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О компрессивном словообразовании в специальной лексике «банковского дела»

Author(s): Nyina Magocsi / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

This paper presents examples of special-purpose banking language items which illustrate word formation processes in present-day Russian used in the sphere of banking in order to compress meaning, i.e. univerbation as well as abbreviation. As a rule, these particular phenomena are considered one of the manifestations of the principle of linguistic economy. The orientation towards linguistic economy provides a stimulus for multiplying the number of new lexical items in banking language, which can be related to technical terms and professional slang. The productivity of word formation processes used in order to compress meaning can also be linked to the needs of adjusting written and oral communication to the world standards in the sphere of Russian banking.

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Представление о крепком сне в славянских языках (на материале устойчивых сравнений)

Author(s): E.K. Nikolaeva,E.I. Seliverstova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

This paper deals with the comparative analysis of Slavic similes that characterize sound sleep as a part of the linguistic image of the Slavic world. Through the analysis of the figurative structure of similes, the authors demonstrate a great variety of models describing sound sleep in Slavic similes as well as the distinctive and similar ways of expressing the main meanings of similes in different languages. They also demonstrate the semantic differentiation of similes created by the model used in the comparison. Finally, the authors describe several national or cultural specific features of similes in various Slavic languages.

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Ласло Деже – дослідник української діалектології

Author(s): Erzsébet Bárány / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

The aim of this paper is to present László Dezső’s achievements in the field of Ukrainian linguistics and historical dialectology as well as to show the importance of his research in the development of Ukrainian studies.

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Слово мода в русском языке

Author(s): Tatyana Leontyeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

This paper is intended to analyze the semantics of the word мода ‘fashion’ in Russian and its use in different subsystems (standard language and dialects). The evolution of its meanings is traced in Russian dictionaries. Special attention is paid to the appearance of the meaning ‘custom’, typical only of Russian dialects. Text examples of the word usage fixed in archival records of the dialects and the Russian National Corpus are analyzed. It is shown that the word мода has been used in Russian for three centuries and incorporated into its lexical system. It is evidenced by the diversity of its meanings. In Russian dialects, it has experienced semantic evolution different from the system of its meanings in the standard language. The idea of the model, the standard by which anything is measured and reproduced (clothes are made, preferences of human collectives are formed, human behaviour and the everyday life of people community is organized) is presented most vividly in all of its meanings.

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Украинская этносимволика из области растительного мира (лингвокультурологический аспект)

Author(s): Aleksndr Viktorovich Savchenko,Michail S. Khmelevskij / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

This paper analyzes the main connotative components of national symbols of the Ukraine, which have found a reflection in the Ukrainian mentality, images as well as in the language (in folklore, idioms, proverbs, etc.). These connotative components contain in their structure floristic elements, i.e. the names of different trees and flowers. From time immemorial, trees and flowers have served as different symbols (e.g. state, religious), and they have been an essential part of many human cultures. The paper presents the main floristic symbols of the Ukraine (compared to Russian symbols) and their reflection in the Ukrainian mentality and language on the idiomatic and metaphorical levels.

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О типах ритма и приемах ритмовки в русском языке

Author(s): Vasily Pavlovich Moskvin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The present paper provides a critical analysis of the controversial moments of the theory of speech rhythm as well as the history of the issue. The author classifies the types of rhythm and the basic ways of rhythmization. The definition of rhythm is also specified, and the sources for the inner rhythm relevant for accentual syllabics (e.g. foot-based segmentation, caesura, etc.) are considered. In the second part of the paper, the typology of caesuras and the means to mark them is presented.

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К этимологии двух русских слов (бабочка и белобрысый)

Author(s): V.V. Khramov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

This paper analyzes the Russian lexeme бабочка, offering to interpret it as an onomatopoeic word, connected by means of reduplication to the dialectal бякать ‘to beat, to hit’. The paper also discusses the word белобрысый ‘tow-haired’, which is problematic from the point of view of etymology. Developing V. Orel’s hypothesis, the author offers to interpret this word as ‘covered with white; sprinkled with white’, connected to the interjection брысь ‘shoo’ and to the verb бросать ‘to throw’. The paper pays particular attention to the semantic and derivational aspects of the etymology of the word.

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Атрибутивная сочетаемость слова годы в свете композиционной и когнитивной семантики

Author(s): Boris Yustinivich Norman,Anna Plotnikova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The article focuses on the Russian attributive constructions with the head noun годы (years), which is used to denote decades (двадцатые годы – the twenties, тридцатые годы – the thirties, сороковые годы – the forties, etc.). Periods of time of equal length are perceived subjectively and are evaluated on the basis of the speakers’ individual or collective experience. Being a discreet time model in reality, decades are represented in the language as an indiscreet unit which is attributed a certain quality (революционные двадцатые – the revolutionary twenties, огненные сороковые – the fiery forties, застойные восьмидесятые – the stagnant eighties). Statistical data analysis allows to reveal the most frequent language characteristics of each decade of the Russian history of the 20th century. The phrases examined below metonymically refer not to the periods of time but rather to the events within.

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Глагол вскричать: всегда ли права статистика?

Author(s): Oleg Fedoszov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The present study focuses on a single Russian verb вскричать. This verb was the object of statistical analysis of lexical vocabulary changes in 19th-century Russian prose by A. Shaikevich (2013). His paper presents the results of the analysis of small historical corpora. The size of the corpus is about 25 million words. Shaikevich’s statistical data have shown that this verb had almost disappeared by the end of the 19th century. In our study, the analysis of the historical and modern usage of the verb вскричать was done with the help of the large Russian National Corpus (230 million words), and all the examples were taken from 19th- and 20th-century texts. Our analysis has shown that this verb was very frequent in the language of some writers (e.g. F. Dostoyevsky), while L. Tolstoy did not use it at all. In the 20th century, the verb вскричать became quite frequent again for numerous writers. In recent times, poets and journalists have also used it as a marked stylistic device.

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Сфера компьютера и Интернета в русском языковом сознании (на примере глаголов компьютерного интерфейса)

Author(s): A.F. Kolyaseva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

Based on a semantic study of Russian verbs relating to computer interface, this paper explores structural metaphors of computer discourse organizing the perception of the computer and the Internet as well as forming its linguistic image. Four metaphors are discussed: 1. Computer is a special world; 2. Computer is a mechanism; 3. Computer is a book (library); 4. Computer is a living being. These metaphors are shown to function both independently and in interplay within the same text.

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Ukrainian Blends-Neologisms as the Reflection of Current Social and Political Situation: a Splendid Prophecy or a 20-years’ Collapse

Author(s): Natalia Gut,Ielyzaveta Panchenko,Oksana Zabołotnaja / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The paper deals with lexical blends functioning in Y. Pashkovskyi’s work Що- денний жезл [Everyday warder]. It is said that a striking picture of Ukraine being on the way of economic, political, and social collapse can be seen through neologisms in Ukrainian postmodern literature. The study provides the characteristics of Ukrainian blends, discusses their structures, and examines the development of their constituent parts (the so-called splinters) into new morphemes. The different kinds of contexts in which blends tend to occur characterizing the current political and social situation in Ukraine are analyzed. The comparative analysis of Ukrainian blends as single words and in contexts has also been made in this research.

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Реалізація дериваційної спроможності відсубстантивних дієслів зі значенням «діяти інструментом, названим твірною основою»

Author(s): Oksana Kushlyk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2015

This paper analyzes the derivation capability of verbs motivated by substantives with the word-formation meaning ‘to work with a tool, named by a word-forming noun’ with suffix -ува-/-юва- in the Ukrainian language. The author claims that the typical word-forming paradigm is formed of three word-formation zones: substantive, adjective, and verbal. Within each zone, a continuum of word-forming derivatives is distinguished, a set of word-forming devices for their realizations is determined, and the abilities of some of them to express additional lexical meanings are traced.

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Из древнерусской ономастики: Симарьглъ/ Семарьглъ и хинова

Author(s): M.A. Yuyukyn / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

The author suggests new etymologies for two well-known Old Russian proper names. The god name of Simarĭglŭ /Semarĭglŭ is loaned from East Iranic (Scytho-Sarmatian) of the Alanic Caucasian period and corresponds to Ossetic xī/xe ‘oneself’ and maræg ‘murderer; killing’, xemaræg ‘suicide (person)’ and the Russian participle suffix -l-. The motive of god’s suicide is extended in mythology, including the Nart epic. The ethnonym Khinova mentioned in “The Tale of Igor’s campaign“ is of Baltic origin and comes from IE *skū-n- ‘asylum, shelter; shield, etc.’ and the suffix -ava/-uva, very frequent in the Baltic ethnonymics.

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О соотношении лексико-семантической категории предельности и глагольного вида

Author(s): László Jászay / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

This paper discusses the question what influence the category of limitativity has on the category of verbal aspect. From this point of view, the author focuses on the semantic types of aspectual pairs, and verbs of delimitative manner of action are analyzed in this respect as well. In conclusion, the author also touches upon the aspectual model of clusters which has received special emphasis in L. Janda’s research.

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Градуирование и квантификация в современном русском языке

Author(s): S.M. Kolesnikova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

Countable words conveying a numeric code and are subject to accountability not quantified explicitly are amenable graduation and become potentially gradable. There are two types of graduation of words: implicitly and explicitly graded words emerging as a result of quantification. The meaning of each lexical unit is implemented in three main areas: graduation, modality, and modal-estimated.

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Место «спортивной фразеологии» в составе общего фразеологического фонда современного русского языка

Author(s): Aleksndr Viktorovich Savchenko / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

This paper touches upon the description of the phraseological units which are currently used in the sphere of sports in present-day Russian. Such units have their origin both in sports slang and in mass media language. On the other hand, such units have not only a high level of expressivity but nowadays they are often used as picturesque and metaphoric means in other discourses, e.g. political, social, economic, and in everyday communication. This type of sports idioms now constitutes a special section in the general phraseological base of Russian.

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English Borrowings from the Economic Sphere in the Verbal Lexicon of Native Speakers of Russian in the Era of Globalization

Author(s): Julia Balakina,Elena Visilitskaya / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The article looks into the issue of the integration of loanwords appertaining to the financial lexis of the Russian language. Due to an overwhelming number of borrowings in the professional vocabulary of bank workers, the prevalence of anglicisms over Russian words in their written and verbal speech cannot go unnoticed. However, given a generally low level of bank workers’ English language competence, this situation leads to peculiar, nonstandard adaptation of anglicisms at all language levels. Accordingly, the article presents the possible ways anglicisms integrate into the Russian language, and examines the native speakers’ attitude to borrowed words and their preferences in using anglicisms. Furthermore, the authors have identified the main reasons why the speakers frequently resort to anglicisms and the degree of semantic awareness behind their choice. The most commonly-used borrowed terms have also been singled out.

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Отголоски советского пуризма в постсоветском метадискурсе о языке

Author(s): Nam Hye Hyun / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

Significant social and political shifts cause basic changes in a language culture such as the abolition of old models of writing, speaking, and the establishment of a new model of language usage, which leads to the emergence of puristic reaction to language processes. This paper examines various manifestations of purism in the metadiscourse on modern Russian language and analyzes how they overlap with the purism in the Soviet language policy.

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Что лучше – свое или чужое?* (Опыт сопоставления чешских и русских неологизмов)

Author(s): Natalie Rajnochová / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

A lot of new words and idioms are the landmarks of contemporary European languages. This process is caused by extra linguistic factors, primarily the globalization of the modern world. But each European language has its own specific features in this process. The comparison of related Slavic languages in this respect shows a lot of differences in terms of their reaction to foreign words, which requires more detailed comments. But we can see some general trends: Russian is more open to borrowings, while Czech tries to adapt new words to its own lexical and grammatical system.

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Ambiguität (nicht nur) als ästhetische Selbstbehauptung: russische Literatur im 20. Jahrhundert im Fokus der Bachtinschen Dialogizität

Author(s): Andrea Meyer-Fraatz / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2014

Mikhail Bakhtin’s term of “dialogism” is closely connected with the terms of “ambiguity” and “ambivalence”. Describing dialogism, hybridity, and polyphony in his study “Слово в романе” [The word in the novel] he creates a poetics of ambiguity and ambivalence. The current study demonstrates on the examples of four Russian writers of the 20th century how Bakhtin’s theory can be understood this way, forming a parallel with the poetics of contemporary writers such as Daniil Kharms, Yevgeny Zamyatin, and Andrei Platonov as well as writers of the second half of the century such as Andrei Bitov. Whereas in the case of Kharms, the inherent ambiguity of the text dealt with in this article leads to a sort of dialogue among scholars, the cases of Zamyatin and Platonov are closely linked with the problem of dystopia, for which is typical the penetration of dialogism into a monological world. The last case, Andrei Bitov’s novel “Puskinhouse”, is closely linked with postmodernist ambiguity.

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