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Rosyjskie modele zdań ze znaczeniem żalu w konfrontacji z językiem polskim

Author(s): Zofia Czapiga / Language(s): Polish Issue: 131/2010

The article discusses Russian sentences of the adverbial-predicative type with the meaning of mercy, with Dative of the subject, in comparison with Polish language. The main model with predicates жалко, жаль, обидно, неприятнo (N (Pron)d cop Adv) undergoes certain structural and semantic alterations: 1. N (Pron)d cop Adv Na/g; 2. (cop) Adv; 3. N (Pron)d cop Adv Inf; 4. N (Pron)a cop Adv; 5. Nn Adv Vf; 6. Adv, что... In most cases Polish material preserves this type of structures, but other models can appear as well. In such cases usually it is the type of subject that differs, not its semantic features. Russian predicates with the meaning of mercy have in Polish language, apart from lexical, also textual equivalents, e.g. another adverb (usually a synonym), adjective, noun or verb.

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Problem przekładu wykrzykników

Author(s): Iwona Malinowska / Language(s): Russian Issue: 130/2010

Interjections very often turn up to be neglected by translators. The analysis aims to illustrate the various ways of translation of exclamations, including total omission of them. The aim of the article is to distinguish three groups according to different adequacy of translation. Examples show a very wide range of exclamations translation ways for a translator. The collected material for the research is taken from the original Russian and Polish literary works that range from 19th to 21st century and their renderings.

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Prawostronna łączliwość rzeczowników odczasownikowych z formantem zerowym w polskich i rosyjskich tekstach naukowych

Author(s): Zofia Czapiga / Language(s): Polish Issue: 127/2009

The article discusses the problem of right-hand collocations of verbal nouns with zero formative in Polish and Russian academic writings. Nominalisation, as an implicational predicate, is a very useful tool for the sentence compression, and therefore it is widely used in academic style. Such lexical items open free space to their right for other nouns, among which Genitive case forms without a preposition are dominant. Prepositional collocations are quite diverse: do, bez, z Ng; na Na; z, za, w, między Ni; o, na Nl in Polish and с, из, для, без, от Ng; к, по Nd; на, в, под Na; с, между Ni; на, в, при Nl in Russian. In single cases the forms of Instrumental case without a preposition appear, and — in Russian texts only — the form of infinitive. The dependent elements introduce subjective, objective and attributive meanings.

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Ekwiwalencja polskich czasowników przyjechać, dojechać, zajechać i czasowników rosyjskich приехать, доехать, заехать

Author(s): Leokadia Strycz-Przebinda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 128/2009

The article deals with three verbs — zajechać, dojechać and przyjechać — in Polish and Russian. The meaning, syntax and — partially — word-formational character is concerned here. Although the mentioned verbs seem to be very similar in both of the languages, the meaning is not totally the same. As for Polish, in some cases they can be used alternatively in specific syntactic contexts. In Russian, however, this concerns only two of those: приехать and доехать. It’s also distinctive here that заехать does not have the basic meaning of reaching the border.The work indicates as well ways of expressing that same meaning in other Slavonic languages, those that are more similar to Western ones. Polish and Russian language are analyzed more precisely concerning meanings created by prefixes in verbs dealing with move. The way of describing these verbs in dictionaries has also been included. Леокадия Стырч-Пшебинда

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Subiekt semantyczny w rosyjskich zdaniach typu никому нельзя верить w porównaniu z językiem polskim

Author(s): Anna Rudyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 128/2009

The article deals with the way of expressing a semantic subject in Russian sentences of the type Никому нельзя верить and their Polish equivalents. The semantic subject can be conveyed explicitly in the form of the dative case. It can also appear from the context or remain unnamed due to meaning generalization or the absence of information concerning its referent. The personal flexion of the verb can express the subject in Polish translations well.

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ROLA LEKSYKI W KSZTAŁTOWANIU KOMPETENCJI KOMUNIKACYJNEJ CUDZOZIEMCÓW (NA MATERALE JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO I SŁOWEŃSKIEGO)

Author(s): Bożena Ostromęcka-Frączak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2013

The author shows the role of vocabulary in the process of developing the communicative competence in foreigners. She takes notice of “false friends”, which constitute a fair amount of the basic vocabulary. For Polish and Slovene this amount oscillates around 10%. If international words and the vocabulary inherited from the Proto–Slavic language were not taken into account, this amount would rise to 24–25%. The researcher gives examples of how false friends cause interference in communication, misunderstandings, or humor. In the process of developing the communicative competence in foreigners, one must also pay attention to collocations. Every language includes words that are non-existent in other languages. These words often express ideas specific to the given culture and the collective experience of the people who speak the given language. Among these, we can find the so called ethnologisms, historisms, and culturisms, which can only be taught through description.

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POLSKI I SŁOWEŃSKI DIABEŁ NIE TAKI STRASZNY…

Author(s): Maria Wtorkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2013

The article deals with comparative phraseology. It compares phraseological units which can be found in the textbook Nie taki diabeł straszny… Podręcznik frazeologii dla obcokrajowców [The devil is not as black…Textbook of phraseology for foreigners] by E. Rybicka with the corresponding Slovene phraseological units. The main criterion for the division was that of formal and semantic correspondence, based on the semantics and the structural form of the phraseological equivalent. We examined which of the phraseological units have identical, similar or different structure, which carry the same or different meaning and what is the scope of their usage in both languages. The comparative analysis demonstrated three main types of equivalency – full, partial and substitutionary.

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POLAK I POLSKA W WYBRANYCH PODRĘCZNIKACH DO NAUKI JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO JAKO OBCEGO W KONFRONTACJI Z POSTRZEGANIEM TYCHŻE PRZEZ SŁOWEŃCÓW

Author(s): Maria Magdalena Nowakowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2013

The article presents a comparison of the image of Poland and Poles as seen in selected textbooks for learning Polish as a foreign language, with the image of them as seen by the Polish philology students in Ljubljana. It seems that the presented image of Poland and Poles in textbooks is false, idealized, which may result from the desire to be presented in a positive manner, especially in comparison with other European countries. It should be emphasized that it complies with programming guidelines of the European Union and is very different from the students’ perceptions regarding Poland and Poles, which results from stereotypes. Therefore, when using such a textbook, the role of a teacher, who can balance the disparities between the material from the textbook and material from other sources, is very important.

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NAUCZYĆ PROŚBY: ZAGADNIENIA INTERFERENCJI JĘZYKOWO-KULTUROWEJ W NAUCZANIU JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO JAKO OBCEGO W ŚRODOWISKU ROSYJSKOJĘZYCZNYM

Author(s): Helena Borysiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2013

The article deals with the issues of teaching the genre of the polite request to Russian-speaking students. The author underlines that in spite of the fact that Polish and Russian are rather close to each other while being the Slavonic languages, there still remains more differences than similarities in this domain. For example, there is no absolute similarity between the Polish proszę and the Russian прошу. The author analyzes the textbooks for teaching Polish as a second language and arrives to the conclusion that most of them teach only one type of the request formula, which proves to be not as neutral and universal as we used to think. The final part of the article contains the author’s suggestions concerning the ways to introduce more diverse formulas of the Polish polite request to the material being taught.

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GLOTTODYDAKTYCZNA WARTOŚĆ TEKSTU HYBRYDALNEGO W NAUCZANIU JĘZYKA OBCEGO (NA MATERIALE JĘZYKA ROSYJSKIEGO I POLSKIEGO)

Author(s): Halina Kudlińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2013

The subject of the analysis is hybrid (creolized, multicode) text as a genre belonging to the so called new culture of writing, whose characteristic feature is the domination of visuality, of pictorial representation in the production of texts. Nowadays, creolized texts exert significant influence on textuality and on the cultural communication process in the young generation. They also have a considerable educational value in the process of foreign language teaching. The examination of selected sub-genres of Russian and Polish hybrid messages (demotivators and public service ads) has proved the following: 1) creolized texts usually play the ludic and the attractive (fascination) function; 2) despite their miniature, compact form they constitute an integrated verbal-visual unit of expression of big semantic capacity; 3) information arrangement (narrative structure) is built through a peculiar way of configuring verbal and iconic signs, such that accounts for a whole cultural system of their potential references. The textual category under scrutiny seems to comply with the model of “integrating didactics”, which takes into account the holistic character of learning processes since it enables the learners to fully engage in the didactic process and facilitates the forming of linguistic knowledge as well as sociocultural and communicative competence.

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TEKSTY PUBLICYSTYCZNE W PROGRAMIE KURSU JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO DLA GRUPY EKONOMICZNEJ

Author(s): Grażyna Balkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2013

The article includes the review of the newest handbooks used in teaching economy and Polish in business. It justifies the need of including journalistic texts in the language course program. It also proposes a set the criteria of texts selection: currentness of the topics, connection with the area of future studies, making use of students' knowledge and language skills determined by vocabulary, syntax complexity, reality knowledge, clarity of reasoning, the manner of dispute. The article lists the positive effects of including journalistic texts. They include the broadening of students' knowledge, the development of particular language skills, the improvement in teacher-student relationship, the enhancement of motivation, and the development of students` intellectual independence. The author describes different lesson plans with the use of journalistic texts, at the same time stressing the possibility of introducing various learning strategies and techniques.

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TEKST REKLAMY NA LEKCJI JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO JAKO OBCEGO

Author(s): Marta Skura / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2011

The paper discusses the use of advertising texts in Polish language classes for foreigners. These kinds of advertisements constitute an interesting pedagogical tool because they contain a multitude of themes, and serve as a rich grammatical-lexical vehicle providing social and cultural knowledge about Poland.

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NAZWA WŁASNA JAKO TEKST KULTURY W NAUCZANIU JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO JAKO OBCEGO

Author(s): Beata Afeltowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2011

Language is the most important component of culture. Teaching a foreign language is, to a large extent, introducing information on the lexical system of language, which also includes proper names. Using them, a teacher of Polish can provide information about all the material and spiritual achievements of Poles. This article aims to show the components of the Polish culture, encoded in the onomastic layer of the Polish language (in antroponyms, toponyms and other categories of proper names) that are curricular content of the Polish language courses for foreigners at the A1 level. The source of language material was the textbook Hurra!!! Po polsku 1 by Małgorzata Małolepsza and Aneta Szymkiewicz. The analysis of names present in this manual leads to the conclusion that the introduction of information about these names completes the teaching process with intercultural education. What is more, it also contributes to a better understanding of and respect for the student’s own culture and cultures of other nations.

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TEKSTY W NAUCZANIU UKRAIŃCÓW ŁĄCZLIWOŚCI LEKSYKALNO-SEMANTYCZNEJ CZASOWNIKÓW POLSKICH

Author(s): Ałła Krawczuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2011

The article deals with the problem of lexical and semantic collocations – systematic, normative, and idiomatic. The focus is on the analysis of collocations which are problematic for Ukrainians studying Polish, and the most frequent types of mistakes made by Ukrainian students are analyzed. Text exercises using lexical and semantic collocations including prefixal verbs are proposed for advanced Ukrainian-speaking learners.

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BŁĘDY INTERFERENCYJNE W PRACACH PISEMNYCH SŁOWEŃCÓW UCZĄCYCH SIĘ JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO JAKO OBCEGO

Author(s): Katarzyna Bednarska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2011

The article describes the role that a learner’s native language plays in his second language acquisition. It is based on the results of an analysis of morphological errors performed on a corpus of papers written by Slovene students of Polish Philology at the University of Ljubljana. The results show that students make numerous errors caused by negative language transfer. The conclusion is that the analysis of these mistakes may help predict and eliminate some of them.

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ZINDYWIDUALIZOWANA METODA KOMUNIKACYJNA NAUCZANIA JĘZYKÓW SŁOWIAŃSKICH A NAUCZANIE JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO JAKO OBCEGO

Author(s): Danuta Gałyga / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2011

A. Awdiejew’s individualized communicative method is focused on developing speaking and listening skills. The teaching material contains authentic journalistic texts from radio and TV programs, in the sound and graphic version. The teacher’s role is to choose interesting, effective materials that would encourage communication. This method emphasizes creative exercises that promote spontaneity and improvisation and take into consideration the needs and interests of the students.

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Этнонимы в русских и польских лексикографических работах

Author(s): Leonarda Dacewicz / Language(s): Russian Issue: 14/2014

Comparative analysis of Russian and Polish ethnonyms shows both similarities and distinctions of lexical strata in these cognate Slavic languages. One of the reasons of discrepancy in Russian and Polish ethnonymical vocabularies is different suffixes, which are used in ethnonyms formation. The most productive suffix in Russian is -ец, in Polish – -czyk. There are ethnonyms in the dictionaries of the Russian language but there are not ones in the dictionaries of the Polish language (for instance, Słownik języka polskiego, red. M. Szymczak). There are three grammatical forms of Russian ethnonyms (forms of masculine and feminine gender and the plural form) and two forms of Polish equivalents (only the forms of masculine and feminine gender) in Russian-Polish Dictionaries. It is difficult to form the plural of less known Polish ethnonyms. One have to find these forms in special dictionaries (Słownik nazw własnych).

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Osobliwe konstrukcje składniowe w polszczyźnie kowieńskiego tygodnika „Chata Rodzinna” (1922–1940), analogiczne do struktur rosyjskich

Author(s): Tamara Graczykowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2014

The article presents the peculiar syntax structures excerpted from the weekly “Chata Rodzinna” published in Kaunas from 1922 to 1940. The language of the “Chata Rodzinna” is characteristic of numerous divergences in relation to obligatory rules of general Polish in a 20–year period between the First and Second World Wars. We can observe many differences in syntax compared to general Polish in discussed period. The most of them appeared under the influence of Russian language. Only a portion of origin syntax structures are demonstrated here; only those that were unknown at the earlier stages of the Northern Borderland Polish language. The author listed 28 peculiar syntax structures analogous to Russian structures. Almost all the features still function in the Postwar Northern Borderland Polish language. 18 structures were registered in the interwar period and only 6 in the Kaunas and Żmudzki sources.

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Nazwiska Polskie Derywowane Od Nazw Narzędzi Rolniczych

Author(s): Zenon Lica / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2014

The aim of the article is to analyse appellatives, recorded in the Dictionary of surnames used in Poland in the 21st century, which were derived from Polish and German names of agricultural tools. Personal names created in this manner indivisualised a person, indicating his profession according to the metonymic model DOER FOR INSTRUMENT. The surnames subject to analysis were: Brona, Ger. Egge, Cep, Ger. Flegel, Kosa, Ger. Sense, Lemiesz, Ger. Pflugschar, Pług, Ger. Pflug, Radło, Ger. R¨uhrpflug, Sierp, Ger. Sichel, Socha, Ger. Hakenpflug. At the moment of their creation, these surnames were characteristic of lower social strata: peasants or craftsmen. The nominainstrumenti carrier could have been the user or the maker of a given tool. The surnames are then vehicles of content and values connected with a particular individual, thus fulfilling the culture-forming function.

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XV Międzynarodowa Konferencja Slawistyczna „Polsko-wschodniosłowiańskie kontakty językowe, literackie, kulturowe. Historia, stan obecny i perspektywy rozwoju”

Author(s): Marzanna Karolczuk,Anna Romanik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2014

Place: Olsztyn Date: 28-29 June 2013

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