of human knowledge that can belong only to literature?

More...

5.90 €

Preview

Houellebecq: konverzija cinika

Author(s): Krešimir Petković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 24/2019

Tko je Michel Houellebecq? Čovjek koji zavidi mladim proleterima koji su mu iz okrutnosti kamionom ubili korgija no koji sam ne može ubiti pticu za ručak. Odgovor nije pogrešan. Ponudit ću ipak nešto opsežniji. Houellebecq je čovjek koji od depresije, alkoholičarskih povraćanja i ironiziranja vlastitih seksualnih neuspjeha, završava u istini svojih propalih ljubavi da bi našao Ljubav. Baš tako patetično pisanu, velikim početnim slovom. Houellebecq je deklarirani nevjernik koji u konačnici, tek s malim zrnom soli, nudi neuvijene kristološke alegorije. Pretočen u njegovo pisanje, svijet mu nudi božanske znakove koje, sasvim u skladu sa žanrom negativne teologije, ne može takvima priznati. Barem ne ispočetka. Na kraju mu se pak čini da o tim znakovima treba biti izričit. [...]

More...

4.90 €

Preview

Uz Batailleovu svetu erotiku

Author(s): Mario Kopić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 24/2019

U predgovoru svojoj knjizi Erotizam Georges Bataille već u prvoj rečenici kazuje: »Ljudski je duh izložen najčudnijim nalozima (aux plus surprenantes injonctions). Neprestance ga je strah sebe sama. Užasnut je vlastitim erotskim uzbuđenjima (mouvements). Svetica se zgrožena odvraća od sladostrasnika: ne zna za jedinstvo (l 'unite) što povezuje njegove sramne (inavouables) strasti s njezinima«. Bataille zato ište upravo to jedinstvo, odnosno traži onu temeljnu silu koja leži u svakom pojedincu i čeka na čas svoje realizacije. Naziva je »sveti eros«. Posrijedi je eros koji spaja ne samo žive nego i život i smrt. [...]

More...

Download

Flocart et Florimont, le miroir et le prince

Author(s): Nathalie Leclerc / Language(s): French Issue: 9/2019

Florimont, by Aimon de Varennes, a 12th-century Lyonnais author, seems to have been written in 1188, but its dating remains uncertain. The novel tells how a young man, deeply enamored of a fairy, is led to betray, in spite of himself, the one he loves, thus losing his love and how, after many sufferings, the young hero consoles himself with another love and becomes king. Throughout his adventures, Florimont is accompanied by his master, Flocart, who guides and educates him with highly moralistic speeches. We propose to study how the latter character, who, according to Katalin Halász, participates in a higher power or omniscience of the narrator, builds his relationship with his pupil, for the purpose of individual and collective edification. We will first see that Flocart assumes a dual diegetic function that favors the process of individuation of his pupil. We will then show that his multiple interpretations of dreams give him the role of a master of truth who sanctifies the destiny of Florimont. Finally, we will observe that Flocart’s paremiological discourse takes on the appearance of a mirror for princes, able to reveal to his young pupil the principal qualities of a good king, which is achieved by placing generosity at the heart of human and political relations.

More...

Download

Les ermites et les reclus(es) : à propos de la figure du maître dans la Queste del Saint Graal, roman arthurien du XIIIe siècle

Author(s): Katarzyna Dybeł / Language(s): French Issue: 9/2019

The article analyses the figures of hermits and recluses presented in The Quest for the Holy Grail, and functioning in this anonymous Arthurian romance of the 13th century as variants of the figure of a spiritual mentor, complementing the figure of a master in chivalry. These characters shape the narrative discourse and enrich the sapiential, moral and formative aspects of the work. They also re-define the courtly ethos by introducing the idea of celestial chivalry, which complements the idea of terrestrial chivalry, typical of the Arthurian romance of the 12th century.

More...

Download

Penser par soi-même ou la question du maître vue par les encyclopédistes et par Kant

Author(s): Véronique Le Ru / Language(s): French Issue: 9/2019

How does the Encyclopedists’ watchword ‘to think for oneself’ relate to the question of education, which could be formulated as: does man need a master? As soon as the Encyclopedists ask the question, they propose a new way of thinking about the two meanings which can be given to the notion of master: dominus (“the lord”), and magister (“the teacher”). The lord has authority thanks to his status as a land owner or castle owner, the teacher is in a position of power by virtue of his knowledge and education. The Encyclopedists’ answer to the question concerning education will be compared to that given by Kant, and the meaning the Encyclopedists assign to the expression ‘to think for oneself’ will also be juxtaposed with Kant’s interpretation. In this way, the correlation between education and ‘thinking for oneself’ observed by both Kant and the Encyclopedists will be demonstrated.

More...

Download

L’armée, livre des hommes : passeurs de symboles et personnages liminaires dans Servitude et grandeur militaires d’Alfred de Vigny

Author(s): Jordan Diaz-Brosseau / Language(s): French Issue: 9/2019

During his time in the army, Vigny noticed the slow and inevitable disappearance of the old grumblers. For him, these antique men are both archaic and noble, which is why, with Servitude et grandeur militaires, he tries to criticize the military institution, and record the teachings of these veterans simultaneously. These men represent a particular type of master, as their teachings must be both received and surpassed. Following the logic of rites of passage, we propose an ethnocritic reading of Vigny’s poetic, and try to reconstruct the narrative architecture of a pedagogical experience. We believe the latter is organized around the presence of liminal characters which serve as transmitters. We then study the narrator’s critical appropriation of these teachings, which we read as a mise en abyme of the critical attitude to which Vigny invites his readers. This way, we bring out the formative value of the fiction of that romantic writer.

More...

Download

« L’Homme à qui je devais le plus après mon père et ma mère » : Léon Bloy disciple de Jules Barbey d’Aurevilly

Author(s): Yoann Chaumeil / Language(s): French Issue: 9/2019

As a substitute father figure, a mentor, a tutor and a writer to be admired and imitated, Barbey d’Aurevilly acted as a master for Bloy from the moment they first met. Indeed, among all the other self-proclaimed heirs of Barbey’s legacy, Bloy seems to be the most ardent disciple of the Connétable des Lettres. As we concentrate on the way Bloy constructs multiple authority figures who all somehow relate to Barbey, we propose to study the way these two writers, who both lean exclusively towards the figurative, give a particular depth to their relationship by elaborating their imagery, which plays an essential role in the way they construct the bond between master and disciple. This investigation will, in addition, lead us to consider how such a relationship cannot come about without any occasional differences of opinion or mutual irritation. Far from shying away from the master, Bloy clearly constructs his own authorial persona in the light of the brilliant master, rather than in his shadow.

More...

Download

Paul Bourget avant et après Le Disciple. Figures du professeur et de l’élève dans Mensonges et L’Étape

Author(s): Dominique Ancelet-Netter / Language(s): French Issue: 9/2019

Le Disciple (The Disciple) is Paul Bourget’s main work. The book, which was published in 1889, was preceded by a psychological novel, Mensonges (A Living Lie), published in 1887, and followed by a thesis novel, L’Étape, published in 1902, in which this member of the French Academy prefigured and reconfigured the character of the teacher and that of the student. His model teaching figures are the edifying character of the priest-teacher or of the Christian teacher, who support the values of traditional Catholic education, which differ from those of secular teachers. The fictional outline of the characters as well as the author’s diaries shed light on the evolution of the author’s theories about teaching, which were linked to the Catholic faith, showing how his fictional and personal writings developed in parallel.

More...

Download

Le maître et son disciple dans le Manuel de l’arriviste d’Henri Chateau ou comment devenir un arrivé

Author(s): Anna Hanotte-Zawiślak / Language(s): French Issue: 9/2019

Even the form of Henri Chateau’s novel, published in 1901, emphasizes the relationship between a master and his disciple. It uses autobiographical narrative and is based on the advice given by the arrivé to his young follower. The subject places the book among, what we call, arriviste novels – a category of the realist novel developed in 19th century, whose beginnings can be traced back to Stendhal and Balzac. Nevertheless, the structure of the narrative is singular and questions the very principle of arrivisme, inseparable from individualism. This paradox requires a reconsideration of the idea of teaching in such conditions. Our paper analyses the arriviste’s education process and presents the benefits and risks of the relationship between the master and his disciple.

More...

Download

Du disciple au maître : Victor Segalen et Paul Gauguin

Author(s): Agnieszka Kukuryk / Language(s): French Issue: 9/2019

The aim of this paper is to present a particular relationship between the painter and the poet, and to examine the influences of Gauguin’s vision that Segalen calls Maître-du-Jouir on the literary creation of the writer. The two Frenchmen had much in common: a sense of mystery, a fascination with the primitive and the exotic, and a gift for ambiguity. From 1903 until his death in 1919, Segalen’s poetry and prose would, like Gauguin’s art, try to discover the exotic on its own terms while increasingly confronting the limits of the Western artist’s own powers of apprehension. In Les Immémoriaux (translated into English as A Lapse of Memory), Segalen adopts a Maori point of view to comment on Western culture. The author’s greatest feat was breaking with the colonial exoticism of such nineteenth-century writer-travelers as Pierre Loti for example. Where those authors made no pretence about surrendering Western, or even imperial, values while depicting foreign cultures, Segalen, imitating his Master Gauguin, was intensely self-conscious about his depictions of the other in ways that seem especially modern. In his ethnographic novel, Segalen performs a kind of translation from one art to another which is, for him, a creative process by itself.

More...

Download

The master in his disciple’s eye(s). On learning or ecological education in Les Neuf Consciences du Malfini by Patrick Chamoiseau

Author(s): Paul Kana Nguetse / Language(s): French Issue: 9/2019

Les Neuf Consciences du Malfini by Patrick Chamoiseau is a Bildungsroman centred around pedagogical experience of a disciple, and didactic and pedagogical achievements of a master. The educational process based on careful observation and formative imitation of the master, allows the novice to transcend his predatory impulses to reach the stage of ecological responsibility. Unlike the traditional Bildungsroman in which the master mobilizes some multisensory and multimodal devices to relay knowledge or truth, the novel in question confronts the reader with an archetypal "pedagogical" situation, where the master-disciple relationship is not interpersonal, interactive, voluntary or ritualized. Moreover, a pedagogical bond forms not only between the protagonists of the text, but also between the novel and the reader, its target audience. The paper proposes to approach the educational process and the master-disciple relationship from the point of view of ecocriticism, using semiotic analysis of a character. It is argued that by means of the allegorical account, Chamoiseau criticizes anthropocentrism for being the main cause of ecological degradation and advocates horizontality in the human-nature relationship, as a guarantee of ecological balance.

More...

Download

Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt et ses maîtres de bonheur : à la croisée des voies littéraire et musicale

Author(s): Antoaneta Robova / Language(s): French Issue: 9/2019

In some of his works, containing autobiographical elements, Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt reveals the musical origins of his vocation as a writer. He emphasizes the importance of several composers and describes the maieutic method used by his piano teachers. The paper studies the (trans)forming function of learning music, and more specifically the initiation to the works of Mozart, Beethoven and Chopin. Spiritual guides and maîtres à penser, these composers influenced Schmitt’s existential and artistic trajectory and inspired his own esthetic adventure. The salutary encounter with Mozart caused the birth of spiritual love and enabled an acceptance of the writing vocation and initiation of the process of creative transmission. The Mozartian disciple reinvents his vocation and transposes in his literary works some features of the musical philosophy of his masters of wisdom and thus, perpetuates their esthetical and spiritual filiation.

More...