Formuliczność w Słowniku górnołużycko-polskim

Author(s): Grzegorz Szpila / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The paper discusses the place and presentation of formulaic language in Henryk Zeman’s Słownik górnołużycko-polski. Published in 1968, it has remained to date the only bilingual Upper-Sorbian-Polish dictionary of that size. It contains over 5000 phraseological units of varius types. The paper discusses the types of formulaic language found in the lexicon, the macroand microstructure of the dictionary, and the equivalence of Upper-Sorbian phraseological units in the Polish language. Notwithstanding a few inaccuracies, inconsitencies and errors, as well as lexical out-datedness, the dictionary appears to be an invaluable source of lexical information about the formulaic Upper-Sorbian.

Nový slovanský pidžin na česko-polské hranici?

Author(s): Irena Bogoczová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2015

The paper, oscillating at the intersection of dialectology and sociolinguistics, contains a brief description of the linguistic situation in the multiethnic environment of the Czech part of the Těšín region, transcription samples of authentic oral texts and mainly reflects what the specific local spoken language code is or, on the contrary, what is not. The presented language material comes from the research of the speech of children and youth (aged from 6 to 18 years), which was conducted in 2013. All respondents attend schools using Polish as the language of instruction and in their speech practice they commonly switch from traditional dialect to standard Polish or Czech.

Współczesne gwary białoruskie na południowej Pskowszczyźnie. Rejon newelski

Author(s): Mirosław Jankowiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

In recent years the southern part of Pskov Oblast has not been the object of dialectological research in terms of the usage of the Belarusian dialects and the area of mutual intermingling of the Belarusian and Russian languages. Except for the report of the 1903 expedition by Y. Karskiy and the article by P. Buzuk of 1926 there have not been prepared any works, which would present this particular borderland. In addition, the Russian dialectologists usually classify these dialects as the Russian ones (and not as the Belarusian-Russian transitional dialects), and the linguistic features, which should be considered as Belarusian, are regarded as „the regional Russian features”. This article describes the contemporary condition of dialects in the Nevelsky District on the basis of the material collected by the author during the field studies in 2014. The author’s aim is to present how the structure of the Belarusian dialects altered in the researched area in comparison with their features denoted almost 100 years earlier and what the degree of the Russian language interference is.

Rosyjskie ekwiwalenty przekładowe performatywu dziękuję – The Russian equivalents of the Polish lexeme ‘dziękuję’

Author(s): Anna Rudyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2016

The article shows the Russian equivalents of the performative dziękuję extracted from the contemporary Polish prose and its translation into Russian. The equivalent dictionary спасибо appeared in the majority of examples.

О русской печали в фокусе Национального корпуса русского языка

Author(s): Andrey Evgenyevich Bochkarev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2019

The article explores the ways of displaying sadness in the Russian language image of the world. According to the Russian National Corpus we can see that predicates applicable to sadness vary with the position in the syntactic structure. As a semantic object; sadness is a feeling; shared; or hidden; as a semantic subject it attacks; covers; makes gloomy. In the metaphoric mapping sadness is defined in relation to a hostile force; beast; liquid; fi re; fog; and disease. By analogy with liquid it rushes and fills; by analogy with beast it gnaws and hurts; by analogy with fog it dims eyes and dissipates; by analogy with disease it must be cured. Such use becomes so common in the Russian language that native speakers don’t pay attention to metaphorical expressions like dispel the sadness but take them almost for the authentic characteristic of sadness.

RUSÇA KİŞİ ADLARINDA KÜÇÜLTME EKLERİ

Author(s): Filiz Karakale / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2020

Names that have taken the diminutive suffixes are very common in Russian culture. These suffixes can be in the names of persons as well as in the names of nouns. With the help of these suffixes mostly used in everyday dialogue and informal settings, more neutral short names can be created as well as affection, intimacy, love, friendship, sometimes hanging, scorn, or many expressions such as mockery can be expressed. In this way, the word becomes an emotionally charged expression that includes subjective evaluation. These feelings can be positive or negative. Russian language is a very rich language in terms of diminutive and affectionate suffixes. It is possible to come across words and person names adorned with these appendices in every conversation. These diminutive expressions are often used not only when addressing younger children, but also among adults. Suffixes of diminutive play an important role in anthroponymy. In this study, diminutive suffixes in the names of people in Russian will be examined semantically and supported with examples. The current use of names with diminutive suffixes will be emphasized.

Обзор альтернативных типологий славянских языков

Author(s): Gábor L. Balázs / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2019

The typology of Slavic languages has been frequently dealt with in different publications since the late 19th century. In this paper, the author reviews some of the most significant attempts aimed at the phonological, morphological, and syntactic levels of this typological research. It appears that the phonological classification first elaborated by Baudouin de Courtenay has remained reliable to this day. In morphology, however, the only method for categorization seems to be the identification of certain grammatical markers. Syntactic ty- pology is still a young field of linguistics; nevertheless, there exist promising ventures in it, too. It is remarkable that the typological findings for the modern Slavic languages to a large extent coincide with the results of areal studies. Based on the information presented in the paper, the following implications can be made with reference to the typology of the specific linguistic levels in the Slavic languages. The most uniform level is that of phonological typology because in all the models presented here, a key role is played by two prosodic features: the opposition of long and short vowels, on the one hand, and the character of word stress, on the other. Thus, the pho- nological typology first elaborated by Baudouin de Courtenay has proved to be reliable up to the present. At least no competing theories in this field can be seen for the time being. As to morphological typology, it is not possible to identify features or criteria similar to the phonological models which could be applied for the differentiation of whatever mor- phological types. The Slavic languages, even Bulgarian and Macedonian, which have no nominal declension, have remained fusional (inflectional) languages, within which it is not easy to delineate further subtypes. So far, the only way of morphological categorization seems to be the identification and comparison of individual grammatical features of the different Slavic languages, as it is illustrated tentatively in Section 2. The syntactic typology of the Slavic languages is still a very young field of typologi- cal research. Therefore, it is impossible to arrive at any general conclusions on this matter (besides the ones mentioned in Section 3). The model offered by Haspelmath for the Euro- pean languages looks quite promising but it is necessary to work out further details and spe- cific methods so that it could be successfully applied specifically for the Slavic languages. One cannot fail to notice that the typological regularities specified by way of the mor- phological and syntactic observations in Sections 2 and 3, to a marked extent coincide with the facts of the areal (geographical) classification of the Slavic languages, as it was sharply noticed by Bogoroditsky, Janda, Tommola, and other researchers.

Конструкции с предлогом О со значением ‘основания деятельности, средства’: инновация или индоевропейское наследие?

Author(s): Ludmila Viktorovna Bratukhina,Alexandr Yuryevich Bratukhin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2019

The paper is devoted to analyzing examples of the use of constructions “O + locative”, which have the meaning of “basis of activity, instrument”. Our interest in these examples is due, firstly, to the fact that this meaning of the preposition O is completely absent in modern Russian. Secondly, in some cases, this construction found in Old Slavonic texts is replaced in Church Slavonic by the construction “ВЪ + locative”, which is a calque from the ancient Greek construction “dí + dative” (often having the meaning of “a tool”) but this substitution is inconsistent. Thirdly, the constructions “O + locative” and “BЪ + locative” appear in the Old Slavonic manuscripts in parallel. The main aim of the study is to identify the shades of meaning that the creators of Old Slavonic texts distinguished in the ancient Greek construction “dí + dative”, choosing “O + locative” as a variant of translation; and to determine whether the indicated meaning of the preposition O was original in the Slavic languages or this preposition was acquired in the process of translating Biblical texts. The research is based on the Sinai Psalter, the Zographic and Ostromir Gospels, the Ostroh and Elizabethan Bibles as well as the examples (contained in the dictionaries of the Old Slavic, Old Russian, and Church Slavonic languages) from the Mariinsky Four Gos- pels, Assemaniev’s Gospel, Savin’s book, Euchology of Sinai, and Supralsky manuscript. The construction “dí + dative” is translated not only by “O + locative”. The former is also regularly translated by constructions of the instrumental case without a preposition (in Old Slavonic and Church Slavonic texts). The possibility of forming of the meaning of the action source under the influence of the construction “OTЪ + genitive” is also considered. In general, the dynamics of evolution of the meaning of “O + locative” is traced in the paper. It is concluded that the analyzed “O + locative” construction acquired the meaning of “basis of activity, instrument” at the time of the creation of Old Slavonic Bible transla- tions. This is due to the process of reflection on the text, which became possible with the appearance of the written Slavonic language and the comparison of this construction with a simple instrumental case, combinations of “OTЪ + genitive” and “BЪ + locative”, which in some cases acted as synonymous and could be chosen by translators either spontaneously or with the aim to express nuances of meaning. This is demonstrated with the elimination of ancient Greek tracing, as well as the reverse replacement of “O + locative” by “BЪ + locative”. The instrumental case without a preposition was similar to “O + locative” in the expression of the causal meaning as well as in indicating the source of the action; the con- struction of “OTЪ + genitive”, in addition to the similarity of meaning, in terms of spelling and phonetics also resembled “O + locative”. The construction “O + locative” turned out to be more stable in the cases of indicating an animate source or basis of activity.

Транспозиційні можливості грамеми минулого часу в аспекті вираження оцінних значень: психолінгвістичні особливості

Author(s): Oksana Khaliman / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2019

The present paper analyses the transpositional possibilities of the past time grammeme in the aspect of estimative expressions. The mechanisms of modelling grammatical igreme for the expression of evaluative meanings which are generated on the basis of figurative actualization of the grammatical meaning of the past time and the psycholinguistic features of the figurative use of the past time forms are highlighted. The temporal sign of the form comes into conflict with the temporal sign of the con- text, which provides a metaphor for the grammatical meaning of time, the actualization of the secondary function, obtaining estimative expressions and the expression of a certain pragmatics. It is also important to use a kind of intonation design and inversion word order (in some models) to express irony. The use of time forms both literally and figuratively is based on psychological fea- tures of their perception and associative nuances associated with the specifics of the past, present, and future. In particular, by nominating future events in the form of the past tense, the person puts a hypothetical, upcoming event as a precedent in line with other events of his experience, thereby finds grounds to evaluate it by making appropriate comparisons. The first model (Боявся я її / Так я їй і сказав): an ironic statement of action means that, in fact, according to the speaker, it will never happen, or it is unacceptable, thus it is accompanied by a negative evaluation. The second model (Ну, приїхала я туди, а потім що?): in answers, comments on a call to action the speaker, predicting his, in his own opinion, inappropriate behaviour, uses the past tense for its negative evaluation, also using specific intonation for expressing irony. The third model (А потім йому швидко кубики почепили…): the use of the past per- fect tense form to indicate future facts often creates a negative connotation that expresses an appropriate attitude to the unnaturally rapid development of events and implies poor performance, inappropriateness of actions, mismatch to certain individuals. In contrast to the previous model, there is no meaning of condition in this one since the speaker considers the future action as having already taken place and thus evaluates it. The statement is char- acterized by a specific intonation, which expresses claims for the action, dissatisfaction with the possible course of events. The fourth model (Ми попали!): a situation in which the past tense verb form is used in the meaning of the future poses a danger, a threat to the speaker, which explains the appearance of a negative evaluation. Future dangerous action is shown as accomplished, which gives grounds for evaluating the fact on the basis of comparison with similar actions in the experience of the speaker.

Язык современного Киева как феномен в славянском мире (по результатам социолингвистических исследований)

Author(s): Michail S. Khmelevskij,Olga Viktorovna Raina,Anna G. Bodrova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2019

The current linguistic situation of the Kievan conglomeration which has evolved over the course of several centuries presents itself as a unique subject for linguistic description and study, differing substantially from analogous examples elsewhere in the Slavic world. This paper discusses the sociolinguistic multicodality of the present-day Kievan urban dialect with concrete illustrated examples from actual non-staged speech found in Ukraine’s capi- tal. We have also included an analysis of the possibilities for such switching (as well as a description of the communicative situations that are linked with this phenomenon). The language is complicated by many other factors, including geographical, ethnic, cultural, socio-political, and historical, as well as the degree of national identity of native speakers and regional heterogeneity. It is often said that there are not two (Left- and Right-Bank Ukraine), even not twenty-two, but rather two hundred twenty-two Ukraines. It is hardly possible to give a completely accurate assessment of the real language situ- ation in contemporary Kiev, for any statistical data, official proclamations, or linguistic ap- proaches to the interpretation of modern “language reality” mostly have no more than an evaluative character, which is caused by a number of extralinguistic factors and modern political and ideological challenges that have nothing to do with the real language situation. The complexity of the description of the modern Ukrainian language situation is that it is impossible to talk with certainty about any universals and make unambiguous conclu- sions regarding the entire Ukrainian ethnic area as a whole. The territory of modern Ukraine (and Kiev) is a many-sided palette with linguistic, cultural, religious, historical, and ethno- graphic points of view. Historically, the modern Ukrainian territories belonged to different countries, empires, political and religious spheres of influence, which is one of the primary reasons why Ukrainians are heterogeneous in their mentality, degree of national self-iden- tity and, as a result, in any given choice of a particular language code for everyday com- munication, due to both regional identity and the various historical pasts of the east and west of Ukraine, geographical location, i.e. the proximity to Russian and European culture.

Церковнослов’янська лексика зі семантикою ‘Бог; Божа особа’ у староукраїнських текстах

Author(s): Yuriy Osinchuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2019

The present paper is based on materials of different genres and different styles of Ukrai- nian written monuments of the 16th and the 17th centuries (acts, court documents, wills, deeds, documents of church and school fraternities, chronicles, works of religious, polemi- cal and fiction, memos of scientific and educational literature, liturgical literature, episto- lary heritage, etc.) which are included in the source database of the Dictionary of Ukrainian language of the 16th century and the first half of the 17th century and its unique lexical card index, which is stored at the Ukrainian Language Department in the I. Krypiakevych Institute of Ukrainian Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Lviv). The composition and structural organization of Church Slavonic lexemes meaning ‘God; God’s face’ as well as their origin and history are studied. It was found that the register of this vocabulary included more than fifty phonetic and graphic Church Slavonic elements expressing the concept of ‘God; God’s face’ different in word-forming structure. The main attention is paid to the etymological analysis of the studied tokens, which was primarily to clarify their semantic etymon. It is established that the analyzed Church Slavonicisms are mostly semantic loans from the Greek language, which preserved their semantics from ancient times to the Old Ukrainian period. It is observed that some studied tokens often act as core components of various two-, three-, or four-membered lexicalized phrases. The most active multifunctional core com- ponent was the token Lord. It is established that fixed phrases and phraseologisms are of different types in structure, mostly two-component noun + adjective phrases (sporadically, there are other lexical-grammatical models, too: “noun + noun”, “preposition + adjective”). Much less observable are three-component formations (“noun + verb + pronoun“, “verb + pronoun + noun“) and four-component models (“verb + preposition + pronoun + noun”). It was found that the Church Slavonic words attested in the Ukrainian memos of the 16th and the 17th centuries did not undergo significant semantic changes in the process of formation of religious vocabulary. Some Church Slavonicisms have gone through a partial semantic modification, and some have acquired new semantics due to fixed phrases. Some words that point to God’s face are characterized by polysemy and synonymy. The evolution of the analyzed Church Slavonicisms is different. Some of them have survived to our time and are actively used in the Ukrainian literary language or dialects, while others function only in a special area: in the church practice of the Byzantine rite (Orthodox Church of Ukraine, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church).

Архетипний образ вогню в лінгвопросторі українських паремій і замовлянь

Author(s): Anatolii Vasylovych Vysotskyi,Yulia Sergiyivna Makarets / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2019

This paper deals with the linguocultural analysis of the semantic content of the archetypal symbol of fire. It is one of the deep mental formations, a manifestation of the collective subconscious, the generic memory, so its shades of meaning are best expressed in micro- contexts that retain stereotypical associations and evaluations for a certain ethnos as well as in the linguistic formulas of word magic, which is inherent in primitive consciousness. Such are the texts of paroemias and verbal folk magic, on the basis of which the research is conducted. Although ancient Ukrainians knew the cult of fire and thought that it had a divine power, the analyzed linguistic microcontexts did not show the lingualization of deification of fire. Fire appears as an ambivalent element, destructive but simultaneously life-giving, with the predominance of negative marking. Fire mostly is opposed to water, which is also an ambivalent element but with a positive beginning. Ukrainian paroemiology predominantly testifies stereotypical associative similarity of fire and misfortune or trial, more rarely – of fire and strong destructive feelings or restless nature. Analyzed Ukrainian proverbs do not contain Christian understanding of fire, only ancient, pagan ideas about it. In verbal magic, fire is a part of homeopathic magic, an element that can scare off a dis- ease or burn it, that is, cure the like with the like. More rarely, fire is a part of love magic based on similarity of natural fire and the fire of feelings. Of particular interest in this con- text is the image of ‘fiery bugalo’ that burns, causing a love fever. This image is connected with the cult of the seductive serpent, a mythical creature that can install a ‘fire of love’ in the heart of a man, and appears to women as tempting young man. The mediator of the idea of fire is also the word-concept ‘candle’. This symbol im- plements the semantics of faith and mind. In religious tradition, it becomes the emblem of the church and the spiritual light. Paroemiological units mostly attest to its use in combi- nation with the word-concept ‘devil’. Such microcontexts can be explained by the ability of people to pick up and summarize the paradoxical manifestations of everyday life. Ethno- graphic studies suggest that the semantics of sun and lightning also intersect with the sym- bolic meaning of fire, although this is not confirmed by the analyzed paroemological micro- contexts. The cognitive basis of such symbolization are the mechanisms of associative assimila- tion and comparison through which the primeval people cognized and structured the world. The symbol of fire becoming the basis of paroemological and magical microcontexts is sometimes not lingualized directly and manifests itself through typical scenarios with pred- icates to smoke, to burn, to scorch, etc.

К 70-летию Андраша Золтана

Author(s): Adalbert Bárány,Erzsébet Bárány / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2019

In Memoriam Anna Han (1943-2019)

Author(s): Viktória Lebovics,Đuro Blažeka / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2019

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ГИПОТАКСИСА РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА В СВЕТЕ ИДЕЙ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ ФОРТУНАТОВСКОЙ ШКОЛЫ (на примере текстов А. Н. Островского)

Author(s): Nina Semenovna Gantsovskaya,Qin Lidong / Language(s): Russian Issue: 7/2021

The Russian literary language, the ways of displaying the communicative qualities of complex sentences depending on the degree of grammatical abstraction, the main features of their formal and semantic structure, the nature and features of the functioning of their construction features in a certain period of history – these are the current issues of the study of the Russian language, which still are of a debatable nature and form the theoretical basis for this work.These problems turn us to the ideas of the Fortunatov’s school representatives who laid out the path for the priority research of the structural (grammatical) properties of hierarchically arranged syntactic units. The article deals with the structural and semantic features of the conjunctions of complex conditional sentences in the plays written by one of the creators of the modern Russian literary language – a classic of Russian literature Alexander Ostrovsky. The language of Ostrovsky’s dramas played an important role in the democratization of the Russian literary language and preserved many features of Russian folk colloquial speech, including dialect ones. In this regard, the ideas of the authors of the article are based on the works of the classics who supported Fortunatov’s intellectual tradition in the Russian linguistics,in particular, Abram Shapiro and Leonid Bulakhovsky. As a result of the study, the conclusion was made about the absolute predominance of the universal monosemantic conjunction если (if) in the literary and colloquial constructions of the Russian language in the mid-XIX century, as well as about a significant role of syncretic conjunctions of a colloquial nature, such as ежели (if), как (when), когда (when), коли (if), in comparison with the modern state of the Russian literary language.

Интенсификаторы в русском языке XXI века: словообразование, семантика, синтагматика и динамика оценки

Author(s): Larisa Ratsiburskaya,Marina Vsevolodovna Sandakova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2020

The research is based on the current anthropocentric trend in linguistics and is related to the study of active processes in the modern Russian language reflecting the dynamics of the Russian national mentality and the Russian linguistic image of the world. The paper considers such a deep property of Russian speech as emotionality, which is manifested in the language categories of evaluation and intensity. The purpose of the research is to establish the relationship between the categories of evaluation and intensity based on the material of word-building and lexical-semantic units from lexicographic sources and media texts. As a result of the research, word-building and lexical-semantic intensifiers are characterized in the functional-pragmatic aspect. Word-building intensifiers include word-formative affixes, affixoids (mainly of dimensional-evaluative semantics), and various means of word-building (in particular, some varieties of composition). Lexical intensifiers include certain types of lexemes: evaluative universal intensifiers; intensifiers that tend to express positive or negative evaluation (in a certain context); intensifiers that express (by their semantics) positive or negative evaluation. The paper shows such an extension of the functional range of intensifiers as the estimated ambivalence of dimensional-evaluative affixes, oxymoron quality, and the ambivalence of lexical intensifiers. One of the vectors of the development of lexical intensifiers is syntagmatic expansion, which results in emerging in speech and fixing new word combinations that do not correspond to the tradition of usage and violate the established rules of lexical compatibility fixed in dictionaries. The combinability extension serves as a condition for semantic and evaluative transformations of the intensifier. The use of an intensifier in an evaluative dissonant environment fulfils certain pragmatic and stylistic goals in the text (increasing the expressiveness of the text, creating the effect of an oxymoron, irony, or joke). The abundance of such instances of use in media texts, literary works, and spoken language as well as the repeatability of syntagmatic bias models indicates the dynamics of evaluation in the class of lexical intensifiers in the Russian language of the modern period. Evaluation expansion, when “positively oriented” intensifiers invade the zone of negative phenomena, and vice versa, negative characteristics in the zone of positive phenomena, is considered as a tendency to remove evaluation restrictions and to universalize evaluation. The phenomena described in the paper generally show the development of the semantic category of intensity in the Russian language of the 21st century, which is expressed in the dynamics of its components, such as word-building means, word-building units, and lexical units. The absolute construction and the antipassive function similarly in that both rely on the low discursive saliency of the object of action and the generalized representation of the situation as a constant property of the subject. In Russian, a typical indicator of an antipassive is the reflexive -ся. Therefore, when the object of action is insignificant, obvious or ambiguous, the absolute construction and the antipassive reflexive verb can function synonymously. Therefore, in this paper, the absolute construction is compared with antipassive reflexive verbs such as Собака кусается. In Russian, the semantic circle of antipassive reflexive verbs is relatively narrow, and this is due to the fact that their function may be replaced by irreflexive verbs in absolute use. In addition, the remaining types of omission of patient valency also have a correlation with reflexive verbs of other categories but a detailed discussion of this issue will be reserved for future research.

Два века в двадцати словах. Н. Р. Добрушина, М. А. Даниель (отв. ред.). Москва: Издательский дом Высшей школы экономики, 2016, 453 стр.

Author(s): Stefan Milošević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2020

Функціювання лексики на позначення стихійних явищ в українській мові XVІ–XVIII ст.

Author(s): Vasyl Denysiuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2020

The study of the peculiarities of the functioning of the vocabulary designating natural disasters performed on the basis of written monuments of the Ukrainian language in the 16th–18th centuries allows us to state that the genetically analyzed lexemes in this thematic group are of Proto-Slavic origin. The only exception is the borrowing пожога from the Polish language. The vocabulary designating natural disasters was actively completed due to the inclusion of lexical units from other thematic groups including meteorological vocabulary and the development of new meanings in these words because of semantic shifts representing the general concept of ‘natural disasters’ during the declared period. The analyzed lexemes demonstrate one type of systemic relations: synonymous. One-word names show activity according to the structure of the analyzed written texts. The contextual environment helps to find out the corresponding semantics of them. The authors often use multi-word names which include a noun and an adjective (they are usually the adjectives великий, лютий or forms of the highest degree of comparison превеликіе, прежестокій, which explicitly indicate a high degree of the described disaster). It is noteworthy that the authors use the verbal noun потоп for the realization of the seme ‘flood’, which gradually started to lose its religious semantics and acquired a secular meaning in the period under study. The Kievan Rus’ tradition is continued by the nomination of this disaster by a verb–noun or an adjective– noun word combination. The main representative of the seme ‘drought’ is the adjective сухий, which is used exclusively in the descriptive constructions in the studied monuments, the substantive component of which is a lexeme to denote a season (весна, літо, осінь). The lexemes холод and мороз realize the seme ‘cold’ in the analyzed written texts. They are used in their full-vowel forms and combined with quantitative forms of adjectives to represent the degree of the natural disaster. A subjective approach to the assessment of the disaster is observed in the implementation of this seme. The lexeme сніг in many contexts implements syncretized semantics: ‘precipitation’ and ‘natural disaster’. A clear idea of the natural disaster is given by the contexts in which the authors use the additional qualifier великій. Occasionally, the adverb with the value of amount combined with another adverb with the value of extent and degree performs the role of an additional qualifier. As evidenced by modern lexicographic works, the development of a figurative meaning occurred in the semantic structure of nouns on the basis of metaphorical transfer. The present-day Ukrainian language inherited most of the one-word names, which continue to operate without changing their basic lexical meaning.

Назвы вясёлкі ў матэрыялах "Агульнаславянскага лінгвістычнага атласа": погляд з беларускага боку

Author(s): Nikolai Antropov / Language(s): Belarusian Issue: 74/2019

The article considers the Belarusian-other Slavic isolexes – the names of rainbows prepared formapping in the Slavic Linguistic Atlas (SLA). Possibilities of their display on the map / maps of the Atlas are identified as well.

Лаинович-Стоянович Надежда, (2002), ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ГРАММАТИКА РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА, (ФОНЕТИКА И МОРФОЛОГИЯ)

Author(s): Violeta P. Džonić / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2022