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CUVINTELE ROMÂN-MOLDAV-VALAH ÎN LIMBA POLONĂ CA ATESTARE A CONTACTELOR CULTURALE DIN ZONA CARPATICA

Author(s): Joanna Porawska / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2005

Acest tip de cercetare, propus mai jos, se încadrează în viziuna etno- lingvisticii actuale care se ocupă cu cercetarea interdependenţei dintre limbă, cultură şi civilizaţie, adică coordonatele pe care funcţionează limba. Tratată nu numai ca mijloc şi posibilitate de comunicare între oameni, limba este descrisă ca fapt socio¬cultural. Numim imagine lingvistică a lumii posibilitatea de exprimare a realităţii prin intermediul limbii care transpare în lexic, în frazeologie şi metafore, elemente păstrătoare ale atestării etapelor anterioare ale civilizaţiei.

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CHARAKTERYSTYKA WYBRANYCH LEKSEMÓW Z ZAKRESU „CZŁOWIEK I ŚWIAT DUCHOWNY”

Author(s): Helena Krasowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2005

W niniejszym artykule zajmę się charakterystyką wybranego słownictwa polskojęzycznych Górali bukowińskich mieszkających dziś w sześciu wsiach na Bukowinie podzielonej między Rumunię a Ukrainą.

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FRANCÚZSKE A RUMUNSKÉ EKVIVALENTY SLOVIES VYJADRUJÚCICH "REČ" ZVIERAT V SLOVENČINE

Author(s): Peter Kopecký / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2004

Slovesá, ktoré budú predmetom našej štúdie, sú vâčšinou onomatopojického pôvodu. Postupne sa však vytvarali aj slovesá, ktoré už nepripomlnali vyhradne onomatopejické alebo zvieracie zvuky.

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Jazykové neistoty používateľov slovenčiny v oblasti pravopisu veľkých písmen vo vlastných osobných menách

Author(s): Romana Krolčíková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/2022

Vlastné mená (propriá) ako pomenovania jedinečnej osoby, zvieraťa alebo neživého predmetu majú identifikačnú funkciu a slúžia na rozlíšenie jednotlivín v rámci toho istého druhu, pričom v písomnej komunikácii na ich odlíšenie od všeobecných podstatných mien (apelatív) používame veľké začiatočné písmeno. V článku sa zameriavame predovšetkým na pravopisnú rovinu špecifickej skupiny antroponým, ktorou sú vlastné osobné mená. Patria k nim rodné mená, priezviská, prímená, domácke podoby mena, zdrobneniny mien osôb a prezývky.

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Przyimki na, w oraz do przed nazwami państw, krajów i krain. Historia i współczesne wahania normatywne

Author(s): Marek Łaziński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article presents historical changes of prepositions preceding names of states, countries, and regions in Polish with the main focus on the contemporary discussion about the choice of the prepositions with names of eastern neighbours of Poland. According to dictionaries and grammars these names: Ukraina, Białoruś, and Litwa require the preposition na instead of the locative w and the adlative do, which are typical for the vast majority of land names, except for islands and peninsulas. Query in historical corpora since the 17th century showed that the preposition na had proliferated in reference to regions which belonged to the same country, importantly, not only with reference to Poland. It is also attested for pats of the Jagiellonian dynastic union or lands that had belonged to states that ruled parts of Poland under Partition. Despite this tendency, before the 19th Century, the preposition most frequently used with the names Litwa and Ukraina were the locative w and the adlative do. The traditional use of w and do in the past, typical colocations of na with regions rather than independent states, an animated discussion in the media, and the fluctuation of norm attested in the dictionaries of the last century – all these factors weigh in favour of admitting both prepositional patterns: na and w/do with the names of three states, eastern neighbours of Poland. The article was written a year before the Russian aggression against Ukraine, which changed the typical usage in Polish public discourse in favour of the prepositions w and do that seem to stress the independence of the invaded state.

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Metodologia synchronicznego słowotwórstwa strukturalistycznego – przeszłość w polskich badaniach słowotwórczych czy ich trwałe zaplecze?

Author(s): Iwona Burkacka,Iwona Kaproń-Charzyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article reflects on the evolution of Polish word-formation research conducted over the last two decades. The authors present the scope of using structuralist word-formation methodology to answer the question of its solidity. To this end, they analyse its conceptual framework, issues that are investigated and described in linguistics as well as the application of this methodology in interdisciplinary research.

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Językowy comeback, czyli przywrócone archaizmy

Author(s): Agnieszka Piela / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The basic aim of the article is to reflect upon the term “restored archaism”. It turns out that studies on the lexis reintroduced to language have occupied a marginal place for more than 20 years in Polish linguistics. One may indicate various reasons why more comprehensive analyses of this kind are not conducted, e.g. the insufficiently archaic status of the reactivated words, the transient, accidental nature of the vocabulary that has been revived or the problems associated with the excerpting of the material base. The very understanding (the narrow/broad/blurred sense) of the term under discussion is also associated with some problems, which is directly associated with the researcher’s lack of confidence as far as the establishment of the status of the forms that are restored to a language are concerned. The problem that was indicated is treated in the article not only as a theoretical problem but also as a part of an analysis of specific words.

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Intensiwa typu orobić się w potocznej polszczyźnie regionalnej

Author(s): Renata Kucharzyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The subject of the article are the verbs with the prefix o- and the postfix się, e.g. orobić się ‘to work very hard, toil’, oczekać się ‘to wait a long time’, which semantically indicate the intensity of action. The analysis takes into account formal, semantic and functional aspects. The reasons for the frequent occurrence of such derivatives in colloquial Polish are also discussed.

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Sposoby tworzenia habitatywów przez uczniów klas piątych – wyniki badań własnych

Author(s): Ewelina Zając / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The topic of the names of residents has already been dealt with on various levels - from the linguistic, lexical and historical perspective, ethnonyms were discussed in literary works and dictionaries, but few publications have developed ways of creating demonyms by children and adolescents - hence the topic was taken up. The aim of the article is to present and discuss the lexical material concerning the names of inhabitants of countries. The material was collected on the basis of a survey conducted among fifth-grade students of a primary school in the Turek district in the Wielkopolska voivodship. The task of the respondents was to create 34 demonyms. The presented analysis concerns the methods of creating demonyms, taking into account word-formation techniques.

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Wpływy francuskie w polskim słownictwie sekwatywnym XVI wieku

Author(s): Agnieszka K. Kaliska,Paulina Michalska-Górecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The purpose of this article is to discuss the French influences on Polish sectarian names, the so called nomina sequativa, of the Reformation era. French influences are understood here broadly – not only in lexical terms, as borrowings, but also as a reflection of some principal elements of the French Reformation in the Polish language. The lexical material was excerpted from the Dictionary of the Polish Language of the 16th Century. Three types of names were distinguished depending on their lexical root: those that are derived from an anthroponym, those created from a toponym and those that are based on a characteristic feature of a given religion. While the factors initiating French-Polish contacts in the 16th century include the reign of Henry III of France, Poles going to France to study or local teachers coming from France to Poland, the material analyzed in this article shows that one such factor was also the Reformation.

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Sprawozdanie merytoryczne z działalności Towarzystwa Miłośników Języka Polskiego w 2021 roku

Author(s): Jakub Bobrowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

W roku 2021 Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego liczyło 433 członków zrzeszonych w 20 oddziałach. Realizując działania statutowe, Towarzystwo prowadziło działalność trojakiego rodzaju: 1) organizacyjną, 2) popularyzatorską, 3) wydawniczą. Ze względu na wciąż trwającą epidemię choroby COVID-19 była ona w dwóch pierwszych punktach utrudniona w porównaniu z poprzednimi latami, jednak przeniesienie spotkań i innych form aktywności do Internetu pozwoliło Towarzystwu z powodzeniem realizować zadania statutowe.

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Upgrade’ować czy upgradować? Wahania w zapisie czasowników zapożyczonych (zakończonych w języku angielskim na e nieme)

Author(s): Iwona Burkacka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The subject of the article is fluctuations in the notation of some newer verbal borrowings from English. The main issue is the formulation of normative recommendations which concern the spelling of verbs which in the original notation end with a silent e.

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Neologizmy swoich epok. Słownictwo i frazeologia języka polskiego II połowy XX – początku XXI wieku świadectwem realiów życia i pracy

Author(s): Włodzimierz Wysoczański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

Starting with the recognition of neologisms as characteristic “recorders of epochs”, the object of consideration is the new lexis of the Polish language of the second half of the 20th century through early 21st century, treated as a testimony to a specific social time. By presenting, in line with the aim of the article, the realities of life and work in the light of vocabulary and phraseology, it is to demonstrate the specific spheres of social life and the circumstances of functioning in the social space.

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Szczepionka, śmiercionka, trupionka. Modelowanie znaczeń słowa w dyskursie antyszczepionkowym związanym z pandemią SARS-CoV-2

Author(s): Beata Duda,Ewa Ficek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The article discusses methods of modelling the szczepionka (‘vaccine’) lexeme meanings in the anti-vaccine discourse which has become more and more pronounced in the communication space during the SARS‑CoV-2 pandemic. Assumptions of the linguistics of discourse and corpus linguistics constitute the theoretical background of the analyses. The analysis of the collocations of the indicated units, its textual equivalents, associative meanings or occurrence contexts has showed that in the discourse examined it has ceased to be a neutral nomination, but has been overgrown with negative interpretations consistent with the view and ideology of the discursive community denying the legitimacy of vaccinations.

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Prozodia w polskiej refleksji glottodydaktycznej

Author(s): Anna Cychnerska,Emilia Kubicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The paper presents the role of prosody in communication and difficulties in the aquisition of L2 prosody. Against this background the authors discuss the role of suprasegmentals as seen by researchers in several papers, methodical publications and teachers’ handbooks. We could see that the provided information was fragmentary and schematic. As the main problems stress and intonation are shown, in some publications also syllable structure and vowel reductions connected with rhythmical changes. The authors suggest working out a PFL-relevan description of Polish prosody and the ways to train it.

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Refleksje leksykalno-statystyczne nad wypowiedziami dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym. Część 1 – słownictwo częste

Author(s): Małgorzata Święcicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The purpose of this essay is to characterize statistically frequent words in a pre-school children’s dictionary, including both their functional and semantic structure. Analyses conducted in the field of statistical linguistics and linguistic semantics confirm the small share of frequent words in the dictionary and their significant role in the structure of spoken texts. Frequent entries are mostly autosemantic words, especially nouns and verbs. On the other hand, frequent auxiliary words, although not very numerous, are characterized by high ranks and text frequencies. The dictionary is based on representative meaning groups that reflect the child’s world, experiences and feelings. The observed quantitative and qualitative features of the children’s frequent dictionary confirm the statistical regularities of the texts of other varieties of Polish, they are consistent with the properties of the natural language, the spoken style and the developmental properties of the child’s speech.

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Dziedzictwo Stanisława Leszczyńskiego. O nauczaniu języka i kultury polskiej w Nancy – historia, wyzwania, zagrożenia

Author(s): Patrycja Gardin / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

Patrycja Gardin’s aim in this article is to describe the history of teaching Polish at the University of Lorraine in Nancy, one of the few centers of Polish studies in France and also a place where classes are (still) taught at all levels of instruction, from bachelor’s degree to doctoral studies. The starting point of Gardin’s analysis is the year 1752, when Stanisław Leszczyński, King of Poland and Duke of Lorraine and Bar, established the Collège Royal de Médecine, the first university unit in Nancy. Using French archival sources, Gardin discusses large-scale activities undertaken by Leszczyński in Lorraine for the promotion of Polish culture and science. Gardin’s description of the long-standing tradition of teaching the Polish language in the Stanislavian land has been based on the analysis of annals and emigration chronicles, as well as French magazines from the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Gardin describes the most important activities and achievements of the Department of the Polish Language: its establishing in 1961, the subsequent structural transformations, its teaching programs, as well as the challenges and threats it faces. This description is complemented by the profiles of the founders and heads of the Department and an outline of their most important research projects. To this end, the author presents the most important scholarly works from two collections found at the University of Lorraine, i.e., the Decaux Collection and the Lajarrige Collection.

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Barceloński ośrodek polonistyczny: historia znikania, nadzieje i perspektywy w kontekście reformy struktury studiów filologicznych w Hiszpanii

Author(s): Agnieszka Mejnartowicz,Pau Freixa Terradas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The process of closing the Polish specialization at the University of Barcelona began in 2013. As a consequence, the over thirty-year-long history of its existence at this university is coming to its end. The first Polish language courses were part of the elective teaching offer of the Slavic specialization; next they became a compulsory part of Slavic Philology, and in 2009 Polish specialization was created as part of a degree Modern Languages and Literatures. In their article, Agnieszka Mejnartowicz and Pau Freixa Terradas present the outstanding creators of the Barcelona center and the research fields they have developed within the framework of the literature and linguistic specialization. They discuss the current functioning of the center at the “new” philology department of the University of Barcelona, transformed in 2019 into the Faculty of Philology and Communication. In the final part of the article, they share their reflections on the perspectives for the development of Polish language and research programs in the context of the reform of the structure of philological studies in Spain.

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Perceptual etymology. A social aspect of etymological research

Author(s): Marek Stachowski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Perceptual etymology is a new term which is introduced here to refer to an anthropological rather than a purely linguistic interpretation of the origins of words. This author tries to show in what way different aspects of our understanding of etymology can be combined to create a coherent and possibly full image of a word.

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R-loci and Distributivity: Insights from Czech Sign Language

Author(s): Mojmír Dočekal,Hana Strachoňová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This article describes a distributivity pattern in Czech Sign Language. The pattern is signed via a reduplication at the R-loci and resembles the distributivity behavior of the binominal each that is known in spoken languages. Nevertheless, there are important differences between the sign language reduplication and the spoken language distributivity that is seen in the binominal each; the most significant concerns the range of readings available for the sign language reduplication. We describe the data we gathered, and then formalize them in the Plural Compositional Discourse Representation Theory. The formal framework allows us to analyze the data and explain certain questions which arise from them.

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