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In the Church Slavonic literary tradition, Theophylact of Ohrid is mostly associated with his exegeses to the Bible. The collections of Cyrillic manuscripts in Poland include only a single copy of his annotated Book of Gospels (BN 12431 III, beginning of the sixteenth century), which has not yet been the subject of a separate study. The book is particularly interesting and valuable, as it contains archaic linguistic features, proving that it is an extremely old copy of the first Slavonic translation of the work. This is an important example of the presence of manuscripts related to Old East Slavonic, and also indirectly – Old Church Slavonic literary tradition in the former Polish-Lithuanian state. The article gives a codicological and linguistic characteristic of this manuscript, and its primary aim is to draw attention to the manuscript from researchers of the works of Theophylact of Ohrid, the Church Slavonic literature, and the Bible.
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The attitudes of Russian-speaking intelligentsia to the formation of the politics of the Republic of Estonia in national question is considered from the formation of the independent state (1992) to the end of the first governmental integration program and the crisis integration policy (2007). The author sees the reasons of failures of the attempts of the Russian-speaking intelligentsia to influence the state decision making in its dissociation and in insufficient support of its efforts by Russia.
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The author treats the “literary artistry” of the work written in the earliest period of Old East Slavic literature. At a linguistic level, the author analyzes certain lexical phenomena and points out that the lexical units used in the monument is not fully presented in the dictionaries of Old East Slavic. From a stylistic standpoint, particular attention is devoted to diverse figures of repetition and, in a broader perspective, to biblical rhetoric. Linguistic and stylistic phenomena are considered using different copies. The author also emphasizes the need for a simultaneous examination of both the language and style of the work and the philological aspects of its entire manuscript tradition.
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In this article, we investigate the variation forms of the present-future tense in the third person singular and plural, the genesis and the functioning of which is one of the most complex and insufficiently studied problems in historical grammar. For the first time we analyze the zero forms of the present-future tense in the Trinity Miscellany (Troitskii Sbornik) of the 12th – 13th centuries in terms of the categories of the potential mood and the coreference predicativity. We use the linguistic and textological parallels from two early Old Russian manuscripts – the Pandects of Antiochus (11th century) and the selected chapters from the Pandects in the Trinity Miscellany (12th – 13th centuries). We establish that the zero forms appear in multipredicative groups with morphologically homogeneous and functionally correlative predicates.
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The article analyzes Lomonosov’s theory of the three styles. It also considers the basic developmental stages and the correlation of Russisms and Slavisms in the Old Russian period. The study involves extensive factual material collected from a variety of historical sources. The research matches Russisms with archaisms and proves that the opposition between the concrete-common and the abstract-high vocabulary is not genetically determined. The paper traces the history of the three-part system of the stylistic fund of the Russian literary language.
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The article studies the possibility to express a verbal referential point using pluperfect based on the concept of temporal independence/non-independence of tense forms as an indicator of their dependence on non-verbal markers. It is proved that pluperfect cannot express a verbal referential point since correlation with other antecedent situation conditions its use.
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The paper considers the perception of derived words related to Russian expressive wordformation by foreign students. Analysis of literary translation is used as a research tool. The author defines special methods of rendering a word-formation meaning of derived adjectives and nouns in a typologically close language as well as determines the semantization strategy for the derivatives of this type in a foreign audience.
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Using the material of Russian or Common Slavic names, the article studies the characteristics that became the basis for naming animals. The basic ways of nomination of animals and birds (by similarity, feature, action, etc.) are defined. Bird names as a specific group of zoonyms are analyzed separately. Particular attention is paid to taboo words and synonymy within certain names of animals.
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Using the Russian National Corpus, we study how the set expressions originated from the Acts and Epistles of the Apostles function in Russian literary texts (19th–21th centuries) of different genres. We discuss the ways of their semantic transformation depending on the genre and the content of the work. We determine that in the journalistic texts these expressions often change their meanings and lose semantic connections with the source, whereas in the belles-lettres texts they retain these ties and serve as an instrument of stylization (speech characterization) or verbal game.
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This paper analyzes empirical data on the processes of development of Tatar-Russian bilingualism in a regional context. The aim of the research was to demonstrate the contradiction between the declared status of the Tatar language and the actual limitation of its use. Attention was paid to the gradual transformation of the Tatar language to a simple marker of ethnic identity. The following conclusion was made: achievement of the real bilingualism is possible only under the condition of preserving and expanding the instrumental function of the Tatar language.
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The article represents graphic and vocalic characteristics of the Udmurt written monument of the late 19th century. Taking into account these features and comparing received results with the materials of the dictionary [Wichmann 1987] and the data of the modern Udmurt dialects the author comes to the conclusion about the dialect base of the monument.
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The paper considers the semantic structure of the concept of light in the Russian medieval world view. The referential, conceptual, figurative, and symbolic meanings of the concept of light in the linguistic view of the world of that period are defined. The dynamics of the perception of this phenomenon in the linguistic consciousness of the medieval person is traced. Its value and historical meaning are specified. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the semantics of the noun light as the core unit of the semantic field of this concept. The main tendencies in the development of its meaning and derivational relationships are revealed. The ideological components of the world view determined by the medieval religious consciousness are taken into account. The functioning of the derivatives with the root свет- (“light”) found in the Tale of Bygone Years is analyzed.
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The paper is focused on some controversial issues of relative and absolute chronology concerning the fall of reduced vowels in the Old Russian dialects, as well as peculiarities of its phonological mechanism. The phonological theory and Old Russian written records of the 12th century support the view on new jat (ѣ) phonologization before the fall of the weak reduced vowel in the next syllable. Based on the contrasting graphemes of е, о and ь, ъ in the manuscripts of the 13th–14th centuries, the idea of rather late (after the change of strong reduced vowels in [e] and [o]) disappearance of reduced vowels as phonemes is developed. The mixed concept of “absolutely weak position”, which is ambiguously estimated in paleo-Russian studies, is discussed in the context of V.M. Markov’s hypothesis of non-etymological reduced vowels as a trigger of their fall.
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Comparative study of the structural and semantic type of communicative statements (declarative sentences) is presented in the paper. A number of features that are typically significant for marking modal values (confidence, probability, possibility, necessity, prohibition, uncertainty, doubt, and negation) as expressed in declarative sentences of the studied languages are analyzed.
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This paper is the first to comparatively analyze Russian and German plant names derived from the noun курица/Huhn. The analysis is based on studying the nominational features of plant names and involves the ethnocultural data on 56 plant names derived from the Russian noun курица and 124 phytonyms with the German component Huhn. The nominational features of Russian and German plant names have proven to be generally quite similar to some peculiar motivations. The ethnocultural idea of hen as a symbol of feminine and fertility is also expressed by the analyzed plant names in both Russian and German languages. A number of Russian and German phytonyms should be recognized as corrupt or reanalyzed forms. The reasons for their motivational uncertainty could vary from changes in the folk etymology up to mistakes made by the authors of botanical dictionaries. The nominational features of some plant names need further studying.
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This paper describes the basic morphological (synthetic) and lexical means of representation of event structures in the Tatar language based on iterative and multiplicative verbs. It is shown that affixal iteratives also express other categories: incompleteness of action (raritive) and agent qualifying characteristics (usitative). Lexical iteratives and multiplicatives are investigated. Their semantic classes are distinguished. Considerable attention is paid to the verbs denoting optical (light) effects. The study is carried out using the data of the National Corpus of the Tatar Language “Tugan Tel”.
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The paper focuses on theoretical problems in the usage of prepositions, formulation of the definition of prepositions, their etymology, as well as identification of the criteria for qualifying lexemes as either syncategorematic or content words (prepositions or their equivalents). Using such prepositions as vsled (“behind”), navstrechu (“towards”), and vdali (“away”) in A.S. Pushkin’s language, the early development of the grammatical system of the modern Russian standard language is reconstructed.
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The paper attempts to reveal and describe some peculiarities of the formation of complex words in the Tatar language, which are used to describe human characteristics. Words belonging to the thematic group are divided into proper complex, paired, and compound words. Most lexemes are dialectal, informal, or colloquial, being characterized as adjectives. The source lexical units involved in the formation of complex words are mostly of the Kipchak-Turkic origin in the Tatar language. Very few of them are actual borrowings from non-cognate languages. Proper complex and compound words are more often formed by connecting the adjective to the noun as a second component. Paired words are mainly formed by using two adjectives. New compound words are formed with the help of such affixes as -ly/-le (-лы/-ле) and -chan/-chän (-чан/-чән).
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