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The EU's migration commissioner is in Slovenia to discuss its urgent call for help.
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Most sensitive cases due to be resolved by December, but Bosnia’s courts face huge backlog and alleged lack of will.
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Krishna follower faces sanctions for speaking to passers-by and handing out religious books.
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Today the process of democratic transformations in this country is associated with the solution of complex political, economic, social and legal issues, one of which is the government's reorganization and optimization of the structure of its institutions. Given the socio-political and criminal situation in the country, current law enforcement bodies do not meet the requirements of the time. The process of reform of the judicial system started in 2014 in accordance with social requirements and capacities of the state. International experts noted that Ukraine as a member–state of the Council of Europe must improve its laws in accordance with European standards and apply innovative approaches during the period of problem solving. Thus it is necessary to analyze the peculiarities of the reform of the law enforcement bodies in Ukraine.The purpose of this study is to analyse the peculiarities of creation of efficient system of motivation of employees during structural transformations of the state personnel. The set scientific tasks were performed using a complex of general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, generalization, statistical and comparative.The peculiarities of the process of restructuring of the law enforcement system were analyzed. The ways to create an efficient system of motivation of employees during the structural transformation were explored. We found the most important areas of improvement in the process of encouraging social subjects to the activities with strategic objectives in fighting crime, providing social security in the material and spiritual spheres of life of the society. The paper considers ways to create opportunities of implementation of individual abilities of employees that require a thorough study of the individual abilities and needs of each individual person to revitalize his/her activities to achieve the goals of the organization. We studied such ways of stimulating employees of law-enforcement sphere as participation in development and decision–making, implementation of the contest–based vacancy occupation, demilitarisation of special ranks, democratization of personnel policy, development of professional mobility of the civil servants.It was determined that the next stage of the reform will be creation of local police departments, which will also be arranged with regard to innovative principles of employee motivation: meeting the needs of self–expression and development; independent and transparent competitive mechanism to fill vacant posts (including top management) and the development of professional mobility.Scientific novelty of this work consists in the study of peculiarities of creation of innovative motivation of law enforcement employees in the period of radical reform of the society. Planned reforms were developed taking into consideration international, including European, standards of police activities.The practical significance of obtained results is a comprehensive study of the mechanism of gradual reformatting of state law enforcement institutions and provision of specific recommendations for improvement of the new structure that renders services of protection of public order.Further research in this direction might be focused on finding innovative ways to solve the problems of the reform of the law enforcement system of this country.
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The article deals with the terminographical aspect of the first Lithuanian dictionary of law compiled in Lithuania – manuscript Teisės terminų ir kitų reikalingų teismams žodžių žodynėlio projektas (Draft dictionary of law terms and other words necessary for courts) (1920). The dictionary was prepared by the Ministry of Justice; its main compiler was, most likely, Konstantinas Jablonskis. A number of copies of this manuscript were made, therefore a few of them have survived. This is quite a large translative Russian–Lithuanian dictionary comprising 120 pages. It has a mixed structure – terms (including other lexical and syntactic units) are presented either in separate entries or grouped into a single entry according to some common feature. The dictionary presents diverse material – terms, words and their combinations used in the language of law at that time. Grammatical expression of the data also varies – nouns, adjectives, verbs and other parts of speech are included. Some Russian terms (285 entries) were not translated, though in general the data is rich – there are nearly 3900 different entries with Lithuanian equivalents.The article describes the macro and microstructure of the dictionary, the grammatical and structural types of the data. The dictionary is not particularly well thoughtout, neither is it systematically arranged and some repetition of the data can be found. Still it has to be taken into consideration that it was compiled at a time when there was no terminographical tradition in Lithuania (there were few dictionaries of terms published); therefore its faults shouldn’t be judged strictly. This dictionary is a valuable object for the history of Lithuanian terminography.
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This study examined changes in general population gambling in the light of two major amendments of the German gambling regulation, the Fifth Amendment of the German Gambling Ordinance (AGO) for commercial amusement machines with prizes (AWP) and the State Treaty on Gambling (STG) for gambling activities subject to the state monopoly. Methods: Applying cross-sectional data from the 2006 and 2009 Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (ESA), propensity-score-matched samples of 7,970 subjects and 3,624 12-month gamblers aged 18–64 years were used for analyses. Logistic regression was employed to examine changes in gambling controlling for possible confounding variables. Results: Overall participation in state gambling activities, participation in lotto as well as TV lottery decreased and gambling on Internet card games increased. No changes were found for any other gambling activity, 12-month prevalence of any gambling and pathological gambling. While weekly gambling declined, overall multiple gambling increased. Effects were similar in the total sample and among current gamblers. Conclusions: Prohibiting specific gambling activities, e.g., Internet gambling, seem to be insufficient approaches to change gambling behavior. Supply reduction might need to be enhanced by changes in game characteristics and implementation of early intervention measures. However, long-term consequences are uncertain and further monitoring is needed.
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The article explores the socio-pedagogical prerequisites and the main stages in the development of student self-government as a socio-cultural phenomenon and as a special form of initiative, independent public activity of students aimed at solving important issues of life activity of the university, developing social activity, supporting civic initiatives of student youth. During the research a number of general scientific methods were used: historical, descriptive and comparative. With the help of the historical method, the main stages of the development of student self-government, the features of its transformation in the educational space, were analyzed. The descriptive method made it possible to single out and systematize the features of the functioning of bodies of student government at all stages of its development. The application of the comparative method helped to identify the main differences and general characteristics in the structures of student self-government and procedurally provided a comparison of the implementation of the rights and competencies of student self-government bodies. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the main stages of the formation and development of student self-government in the Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Bukovinian State Medical University» are systematically presented, the understanding of the essence and functions of student self-government in the higher educational institution was deepened, and ideas for attracting students as competent, active and constructive partners in creation and formation of the European Higher Education Area. Conclusions. It is proved that student self-government is a form of self-organization of students, a mechanism for representation and assertion of one's rights, the possibility of self-realization. It is student self-management that is called upon to protect the rights of students and be their representative in the administrations of universities. Student self-government is determined by the law and the real ability of the student community to independently resolve issues within the framework of the current legislation and the university statute. The authors analyzed the development of student self-government in the historical aspect, which made it possible to determine the direct relationship between the essential features of its development and socio-political tendencies in the state.
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The article "On the kings and those under their power" (sheets 37a-41b) in the Archival Nomokanon represents Church Law. We give proof that it was written by tsar Simeon (913-927). The historic references in the text allow us to date its creation to 913, the year when Bulgarian church was proclaimed autocephalous in Veliki Preslav.
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The subject of the article is to identify the factors and conditions that determined the system of government of the II Republic of Poland in the first years after regaining independence at the end of 1918. The study is devoted to three issues: the system of government at the turn of 1918 and 1919, the system of government under the Small Constitution and the system of government in the light of drafts of the Constitution of the II Republic of Poland. According to the author substitutes of the parliamentary system of government were born already in the first weeks of the functioning the Polish state authorities. Under the Small Constitution of 20 February 1919, an attempt was made to introduce the system of parliamentary supremacy. This turned out to be impossible given the high level of authority enjoyed by the country’s head of state – Józef Piłsudski, who also served as its commander in chief. Drafts of the Constitution assumed (mostly) the weak position of the president. In this way, the Constitution of 17 March 1921 adopted the parliamentary-cabinet system of government, which was modeled on the system adopted by the III French Republic.
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Zakon o radu u institucijama Bosne i Hercegovine, između ostalog, reguliše i radno-pravni status zaposlenika_ca u udruženjima i fondacijama Bosne i Hercegovine (član 1, stav 2, tačka c). Formulacija da se ovaj zakon odnosi i na zaposlenike_ce u udruženjima i fondacijama Bosne i Hercegovine ne navodi jasno da li se to odnosi isključivo na ona udruženja i fondacije koje osnivaju BiH i njene institucije, ili i na udruženja i fondacije registrovane pri Ministarstvu pravde BiH, a koje osnivaju građani_ke i pravna lica koja nisu u vlasništvu BiH. Time se otvara pitanje primjene odredbi zakona koje se odnose na način zasnivanja i prekida radnog odnosa, gdje postoje velike suštinske razlike između udruženja i fondacija, s jedne, i državne službe, s druge strane. Prema izmjenama i dopunama ovog zakona iz 2018. godine pojedine odredbe izuzimaju se od primjene na udruženja i fondacije, poput onih koje se tiču prijema u radni odnos, obaveze poštivanja nacionalne strukture stanovništva BiH, obaveze polaganja stručnog ispita, stavljanje zaposlenika na raspolaganje, i druge. Nove izmjene uvode i posebno poglavlje 14a, koje reguliše otkazivanje ugovora o radu u udruženjima i fondacijama. Međutim, neke problematične odredbe ostaju na snazi, kao što je nefleksibilnost za povremene i privremene periode u kojima finansijski uslovi ne omogućuju isplatu dogovorene plaće, jer zakon u obzir uzima samo ugovore na određeno i neodređeno vrijeme. Sporne su i odredbe vezane za rad s volonterima_kama, koji se reguliše zakonima o volontiranju, ali i zakoni o radu definišu prava, obaveze i uslove zapošljavanja volontera_ki. Zemlje Evropske unije ne izdvajaju udruženja i fondacije iz preostalih pravnih lica koja učestvuju na tržištu rada. Svaki_a zaposlenik_ca, bez obzira na vrstu ugovora, uključujući i one radnike_ce koji_e nemaju ugovor o radu (freelance ugovori, povremeni ugovori te radnici_e angažovani_e preko agencije za posredovanje u zapošljavanju), ima pravo na poštovanje minimuma ljudskih prava, što podrazumijeva zaštitu od diskriminacije, pravo na sindikalno udruživanje te zaštitu zdravlja i sigurnosti u vršenju radnih zadataka. Dok EU propisuje pravni okvir na nivou unije, svaka zemlja članica ima pravo na izvjesne specifičnosti u svom nacionalnom zakonodavstvu. U cilju rješavanja problema, potrebno je izraditi zakonski okvir koji bi posebno tretirao pitanje nevladinog sektora te uzeo u obzir specifičnosti rada organizacija civilnog društva i doprinio rješavanju niza problema koji također obuhvataju i pitanje radnih odnosa. Kao alternativa ovome moguće su izmjene i dopune Zakona o radu u institucijama BiH tako da se jasno definiše položaj udruženja i fondacija registrovanih pri Ministarstvu pravde BiH i izbjegne sukob u primjeni ovog zakona i entitetskih zakona o radu na zaposlenike_ce udruženja i fondacija.
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The article reviews the possible objects included in the treasure, the regulation of this legal institute in ancient Rome, and the possibility of application of Roman Law in comparison with Art. 351 of the Spanish Civil Code in relation to the at-tribution of scientific discoveries and art production to the treasures.
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The Tabula Baetica, Formula Baetica, or Bronze de Bonanza, as it is also known for the place where it was found towards the end of S. I A. C. or principles of S. II A. C., it could be a simple model or form, or a real authentic fiduciary business document. In the present work we will perform an exegesis as detailed as possible of the text, comparing it with other sources that contemplate different institutions for the purposes of real guarantee.
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The article examines the procedure of peaceful solution of the disputes and the view of the circumstantial check as processual forms of the peace jurisdiction in resolving of civil disputes regarding the possession, the borders, the servitudes and the harms of the real estates. In the text are analyzed the advantages of these processual actions of the peace jurisdiction court and it is made a comparison between similar forms applied in the jurisdiction of the common courts.
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Discriminarea presupune un fenomen de aplicare a unor diferenţieri în recunoașterea drepturilor salariaților, efectul unor astfel de acțiuni constând în lipsa de utilizare a folosinței drepturilor și libertăților fundamentale ale acestora. Existența discriminării constă astfel în nerecunoașterea criteriilor protejate precizate în actele normative interne și europene ce au ca obiect egalitatea de tratament, chiar și practicile aparent neutre ale angajatorilor putând determina efecte nelegale. Sub acest aspect, facem trimitere la practicile ce induc direct sau indirect restrângerea, înlăturarea recunoaşterii, folosinţei sau exercitării drepturilor şi libertăţilor fundamentale ale salariaților în raporturile de muncă. Articolul detaliază fenomenul discriminării salariale în raporturile juridice de muncă ale funcționarilor publici, prin prisma aplicării noii legi a salarizării, în contextul în care aceasta cuprinde dispoziții contrare actelor normative în materie de nediscriminare existente în circuitul juridic intern.
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The aim of the report is to focus on the deepening work processes in another country that requires research on labor migration. Although Bulgarian legislation uses the terms „labor mobility” and „labor migration”, there is lack of scientific analysis of these law terms. On the one hand, nationals of one Member State are not migrants in another Member State because of the principle of free movement and residence. These nationals have all labor rights that Bulgarian citizens have. On the other hand, third-country nationals are considered as migrants and face some special requirements when they choose to work in Bulgaria. At present, such differences are not overcome by international and European law.
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Author pays her attention to the particularities of the asylum procedure, especially to the security aspect, which has to be taken into account, when assessing the applicant's person in deciding his/her application for international protection. The administrative body has to obtain information from the intelligence services and, on the basis of their opinion, decide on the application in question.Member States may make an exception where disclosure of information or sources would jeopardize national security, the security of the organizations or person(s) providing the information or the security of the person(s) to whom the information relates or where the investigative interests relating to the examination of applications for international protection by the competent authorities of the Member States or the international relations of the Member States would be compromised. The method of transposing this exception into the Asylum Act has become the subject of the case at the Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic.
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The article discusses the frequent cases of irregular summons to parties in district court cases due to their emigration and the problems they face in calling for them, as well as the inability to protect their interests due to the lack of electronic summons and e-justice at the moment. The necessity of electronic summons and e-justice in the Republic of Bulgaria is argued.
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This report pinpoints the serious issues that are related to the process of migration and the risks of terrorist attacks. It maintains that there should be put an equal effort into achieving two of the main goals. These include protecting the national security and public order watch- on the one hand, and the protection of human rights - on the other. In doing so there must be avoided any act of violation against the human rights.The particular judicial case, the decision of which was delivered in 2002, has significance not only for Bulgaria but also for the other European countries because the European Court established a loop in the Bulgarian law.In the following years after the decision has been rendered, the Bulgarian legislation was reformed and the opportunity for judicial review of the administrative acts for expulsion was provided.
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The need for labour force necessitates the development of mechanisms for access to the labour market by third-country nationals, taking into account the potential threats of migration to the national security. In Bulgarian legislation the terms under which foreigners may reside in the country for the purposes of employment and the procedures through which they might be granted the respective permits are defined clearly. The role of the services for administrative control of foreigners is essential in this process due to the mandatory requirement for the migrant to have the required residence permit to conduct work. Тhe report looks into the procedures for issuance of different types of documents for residence of persons with the aim of providing access to the labour market, implemented by the Migration Directorate of the Ministry of Interior and the respective sections„Migration” in the regional directorates of the MoI.
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The issue of leadership is bothering many modern researchers from various scientific disciplines, including those who are interested in the security problem. Currently, three basic leadership models are distinguished in the group: autocratic, democratic and permissive. Ways of managing others have been described in the literature and are clearly defined. Although they have been given different names, they all share a common feature: they oscillate between two poles, namely autocracy and democratism.
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