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Svođenje računa – tranziciona pravda u istorijskoj perspektivi
This book offers an analysis of transitional justice - retribution and reparation after a change of political regime - from Athens in the fifth century BC to the present
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This book offers an analysis of transitional justice - retribution and reparation after a change of political regime - from Athens in the fifth century BC to the present
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The Gulag Survivor – Beyond the Soviet System is the first book published in Ex-Yugoslavia to examine at length and in-depth the post-camp experience of Stalins victims and their fate in post-Soviet Russia. Based on extensive interviews, memoirs, official records, The Gulag Survivor describes what survivors experienced when they returned to society, how officials helped or hindered them, and how issues surrounding their existence evolved from the 1950s to the present.
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Articles collected in this volume, written mostly in the past five years, attempt to develop themes already articulated in the Les Frontières de la démocratie. The book deals with historical and political borders, as places where citoyenneté and la civilité are being challenged, as loose or firm battle lines where democracy could be tamed or gain new inspiration. It deals with ambiguity of the term »community«, as community of peoples, community of citizens, national community striving to become trans-national on various levels where it is being constructed and sometimes de-constructed. (From Preface)
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Improvement of registration of non-profit organisations (NPOs) is a necessary precondition for strengthening the civil society and increasing its transparency and accountability. An easy and simple registration procedure, with no duplication of information and functioning automatic exchange of data, would allow the civic sector to concentrate on its substantive priorities. The registration of NPOs and its subsequent maintenance determines to a large extent the relations between those organisations and the state authorities and is an indicator of the will of decision makers to lighten excessive administrative burden and thus facilitate the civil sector's development. The concept offered and the recommendations for legislative changes provide support to institutions in achieving that aim.
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The report explores the legal, institutional and policy framework of countering child trafficking in Bulgaria and assisting and reintegrating its victims. It looks at Bulgarian criminal law and criminal procedure, as well as other legal norms, relevant to the subject, and the extent to which they comply with international standards. The study presents the different stages of referral victims go through, the various institutions and organisations, involved in the process, and the policies and initiatives they pursue in improving child victims’ situation. A number of recommendations are put forward in terms of possible legislative amendments, strengthening policy framework and furthering capacity building of institutions, entrusted with combating child trafficking.
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The publication analyses and assesses the legal framework on countering organised crime and examines the problems, which arise in its practical application. On this basis, recommendations are made to improve the legislation and bring it into conformity with international standards and the existing good practices, as well as to overcome the weaknesses in the application of law which impede the detection and punishment of organised criminal activity or infringe fundamental principles of criminal procedure and the rights of the participants in it.
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This publication provides an overview of the hidden economy dynamics in Bulgaria. The authors make an analysis of the effects of the crisis on the labor market and undeclared work based on the results from the Hidden Economy Monitoring System. After examining the European and the Bulgarian experience of the last five years, they make recommendations to the improvement of the public policies for reducing the hidden economy. The authors also justify the necessity of combining administrative control, socio-economic measures and structural reforms in the control administrations and the law enforcement agencies.
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The report Organised Crime Threat Assessment: Methodological Problems and International Experience contains methodology models and samples used for the assessment of threats associated with organised crime as well as official documents of EU member states combining the analysis of criminal phenomena with forecasts and recommendations for counteractions to be taken by national bodies and specialized European organizations such as Europol.
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Public procurement is among those spheres in the management of the public sector in Bulgaria which are characterized by the highest corruption risk. Generally speaking, the abuses in this sphere relate to the awarding of the public procurement contract to a pre-selected supplier to the detriment of the public interest through violation of the principles of competition for the purpose of gaining personal benefit. // The report examines the corruption in public procurement and assesses the losses from it. It also focuses on big corruption in public procurement with a view to the fine-tuning of the policy tools. This type of corruption covers all transactions and procedures which fall or should fall within the scope of the public procurement legislation. These are most of the supplies whose price or qualitative parameters are subject to negotiation between the contracting authorities in the public sector and the suppliers from the private sector.
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National and international corruption indices suggest that the Bulgarian tax administration has an important role to play in fighting corruption. While the general public and the business community are inclined to think better of the tax administration, in terms of the levels and spread of corruption, by comparison with other institutions, such as customs, the police or the judiciary, corruption in the tax administration is still admittedly rather high. Business largely believes that most, if not all, tax officers are involved in corruption. Over the last five years, one out of five businesses on average has come under corruption pressure at the hands of tax officers. While they would not go as far as to accept the taxpayers’ perception of the situation, members of the tax administration do not deny the problem. They see the administration’s functional areas for Tax Audit and Operational Control as worst affected in terms of, respectively, the amounts of money changing hands and the frequency of such transactions. International surveys are inconclusive about the level of corruption in the Bulgarian tax administration on a comparison basis. The World Economic Forum rates it as relatively low within the enlarged European Union. By contrast, the World Bank has found it to be higher than corruption levels in most of the Balkans and the former Soviet republics. // The purpose of this study is not primarily to add another estimate of the level and scale of tax corruption in Bulgaria but rather, to contribute to an in-depth diagnosis of the phenomenon in terms of its drivers at work in individual and institutional behaviour.National and international corruption indices suggest that the Bulgarian tax administration has an important role to play in fighting corruption. While the general public and the business community are inclined to think better of the tax administration, in terms of the levels and spread of corruption, by comparison with other institutions, such as customs, the police or the judiciary, corruption in the tax administration is still admittedly rather high. Business largely believes that most, if not all, tax officers are involved in corruption. Over the last five years, one out of five businesses on average has come under corruption pressure at the hands of tax officers. While they would not go as far as to accept the taxpayers’ perception of the situation, members of the tax administration do not deny the problem. They see the administration’s functional areas for Tax Audit and Operational Control as worst affected in terms of, respectively, the amounts of money changing hands and the frequency of such transactions. International surveys are inconclusive about the level of corruption in the Bulgarian tax administration on a comparison basis. The World Economic Forum rates it as relatively low within the enlarged European Union. By contrast, the World Bank has found it to be higher than corruption levels in most of the Balkans and the former Soviet republics. The purpose of this study is not primarily to add another estimate of the level and scale of tax corruption in Bulgaria but rather, to contribute to an in-depth diagnosis of the phenomenon in terms of its drivers at work in individual and institutional behaviour.
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The report concludes that despite the evolution of Bulgaria’s arms export controls and its relatively clean record, compared to most of the 1990s, there is still room for improvement. The best approach to tackling all the issues raised in this report is through stricter implementation of the new export control mechanism adopted in 2002. // The report is divided into five parts. Part one provides an analysis of the social and economic reasons that have contributed to the reluctance among Bulgarian politicians to strengthen arms controls. It describes the transformation of the defense industry in the post-Communist transition period, as well as its current state. Part two provides an analytical description of Bulgaria’s arms control mechanism. Part three examines the factors contributing to illegal arms exports from Bulgaria and offers some data from recent cases. Part four focuses on the potential social, economic, and political effects of stronger arms controls. The last section offers a number of recommendations for the improvement of the export-control system.
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This is the second updated edition under the same title, published by the Center for the Study of Democracy of its Reports/ Analyses series to be distributed among participants in Regional Coordination Meeting of Subtable "Justice and Home Affairs" of Stability Pact Working Table III, held in Sofia on October 3rd, 2000. // This latest analytical report is the outcome of the efforts of non-government organizations and state institutions, and of independent experts and journalists as well within the framework of the Coalition 2000 process. Launched in 1997, Coalition 2000 strives to support the restriction and curbing of corrupt practices in Bulgarian society, including regular monitoring of public perceptions and attitudes towards corruption. // The illicit trafficking growth, as one of the most important sources of local "gray economy" throughout the 90ies, was caused by a number of international and internal factors, the most crucial of which being the weakening of the post-communist state and the spread of corruption practices among state officials. // The threat on society posed by the interlacing of the interests both of crossborder crime perpetrators and the associated corrupt public officials (customs officials being the most alarming example according to public opinion), became a serious public concern. This initiated the necessity to analyze the phenomenon and to identify adequate monitoring and counteraction measures, moreover this type of crime finds further confirmation in experts' estimate that a large portion of the local gray economy is related to smuggling of goods and the proceeds of the respective unlawful activities.
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The report for a second consecutive year presents information about Bulgaria’s crime rate from an alternative source - victimization surveys - and attempts to make a systematic comparison of the crime level according to victim-reported crime and police crime data. The crime situation in Bulgaria is also compared to crime in a number of European countries. The findings of three national crime victims surveys, referred to throughout this report as National Crime Surveys (NCS), offer an opportunity to assess street crime in Bulgaria in the period 2000–2005. // The first NCS 2002 and NCS 2004 examined only 11 categories of offenses against households and persons, while NCS 2005 also incorporates 11 categories of offenses against companies. The 11 categories of offenses included in the NCS correspond to about 80% of all police-registered crimes in Bulgaria. The report does not cover corruption, drug-related or organized crime offenses, as they are the subject of other CSD analyses. // Toward the end of the 1990s and, particularly after the year 2000, as the prospect of EU membership became more likely, greater political stability and economic prosperity in Bulgaria led to a gradual decrease in crime. This trend, which was most perceptible in the period 2000–2005, was the result of several factors. Declining unemployment, rising incomes and economic growth provided alternatives to many individuals with criminal incomes. Demographic processes and emigration also contributed to the reduction in crime. Further strengthening of the judiciary and the law-enforcement systems, in an attempt to meet EU-set requirements, revived the criminal justice system, which in 2004 issued six times more sentences than it did in 1993. // A comparison of the NCS 2005 with the European Union International Crime Survey (EUICS) shows that Bulgaria’s level of street crime has remained lower than the average level of EU countries. Whereas in 2004 the average EU prevalence rate for the eleven crime categories among citizens above 15 was 15.6%, the prevalence rate in Bulgaria was 12.9%. The dynamics of some types of crimes, however, calls for special attention.
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Published in 1936 by » Établissements Émile Bruylant, Société anonyme d’Éditions Juridiques et Scientifiques « (Brussels). // M. Moskov's work comes out at a time (1936) when the Law of Nations is going through a particularly acute phase of depression. Jurists will only be more pleased to see, at this precise moment, express with such lucidity, firmness and faith this interpretation of one of the most curious creations of contemporary international law: the guarantee of Minorities Rights elaborated in International Law. Without any doubt, it will surprise many politicians who have been directly involved, in recent years, in resolving the difficulties relating to the treatment of minorities. But is it not the highest mission of the jurist to project on the creations of social life the strong light of a penetrating analysis, to identify their distant origins, to mark their analogies, to render intelligible the functioning of the cogs of the new institution, to locate its place in the evolution of the Law? Attentive to the psychological, moral and social aspects of the new phenomenon, as well as to the conventional texts of which he gives us a penetrating analysis, M. Moskov gives these legal developments a solid basis which carries conviction. His main thesis, which the internationalists of the Contemporary School would be grateful to him for having demonstrated, is that the guarantee of the League of Nations constitutes in this case a real public function, not a faculty. The Council could not therefore avoid it without failing in its task.
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The Migration Conference 2023 Book of Abstracts includes about 400 abstracts of papers presented at the Conference from 23 to 26 August 2023. The Migration Conference 2023 is hosted by the Faculty of Law at Hamburg University in Germany. Details of the conference programme and the links to the online sessions can be inspected here. www.migrationconference.net | @migrationevent | fb.me/MigrationConference | Email: migrationscholar@gmail.com
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In this collection are included papers from a scientific conference organized by the Law Department of New Bulgarian University, held on April 30, 2022. The conference marked the 30th anniversary of Bulgaria’s membership in this renowned international organization in Europe. The effects of this membership are to be found in the strengthening of issues such as the rule of law, democracy and human rights leading to reforms affecting the overall national legal order.
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The Migration Conference 2023 Selected Papers includes short papers from several tracks that were included in the TMC 2023 Hamburg programme. Migration Conferences are annual scholarly gatherings accommodating debates about migration, migrants, refugees, asylum seekers, integration, diasporas and all other relevant topics from various social science disciplines while also hosting debates involving policy makers, media and third sector representatives. The Migration Conference 2023 was hosted by the Faculty of Law at Hamburg University in Germany. Details of the conference programme and the links to the online sessions can be inspected here. www.migrationconference.net | @migrationevent | fb.me/MigrationConference | Email: migrationscholar@gmail.com
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The subject of the study is the officials of the city of Będzin from the earliest times (i.e. from the 14th century) to the present. The main part is a compilation of lists of persons holding official positions in the institutions of the municipal government. The work includes biographies of selected individuals holding municipal offices in the period from the Middle Ages to the outbreak of World War II. The selection is not discretionary, but determined by the surviving sources and the possibility of using them to outline the biography. The two opening chapters provide an overview of Będzin's history and the history of its political system and municipal government from the founding of the city to the present day.
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Embark on an enlightening journey through the vast expanse of space law and policy with "Space Environment and International Politics". Authored by experts in the field, this comprehensive volume explores the intricacies of international space law, from the development of legal frameworks to the challenges posed by space debris and the regulation of space activities. Delving into the space policies of international organizations such as the United Nations, NATO, and the European Space Agency, the book offers invaluable insights into efforts to ensure outer space security and foster sustainable space politics. Examining key issues surrounding space security and warfare, including cyber security threats and the militarization of space, the authors provide a nuanced understanding of the evolving geopolitical dynamics. With its meticulous research, insightful analysis, and balanced discussions, this book is an indispensable resource for policymakers, scholars, and practitioners navigating the complex terrain of international space law and politics. Whether you're a seasoned professional or an aspiring student, "Space Environment and International Politics" offers a captivating glimpse into the legal, political, and technological dimensions of politics beyond Earth.
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