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«Жизнь глядитъ свѣтлѣе…»: Отношения В. П. Мещерского и Ф. М. Достоевского в контексте их переписки

Author(s): Tatyana Viktorovna Panyukova / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 1/2017

All the epistolary exchange between Prince V. P. Meshchersky, publisher of the newspaper-magazine “Grazhdanin”, a prominent politician of the second half of the 19th century in the circle of Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich, the future Emperor Alexander III, and F. M. Dostoevsky covers a period of nine years, beginning from 1872, soon after the return of the writer from abroad, almost until his death. The correspondence provides valuable material on biographies of the correspondents, the publishing history of the weekly “Grazhdanin” (1872–1879), and the attribution of anonymous and pseudonymous articles appeared in the magazine under the editorship of Dostoevsky. It is part of the research of the periodical’s manuscripts “portfolio” in the 1870s. All the letters are provided with textual comments and the necessary cultural and historical review.

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Ф. М. Достоевский, В. П. Мещерский. Переписка (1872–1880).

Author(s): Fёdor Mihajlovich Dostoevsky / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 1/2017

Correspondence between F. M. Dostoevsky and V. P. Meshchersky covers the period of nine years from 1872 till 1880. Their letters contain valuable biographical and literary information on the history of Russian literature and journalism of the 1870's.

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"Wolność albo śmierć". Prolegomena do badań nad twórczością czeczeńskiego barda Timura Mucurajewa

Author(s): Kamila Pączek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 157/2017

The article is a preliminary study of contemporary Chechen bard Timur Mutsuraev and texts of his songs. The underground bard and active participant of the First Chechen War has become a legend and symbol of the Chechen struggle for independence and freedom. Despite strong anti-Russian and Islamic message Mutsu¬raev’s songs are popular not only among independence-oriented Chechens but also among Russian youth. Most of Mutsuraev’s works are patriotic war-songs glorifying national effort to defend Chechnya against Russian aggressors. The artist celebrates Chechen national symbols, myths and ethos. Mutsurayev’s songs are particular in¬teresting subject of study in context of postcolonial theory.

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От поэта к гражданину и обратно: жудожественный текст как поле для эстетической рефлексии Николая Некрасова

Author(s): Vsevolod Lazutin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 155/2016

The article examines one of the key oppositions for Nikolay Nekrasov’s art: “poet vs. citizen”. Contrary to popular opinion, this opposition appears not in the Nekrasov’s poem of the same name in 1856, but much earlier, in during the publication proces of his first verse book Dreams and Sounds. It appears in a critical essay on the young poet’s debut collection, which was written by journalist Vasily Mezhevich. This opposition becomes a topic of long-term thinking for Nekrasov. This reflection develops in some literary texts, where Nekrasov repeatedly simulates the situation related to the failure of his first book. The cycle of reflection completed in 1856 with a poem Poet and Citizen, in which the opposition was removed.

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«Из газет»: начало первой мировой войны в русских поэтических текстах

Author(s): Yulia Minutina-Lobanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 155/2016

This paper concentrates on the Russian poetry in newspapers in summer 1914 about the beginning of the First World War. The analysis revealed the main poetics and subject characteristics of these poems, such as proper nouns abundance, active usage of the historicisms and archaisms, the combination of enthusiastic attitude to war and its perception as irrelevant events etc. Thereby we can evaluate the immediate perception of the beginning of the war by contemporaries and get an overview of poetical and informational context in Russia in July–August 1914.

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Российская еженедельная газета «Завтра» как пропагандист имперской идеологии

Author(s): Rusłan Szoszyn / Language(s): Russian Issue: 155/2016

The article is dedicated to various types of the imperial ideology in “Zavtra” magazine. Conducted analyses lead to conclusion, that the imperial ideology dominates in entire magazine’s writing content, not only in pieces about political affairs, but also about culture or even biographical reviews. The article is also an attempt of analyzing the magazine transformations starting form “perestroika” period till nowadays; from expressing an idea of “ the spirit opposition” to “the imperial ideology” of Russian state.

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Пространство в авторской интерпретации братьев Пресняковых (на примере пьесы ПАБ)

Author(s): Anna Tyka / Language(s): Russian Issue: 149/2015

The article presents the attempt to discuss the concept of space in the play Паб by Oleg and Vladimir Presnyakov. The material, analyzed in the context of contemporary researches concerning space connections in the literature and culture, proves being ambiguous and multiplanar. The author pays attention to the interrelation between constructing the space and presenting the mechanisms of state functioning as well as emphasizes the crucial role of the cultural codes in shaping the spatial relations in the play. Skillful comparison of those codes with new spaces allows to expose the absurdity of power.

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Hamlet et Don Quichotte

Author(s): Francis Claudon / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2017

In the year 1860, Ivan Turgenev delivered a speech at a public reading entitled "Hamlet and Don Quixote". In it, he commented on the concept of man and world (Weltanschauung) which emerged from the English play and the Spanish novel. However, the philosophical and moral interpretation, which he proposed, referred to Tsarist Russia and the problems of the reforms under Alexander II. For example, there existed a clear link between the speech and Turgenev’s novel Fathers and Sons („Отцы и дети“). Hamlet and Don Quixote remind us mainly of the European fates of these two myths, especially the operas Hamlet (1868) by Ambroise Thomas and Don Quichotte (1910) by Massenet. In the early period of Mannerism and Baroque, Hamlet and Don Quixote were accompanied by a third hero: Dr. Faustus, (a legacy from Marlowe), who too, after many relays, inspired the composer Gounod for his famous opera Faust (1859). All this brings us back to the Salon Viardot, whose hosts were close friends with Turgenev. It is easy to imagine that Turgenev was also inspired by the modern commentaries of Sismondi and Louis Viardot. There are many links between West Europe and Russia, between literature and the history of French opera.

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«Друг писателей» М. А. Языков и Ф. М. Достоевский: взаимоотношения в письмах, атрибуция, комментарий

Author(s): Irina Svyatoslavovna Andrianova / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 2/2017

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Yazykov was not a writer, but he deserved well of Russian literature. This man was a friend and an assistant of talented writers that differed in characters and outlook, such as Ivan Panaev, Vissarion Belinsky, Ivan Turgenev, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, Alexander Herzen, Nikolay Ogarev, etc. Meanwhile, the scarce biographical data on his personality, available today, contain some mistakes (he is believed to have occupied an office of his brother Pavel Yazykov, director of the Imperial Glass Factory, etc.). The acquaintance of Fyodor Dostoevsky with Mikhail Yazykov took place in the 1840s. The first mention of which appears in letters of the writer to his brother Mikhail in 1846. The recollection of one of their meetings on 1846–1847 Yazykov conveyed in his letter to the editors of the New Time (1881. No. 1799), where he testified that the writer suffered from a mild form of epilepsy even before the period of hard labor in exile. Since the 1870s relations between Dostoevsky and Yazykov changed into friendship that lasted until the end of the writer’s life, as evidenced by their correspondence. So far, we have got acquainted with one letter of Dostoevsky to Yazykov and with seven letters of Yazykov to the writer. This article reveals new facts of the biography of Mikhail Yazykov, and what is more, represents the attribution of a letter to Dostoevsky dated back to October 14th, 1876, whose author was not identified before. This is the eighth letter of Mikhail Yazykov to the author of “A Writer’s Diary”. The appendix to the article contains the published correspondence between Dostoevsky and Yazykov and the letters of Nikolay Alfimov to Dostoevsky and of Anna Butkevich to Mikhail Yazykov, and the letter to the editors of the “New Time” is reissued here.

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Княжна Н. П. Шаликова — корреспондент Ф. М. Достоевского

Author(s): Alexander Otlivanchik / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 2/2017

In the framework of the study of the editorial archive of the daily “Grazhdanin” (1872-1879) there has been made an attempt of the commented publication of the letters of Shalikova N. P., writer, publicist, free-lance author of the journal “Grazhdanin”, to Dostoevsky F. M. (1815-1878). The article studies the question of the verification of the date put down on Shalikova’s letter to Dostoevsky – the 12th of April of 1877. The author’s date of the letter has been questioned twice, first by A.G. Dostoevskaya who dated it of 1872, and then, by researchers of the Manuscripts Department in the National Library of Russia and by the authors of the reference book “The Description of Dostoevsky’s Manuscripts” (Moscow, 1957), who dated the letter of April 12th, 1874. The analysis of the content of Shalikova’s letter and its comparison with other archival materials shows that the author’s date of the April 12th, 1877 is correct and does not need to be specified.

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Испытание «практической философии», или Два учителя Елены Штакеншнейдер

Author(s): Vladimir Aleksandrovich Viktorovich / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 2/2017

Based on the diaries, memoirs and letters of E. A. Stakenschneider we have revealed a kind of an ideologic novel with the plot concerning spiritual evolution of E. A. Stakenschneider from the revolutionary radicalism of P. L. Lavrov to the Christian conservatism of F. M. Dostoevsky. The problem of "teaching", spiritual leaders for the young generations of the 1860s and 1870s is evoked. Two "Thought Leaders ", who appreciated the spiritual beauty of a "smart hunchback", became her life teachers. She shared Lavrov’s opposition attitude, she was carried away by his uncensored poetry and learned the "practical philosophy" , she critically thought about his amazing width of views, about the combination of faith and scepticism, but the spiritual father of Lavrov considered "him to be a devoted Christian." An aesthetic insight of the young reader manifested itself in her comment made in 1861 about the originality of Dostoevsky’s style: "naturalness of unnaturalness". The experience of a handicapped taught her to deeply empathize with the misfortunes of others and rejoice in happiness of others. Having experienced the "truth" of atheism, she met "A Writer’s Diary" with enthusiasm, when the time of Dostoevsky came, who proclaimed the beginning of Christian anthropology. The article also puts forward a proposal that Elena Andreevna Stakenschneider could have become an archetype of Lisa Khokhlakova in the novel "The Brothers Karamazov".

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Cтарорусские соседи Ф. М. Достоевского

Author(s): Yulia Vyacheslavovna Yukhnovich / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 2/2017

While spending summer time in 1872—1880 in Staraya Russa F. M. Dostoevsky used to meet and to be on friendly terms with various people. Among his acquaintances in Staraya Russa there were priest Ioann Rumyantsev, lieutenant-colonel A. K. Gribbe and his niece A. G. Eliseeva, general E. I. Leontiev, actress of a resort theatre A. P. Orlova, bourgeois A. I. Menshova (the archetype of Grushenka in the novel “The Brothers Karamazov”), journalist P. A. Gaideburov from Saint Petersburg, a married couple Jaclar. Moreover, his circle of acquaintances included the people hardly mentioned in the letters to his wife and those he could know by hearsay only. So, his relations with those people need further investigation. The present article shows the variety of Dostoevsky’s entourage. The contact with his neighbors could largely have an impact on the writer’s creative work.

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К ПРОБЛЕМЕ АВТОБИОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО СМЫСЛА НОВЕЛЛЫ-ПРИТЧИ И. А. ГОНЧАРОВА «УХА»

Author(s): Vladimir Melnik / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 2/2017

The article deals with the parable-short story of I. A. Goncharov “Fish Soup” (“Uha”), written presumably in July-August of 1891. It is aimed at altering the predominating opinion about the writer’s final literary work as a local Simbirsk joke about cuckold husbands and a quick-witted psalm reader. The short story is considerably a literary hoax, that behind the events nay conceal the gospel parable about the confrontation between the “wise and prudent” on the one hand, and passionate believers, “the innocent”, “babies” on the other hand. According to the allusions and reminiscences the short story contains by a trivial story-line about fishing on the Volga the author means a probable scene of the apostleship, where the sexton plays the role of an illiterate Apostle-fisherman, a “Men Fisherman”. This fact completely changes the meaning of the literary work and of its title. The short story reveals the spiritual interest of late Goncharov to people of simple but deep faith. The “Fish Soup” (“Uha”) is imbued by autobiographical motifs of incomprehension of a person by other people. The author defends untouchability of a person’s soul secrete and relies not on human opinion, but on unbiased and merciful justice of Heaven. In Russian literature, Goncharov was the main defender of a human person responsible only to God.

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К истокам лирического конфликта поздней Цветаевой: антиномизм быта и бытия

Author(s): Tatiana Pavlova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2012

This article concerns the antinomic installation of everyday life and life in the later works by Marina Tsvetaeva. The author, referring to Tsvetaeva’s works, highlights the importance of conflict of everyday life and being and shows its «specific» semantic value in Tsvetaeva's poetry. Antinomy of life and existence is modeled through the multiple ontological oppositions of «down – up», «earth – sky», «body – spirit» and others. The author proves that Tsvetaeva’s conflict between everyday life and existence can be solved. Firstly, the romantic mismatch of the world of the earth, associated with a lie, to the world of heaven, which is essentially the ultimate truth, lies in this conflict. Secondly, an important component of this conflict is the love line, which turns out to be a sort of psychological key to conflict of everyday life and existence.

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Поэтика быта: Русская литература XVIII–XXI вв. Международная научная конфереция в Гиссене

Author(s): Ewa Sadzińska / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2012

Conference report: Poetics of life: Russian literature XVIII-XXI centuries. International Scientific Conference in Giessen; 10-12 September 2012 Giessen Germany

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Świece trzykrotnie wypalone

Author(s): Anna Bednarczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/1999

The song of Vladimir Vysotsky Fused candles - this is a lyrical poem about succeeding life and death, about a man killing the world of objects, nature and space, about the repetition of everything. The poem is written with a two-legged anapaest, in odd-numbered lines, hyper-catalytic. Accompanying his musical text is written in a waltz-like rhythm of 3/4. It should be noted that the lexical stress corresponds to the musical stress. The song in question was translated into Polish three times. These were translations of Bojtseh Pashkovich, Vaclav Kalet and Andrzej Mandalyan. Two of them retain the versioning scheme of the original, one (V. Pashkovich) replaces it with repetitive even seven-syllable lines, replacing simultaneously Russian male rhymes with Polish female ones, which, however, does not violate the musical layer of the work. The main element of the lexical-semantic plan of the song is a chain of associations that repeat images-symbols of death and life, and at the same time symbolize repetition. The translated texts are to varying degrees compliant with these images and this composition by V. Vysotsky. Despite the fact that the interpreters used the strategy of reconstruction, design and deconstruction of the text in translation differently, they reacted differently to the musical plan of the work, and in spite of the fact that in their Waxing candles there appeared all kinds of mistakes and inaccuracies, we note that all They tried, as it seems to us, to convey the basic idea of V.Vysotsky's poem and its form - the form of the author's song.

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Словенин «Русской Правды» и словене «Повести временных лет»

Author(s): Nikolay Igorevich Petrov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1 (21)/2017

The term Slovenin from Yaroslav’s Law (1010s) is considered in this article as the basis for interpretation of information about that population at the lake Ilmen’ region, which was named Slovene in the chronicles since the late 1030s. In Yaroslav’s Law Slovenin was opposed to the prince’s Rusin. The Slovenin, like the izgoy mentioned in the immediate neighborhood of him, was not included in the system of relations of the prince’s men, and this system did not determine their social status. The proximity of terms Slovene and Novgorodtzi in the annalistic articles of 1018 and 1036 indicates that the owners of mansions at the boroughs of Novgorod (the local boyars) — and not the inhabitants of Rurik’s hill-fort (original Novgorod) — started to be named as Novgorodians right after transmission of the prince’s residence in the first half of 1010s to the locality, which was called Yaroslav’s Court. Slovenin from Yaroslav’s Law reflects day-to-day ethnosocial lexis of Novgorod in the early 11th century and this makes understandable the political context of begining of perception of Slovene as the name of Novgorodians by Russian annalistic tradition, which was formed during the late 1030s. The Annalist, as is seen from the entry of 1036, did not make difference between Slovene and Novgorodians, but the mention of the latter in Yaroslav’s Law was inadmissible because of the socio-topographic uncertainty of the toponym Novgorod in the 1010s. Annalistic Slovene at the lake Ilmen’ region in the 9th–10th centuries is the secondary and hypothetical concept in relation to Slovenin from Yaroslav’s Law. Actually we know nothing about the existence of ethnonym Slovene somewhere in upper reach of the Volkhov river during the 9th century. The Annalist undoubtedly projected the meaning of the legal term of Yaroslav’s Law to the Novgorod Slovene of annalistic narratives. Thus, the annalistic passage of the difference between the sails of Slovene and Rus’, who participated in the campaign of Oleg to Constantinople, looks like a rather artificial transfer of the problem of their inequality, which was actual for early 11th century Novgorod, to the year 907. At the time when traditions referring to the events of the 9th–10th centuries were fixed by the developed Old Russian annalistic tradition, the term Slovenin from Yaroslav’s Law was not completely forgotten. Reproduction of Slovenin in the extensive edition of Russian Law (the early 12th century) is anachronism but nevertheless it testifies to at least «passive» existence of this ethnosocionym during the whole 11th century. However, the name Slovenin mentioned among other ethnonyms in the canonical answers of the Novgorod Bishop Nifont (1131–1156) seems to have already a wide meaning «Slav», typical for the Old Russian literary tradition.

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Неомифологизм как феномен культуры дальневосточного зарубежья: сюжеты «фронтирной мифологии» в творчестве П.А. Северного

Author(s): Igor Anatolievich Dyabkin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

The article is devoted to the analysis of the «frontier mythology» as a form of Far Eastern emigration neomythological mentality. Steady images of «frontier mythology» are the taiga as a sacred space with its specific laws and taboos, sacred places and objects, tigers, hunters and ginseng-seekers. The focus of the author's research is the «frontier mythology» in P.A. Severniy's works. The article presents analyses of two short-stories Porcelain Chinese shakes his head (1937) and Manchurya's tayga blusters (1960).

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Recenzja: Майка Мария (Скобцова), Готово е сърцето ми. Богословски размисли. Публицистика. Философски анализи, ред. Димитър Попмаринов, Фондация «Покров Богородичен», Издательство «Омофор», София 2016, s. 242.

Author(s): Grzegorz Ojcewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Review of Mother Maria’s (Skobcova) works Bulgarian translation. The work contains Mother Maria’s theological studies, journalistic writing and philosophical works.

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Slovo jako předmět, pohyb, energie

Author(s): Jana Kostincová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2017

The article discusses possible interpretational approaches towards literary texts that cross the borders of the printed page and enter either public or virtual space in the forms of gallery installations, public performances and various genres of electronic literature. It argues that a very ambitious and highly interesting experiment is being pursued in the dynamic area of in-between – a transmedia dimension which generates artefacts that tackle recipients’ visual,aural as well as haptic experience. The author discusses several methodological approaches which can be used to study this kind of artistic utterance and attempts to present and interpret several works that represent transmedia artefacts.

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