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Satirical and humorous in the works of Rashit Nazar

Author(s): Gulkay Samirkhanova / Language(s): English Issue: 02 (25)/2017

Rashit Nazar is a Bashkir poet whose works determine the stage of satire and humour development in Bashkir literature. In his satirical and humorous poems and fables the poet highlights the vital problems of his days which are still topical nowadays. The author exposes the faults of both human character and society in his works. The poet uses the comical and satirical expressive means for creating the comic effect. The endorsement of human ideal is achieved by shaping anti-ideal by means of using allegory, irony, hyperbole, grotesque, paradox, sophism and alogism. The works of Rashit Nazar differ in brightness and metaphorical language, uniqueness of images and incisive satirical pathos.

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DETERMINIRANOST ŽENE BIOLOGIJOM I UNIVERZALIZACIJA ŽENSKE PATNJE U PRIPOVIJETKAMA TURSKE SPISATELJICE ERENDIZ ATASÜ

Author(s): Melinda Botalić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2018

Superiority of a man / husband over a woman / wife in a traditionally conceived patriarchate / marital union is nothing but an image of discrimination of one over the other, where one / man is in a dominant position in relation to the other / woman. One of the theories of personality development advocated by Erik H. Eriksen is based on the conclusion that the development of personality in a woman is based on the fact, who is she married with, that is, a woman can only be complete if she is in a (potential) marriage. The position and roles that the woman performs in the family should not be perceived as the consequences of her sexuality, nor should the roles that society expects from women and men should stand on their way to the construction of their own essence. This standpoint, where the identity of the woman is inseparable from the man's, while men have their own autonomous identity, has been discussed in the tales of the Turkish writer, Erendiz Atasü.

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ROMANDA İÇ KONUŞMA VE BİLİNÇ AKIŞI TEKNİKLERİNİN KULLANILIŞI

Author(s): Betül Mutlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2018

The internal monologue and stream of consciousness techniques are modern narrative techniques. In the classical realistic roman, while the inner life of the novel is usually revealed by the internal analysis technique, the internal analysis technique in the modern roman is inadequate to transfer the truth. In the modern roman, the writers who aim to exhibit the inner world of the novel person want to leave the novel person directly in front of him by reading and using the flow of inner talk and consciousness. The stream of consciousness in Turkish literature is seen for the first time in Tanzimat period writer Recâizade Mahmut Ekrem's Araba Sevdası (1898) Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar and Peyami Safa, who were later influenced by Proust and Joyce, searched for spiritual reality and resorted to techniques for internal monologue and stream of consciousness. The novels of these authors are very important steps for the Turkish novel to reflect a new truth through new techniques. Many later modernist writers have successfully used this technique while reflecting our internal reality. In this study, it is revealed how the techniques of internal speech and consciousness flow are applied in the sampling of selected novels from Turkish literature.

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ORHAN PAMUK’UN AYDINLARI: DOĞULU VE/VEYA BATILI OLMAK YA DA OLAMAMAK

Author(s): Hüseyin Özçelebi / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2018

With literature in the Tanzimat Period, Westernization, or in other words, the issue of East and West was one of the problematics of several people of letters including Ahmet Mithat Efendi, Recaizade Mahmut Ekrem, Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil, Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar, Peyami Safa and Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar. One of the Turkish authors who discussed this problematic is Orhan Pamuk. While this study utilized all of Orhan Pamuk’s novels, it discussed four: Cevdet Bey and His Sons, the White Castle, Silent House, the Black Book. The main problematics of the characters in these novels are East-West, Easternization-Westernization, being Turkish-foreign, ability or inability to be yourself.In Cevdet Bey and His Sons, while discussing philosophical, cultural and economic issues, Pamuk tries to represent the search of the individual, his ostracized nature, his conflict with the society and the system, and the answer to the question “why is Turkey like this and why is Europe like that?” through the eyes of the characters. In Silent House, we learn about how Turkey has progressed through the minds of the narrators. In the White Castle and the Black Book, what concerns the novel characters is the imitation of the West. Imitation would bring happiness for them, because it is impossible to be yourself in this country of losers. Turks who want to buy a dream and become like “others”, would never reach the white castles of the West. Therefore, they would live in this country of losers by always imitating others and they will never be themselves.

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Edirneli Şevki'nin Şiir Anlayışı

Author(s): Musa Tilfarlioğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 11/2018

A literary terms named as Poetika means that poets are caring about literary views and the whole thing of rules while writing poetry. In our study, a poet named Edirneli Şevkî who lived in the sixteenth century and his ideas are under debate about poetry which brings into existence within tradition of Turkish classical poems. He had a private work about this issue.In this article,we try to identify his opinion about poetry which located on the davenport of his poems with couplets.

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Âşık Günay Yıldız’ın Çoban Mirzehan Hikâyesi, Avcı Mustafa İle Şahnizer Sultan Hikâyesi ve Yetim Abdullah İle Selvinaz Sultan Hikâyesinin Epizot ve Motif İncelemesi

Author(s): Sibel Karadeniz Yağmur / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 09/2016

Folk tales carry traces of past and present cultural life and one of the richest and most versatile types of our triditional literature. Three of these tale written by Minstrel Günay Yıldız are Çoban Mirzehan Hikâyesi (ÇMH), Avcı Mustafa ile Şahnizer Sultan Hikâyesi (AMŞSH) and Yetim Abdullah ile Selvinaz Sultan Hikâyesi (YASSH). Günay yıldız has added a new ring of folk tales by classifying these tales. In this study, the common motif structure of ÇMH, YASSH and YASSH were examined. The texts devoted to the episode as well as the motives. Also, doctoral thesis I’ve studied before on ÇMH, YASSH ve YASSH will be introduced to folk literature science. The common motifs of Yıldız written 3 tales were found as shepherds, hunting, marriage, marriage customs, fall in love, fall in love at first sight, love sickness, rich men, magic, dreams, drinking bade love in a dream world, deputy dervish, giving a name to child, change of luck and fate, assistant woman and man, fooled by fraud, deception by fraud, prayer, formalistic numbers, the expression of feelings with poetry, divine minstrels, father mother and son and several fraternities, imprisoning, Pir (patriarch), Hızır (vice holy man), thieves, going abroad to find the love, explaining the things happened, the wedding ceremony and horse. Of these, dream, bade drinking, love, be in love at first sight, going abroad and return to find the loved one, thieves, pir, dervish, putting children name and wedding motifs were commonly come across in all stories.

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Necip Fazıl Kısakürek’in Başmakaleleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Author(s): Fevzi YETKİN / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 03/2015

Şair, yazar ve düşünür Necip Fazıl Kısakürek’in Başmakalelerim adlı üç ciltten oluşan eseri onun fikirlerinin anlaşılması açısından önemli bir kaynak olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu yazımızda onun bu üç ciltlik eserinin geniş bir değerlendirmesini yapacağız. Yerleşik biyografik bilgilerde eksik kaldığını düşündüğümüz insanî yanlarını, dünya görüşünün ince çizgilerini ve siyasal bakışını daha fazla irdeleme fırsatı veren bu eserinden hareketle Necip Fazıl’ı Büyük Doğu Gazetesi, Büyük Doğu Dergisi, Son Posta Gazetesi ve Yeni İstiklal Gazetesi’nde kaleme aldığı makalelerin ışığında bir daha incelemiş olacağız.

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Edebiyatımızda Değişen Yönleriyle Türk Ev Mimarisi

Author(s): Selami Alan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 05/2015

No matter in which era and circumstances he lives, a human has always found a place, a home to shelter. This home can be a cottage made from rambling materials, or it can be a cave carved in the deep sides of a mountain, or it can be a palace for which the most luxurious material used which symbolizes wealth and magnificence. With this regard, a home has been an indispensible/unchanging place for each human. However being indispensible or unchanging is only valid for the need of a home. Otherwise, the structure can change according to the circumstances of the period, geographical state or economic situation of a person. Moreover, it can change according to culture and social structure.Precisely, as human change with the flow of time the perception of home also changes and with this regard it is used as the symbol of cultural change. Literature, which is the mirror of life, is one of the areas where this symbol is used most. In this article, the examples as to the changing home structures and how it reflected to the literature have been analyzed.

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Yirminci Asır Türk Edebiyatı Yazarı Dr. Otto Hachtmann’a Göre Mehmed Âkif

Author(s): Âdem CEYHAN,Yunus Ceyhan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 01/2016

It is widely known that there are publications in various languages such as German, French, Russian, English, and Italian about the biographies and literary personalities of Turkish poets and authors. One of these publications written in a foreign language is Dr. Otto Hachtmann’s German booklet named Die Türkische Literatur des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts (20th Century Turkish Literature). Published in 1916, Leipzig, this work provides information about thirteen Turkish poets and authors. The poets and authors whose biographies, works and literary personalities appear in the book are as follows: Cenab Şehabeddin, Mehmed Rauf, Hüseyin Cahid, Faik Ali, Yakub Kadri, Mehmed Âkif, Celal Sahir, Ali Canib, Ahmed Hikmet, Halide Edib, Aka Gündüz, Mehmed Emin, and Ziya Gökalp. Dr. Hachtmann, who stated that he utilized Nevsâl-i Millî as he was writing the biographies of the authors in question, introduced and made comments about some Turkish poets and authors, as well as their works, and he sometimes made comparisons among the people and the texts he dealt with. Another remarkable feature of this booklet with regard to Turkish literary history is that it contains information about a number of works translated into German from the works of the mentioned literary authors. In this study, the chapter of the aforementioned booklet on Mehmed Âkif has been discussed. After an introductory part with evaluations, Turkish translation of the relevant pages has been presented. In this text, which is considered among the oldest biographies of Mehmed Âkif, there are accurate evaluations as well as mistakes and evaluation errors.

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Pend-Nâme Türü Açısından Sıdkî’nin Risâle-İ Rufekâ Adlı Eseri

Author(s): Nermin Çamalan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 01/2016

Pend-nâme is the general name for the books of advice in Turkish Literature penned to show people the straight path. Advice books were written under the influence of Iranian Literature on Turkish Literature, and the purpose was to teach a moral system of Sufism thereby. First example of this literature was Feridüddin- i Attar’s advice book, which became a model for subsequent books. In this study, the similarity of the content of Risâle-i Rufekâ of Sıdkî, an author who lived in the last period of the Ottoman Empire, to the advice books has been analyzed. The paper discusses the discourse in Risâle-i Rufekâ of Sıdkî on twelve sufistik advices to reach God.

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Âsaf Hâlet Çelebi’nin Bütün Şiirleri’nin Yeni Baskısı Üzerine

Author(s): Can Şen / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 01/2016

The review of: “All Poems” by Âsaf Hâlet Çelebi; Everest Yayınları; 2015

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Nesimi’yi ve Hurufilik’i Ne Kadar Tanıyoruz?

Author(s): V. Çağla Karsli / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 01/2016

The review of: “Nesimi ve Hurufilik Kitabı” by Özer Şenödeyici; Kesit Yayınları 2015

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Yahyaoğlu’nun ‘Yavuz Gözden Yavuz Dilden’ Redifli Gazeli, Bu Gazele Yazilan Nazîreler Ve Ahmed Paşa’nin Yahyaoğlu’na Nazîresi

Author(s): Tuncay Öztürk / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 03/2017

The use of rhyme and redif in poetry is directly related to poetic harmony. Redif is repeated systematicaly at the end of the lines of a poem, which provides a sense of integrety and harmony. In Classical Turkish Literature, nazîre is identified as a poem which is written to a poet’s poetic work, in the same meter and rhyme by another poet. The use of joint redif is quite common in this poetry. This study consists of four parts. The first part is the introduction section and general information about nazire and harmony will be given. In the second part, the meaning of the word "yavuz" and its use in Turkish poetry will be discussed. In the third chapter, it will be revealed that Ahmed Pasha's poem "Yavuz gözden yavuz dilden" is a redif poem. In section 4 the results will be summarized.

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Birrî Mehmed Dede Divâni'nda Âyetlerden İktibâslar

Author(s): Rasih ERKUL / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 03/2017

Broadly speaking, behind every literary movement can be found a sort of heritage, both intellectual and cultural. As it is the case in the other countries’ literature, the Turkish literature too has its own rich and different sources which constitute some parts of the literature such as feelings, ideas, imagination, and social tendencies and inclinations, etc. Poets and writers of the literature in question try to explain all these in their works. One of the sources that Divan poets use is the Koran. As a result, in this context, we can say that the Koran is one of the sources that poets make use of. Poets use the Koranic verses, which guide people in various manners, quoting these verses either as “meaning” or as “words.” Because, as unshakable principles of the religion these verses are at the same time are the principles of the social life in which the poet himself lives. Birrî Mehmed Dede too, as one of these poets, who uses this source in his poetry by quoting some verses from the Koran. In addition to his eulogy poems such as lyric poems and date poems he also use verses in other types of poetry. Birrî gives examples showing that he himself is aware of the difference between “ahsen” quotation (the more or the most beautiful) and “hasen” quotation (the beautiful). The examples he gives indicate that he understands and he is able to use this art in poetry.

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Halk Hikâyesi İle Modern Roman Arasinda Kalmiş Bir İzmir Romani: Ağanin Oğlu

Author(s): Muzaffer Çandır / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 03/2017

The novel Aganın-Oglu was published by Raif Nezih Atakul in 1926 in İzmir. In terms of its size it is a long story written in a style of a short novel, and it has still been not published in the new alphabet. Only a few novels were published in Izmir and this novel is one of them and it was recognized by the world of literature. The importance of this writing is that it is a historical folk novel and at the same time it is a folk story. Partly a folk story, it can be identified as a text between a folk story and a modern novel. The main story line of this novel proceeds through the life of two landowners, father and son, and the betrayal of women and that one must never trust them, while describing the lifestyle of Izmir in those years when the action of the novel takes place.

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Yeni Türk Şiirinde Akrep

Author(s): Asuman Gürman Şahin / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 01/2018

One of the most dangerous and eerie animals of the nature, scorpion has long been used as a motif or symbol from antiquity to present. As an element frequently encountered in mythology, epics, tales, religious texts, reliefs, astrology, cosmology, people's beliefs and practices, the scorpion has also become a poetic symbol. The scorpion symbol as a polysemantic signifier in Turkish poetry tradition, has also continued to be associated with a wide range of ideas in New Turkish poetry. The purpose of this study is to identify the semantic world in which the scorpion symbol appears in the context of New Turkish Poetry.

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“Lutfî” Mahlasli Bir Şairimizin Manzum Bir Eseri: Nazm-I Nesr-İ Leâl

Author(s): Âdem CEYHAN,Hasan Yilmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 01/2018

There are lots of literary works in Turkish literature about morals and mannners. Some of these books are made up of the words of prophets, caliphs, philosophers, sufis, and kings among others. Nesrü’lle’alî’ provides an example of such literary works on morals. Nesrü’lle’alî’ is the sum of the words of Hz. Ali who was the bridegroom and the relative of Muhammad the Prophet, and he is also the fourth caliph. This book is composed of 280 words and these words are arranged in alphabetical order. Yahyâ bin Abdünnebî using the pseudonym of Lutfî composed a book “Nazm-ı Nesr-i Leâl” which includes 100 beautiful words from “Nazm-ı Nesr-i Leâl”. “Nazm-ı Nesr-i Leâl” is translated into our language in the form of poetry. The translater starts his book with an introduction in prose. Here, he explains where and why the book was written, and then the book is completed with the translation of Arabic words in quartets. This paper first provides a review on Lutfî’s work and then, introduces a modern Turkish translation of the text based on the only written copy of the book.

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Cengiz Aytmatov’un Hikâye Ve Romanlarinda Çevre Duyarliliği

Author(s): Özlem Nemutlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Special/2018

Chingiz Aitmatov, represents himself as a writer who is in love with of nature in his works. The fact that the environment he was born into has matchless natural wonders has great influence upon this. When evaluated chronologically, his works are observed to discuss the relationship between human and nature through a changing and evolving perspective as a result of the political and social transformations he witnessed. During the era in which he had faith in the Soviet regime, nature is represented in an idealized way, through depictions of such activities as fields being processed with machines. “The White Rain” and “My First Teacher” are works that were written through this perspective. “The Camel Eye” and Farewell Gülsarı, on the other hand, shows the signs of the disappearence of such idealizations. The theme of destruction of nature is presented as the core of political interests in works such as Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years, The Dreams of a She-Wolf and When the Mountains Fall Down: Eternal Bride. The source of Aitmatov’s success is his ability to fictionalize these processes meticulously.

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MEHMED FUAD KÖPRÜLÜ’NÜN VE ERWIN PANOFKSY’NİN SANAT YAPITI İNCELEME YÖNTEMLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Author(s): Büşra İncirkuş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 45/2018

Mehmed Fuad Köprülü has presented how to solve Turkish Literature with European sciences and methods by his article “Usul in Turkish Literature History” written in 1913. The method involved in this article is of three stages; shape, subject and essence. In the first stage of the shape section, it is examined the poem or the writing is written which measure and how it is written. In the subject section, the subject of work is presented in detail. In the essence part which is the last chapter, the information analyzed in the section of shape and subject is synthesized and content is present. From this point of view, it appears that Panofsky overlaps with the three-stage theory of primary or natural meaning (pre-iconographic stage), secondary or convergent meaning (iconographic stage) and internal meaning or content (iconological stage). In the primary or natural meaning (pre-iconographic) stage is examined the formal elements in the work of art. It reflects the same expressions as the shape title in Köprülü’s article. In the secondary or convergent (iconographic) stage is located the subject of work, symbols and identities. This stage includes the information that Köprülü examined in the subject heading. In the inner meaning or content (iconological) stage, the information analyzed in the primary meaning and the secondary sense are synthesized and the content of the work is revealed. It is interesting that both theories have the same stages when examining the artwork. Köprülü makes you think that he is a writer who passed the age of sixteen years before Panofsky had done such a study.

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Dokuzuncu Hariciye Koğuşu’nda Kitaplarla İlgili Çağrışimlar

Author(s): Mehmet Nur Karakeçi / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 38/2018

In the Dokuzuncu Hariciye Koğuşu novel by Peyami Safa, the individual analyzes the soul in various ways. In novel, attention is paid to the effects of the events on the individual and they are brought down to the depths of the human soul and the subconscious desires are tried to be brought out to the minds. An analytical novelist Peyami Safa, looks at the event and the material with a psychological care. The consciousness of the characters are formed by the unconscious. In doing so, he uses the contemporary accounts of the psychoanalysis. Especially the free association that Sigmund Freud finds has an important place in the novel. It is quite striking that at a time when the Turkish novel is about political and social affairs, Peyami Safa succeeds in a way that reflects a person’s inner world. Peyami Safa in this novel reflects the character’s inner world in various associations with the reader. The most important of these associations are the books. The literary narratives are the arrows of the doors of different worlds of meaning. The reader, actively participates in this reading act. The text leads to a new formation, with every reading and interpretation of the act. In this context, the reader is, as Akşit Göktürk points out, the partner of every summer work. This study aimed at examining with the contemporary methods of psychoanalysis that the literary work contained the world of multi-layered meanings, the issue held in the frontline became "work".

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