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The Good of the Child — the Good of the Family, the Church and Society

Author(s): Helena Hrehovà / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

The article entitled “The Good of the Child — the Good of the Family, the Church and Society” deals with the fact that reminds people for many centuries that the child is a good in three aspects: for the family, the Church and society. The family is the first and irreplaceable form of human community. In the family, every person learns to love and to form him- or herself through moral-ethical education in harmonic relationship with other people. These are rational reasons why we should protect the traditional family against marginalization and interventions from government and state administration. Parents have a right to educate their own children and children have a right to have both parents — mother and father. In the Churche very child is a gift from God and living limb of Christ’s mystical body, therefore the Church has a duty to protect human life from conception to natural death. The child needs society and society needs children in order to function and have a future. Thus, the article stresses three convictions: human dignity is inviolable and sacred; with every person comes God’s blessing into the world; any attempt to separate man from God is the most tragic mistake of modern people.

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FİLİSTİN- İSRAİL SORUNUNUN GÖZ ARDI EDİLEN TARAFI: İSRAİL’İN FİLİSTİNLİ VATANDAŞLARI

Author(s): Ayşe Tekdal Fildiş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2017

Immediately following the foundation of the state of Israel in 1948, its people were subject to live in a divided land, compromising of a Palestinian Majority of67 per cent. However, following the creation of the state this number was significantly reduced to a mere 16 per cent by military methods and forced migration. Subsequently, the Palestinian population was reduced from about 950,000 to150,000. The Palestinians in the Israeli territory were immediately put under martial law. The principle’s “ensure complete equality of social and political rights to all its inhabitants irrespective of religion, race or sex” ", which was announced in the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, which has never applied to the Palestinian citizens of Israel.The fact that Israel, which has defended itself as the only democracy in the Middle East for decades, had not recognized any rights granted to Palestinian minorities living within the state of Israel.Therefore could Israel be considered a democracy when it neglects fundamental rights to the Palestinian citizens of Israel?A two state solution for Israeli-Palestinian problems has been discussed internationally since its partition, which was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 29 November 1947.However, while these discussions are under way, the presence and position of 1.8 million Palestinian Israeli citizens who inhabit the state,compromising roughly 20 percent of Israel’s total population continue to be neglected.Palestinians living in Israel make up 12 percent of the total Palestinian population in the world, and any solution which is ignoring them is not practically viable for either the State of Israel or Palestinian Authorities.This article aims to discuss the issues of Palestinian citizens of Israel who have been ignored in the peace negotiation process, the dilemmas of the two-state solution proposed by the United Nations General Assembly.

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Rozi izvještaj 2016. Godišnji izvještaj o stanju ljudskih prava LGBTI osoba u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Vladana Vasić,Saša Gavrić,Emina Bošnjak / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: */2016

U odnosu na 2014. godinu, 2015. nije donijela značajnu promjenu za stanje ljudskih prava LGBTI osoba: broj slučajeva diskriminacije i nasilja na osnovu seksualne orijentacije koju je Sarajevski otvoreni centar dokumentovao nije se smanjio. Dapače, broj slučajeva kršenja ljudskih prava lezbejki, gejeva, biseksualnih, transrodnih i interspolnih (LGBTI) osoba se povećao. Također se povećao broj LGBTI osoba koje su kontaktirale Sarajevski otvoreni centar u potrazi za pomoći pri traženju azila, promjeni oznake spola u dokumentima i u adekvatnoj psihološkoj podršci (što je posebno naglašeno u slučaju trans* osoba koje prolaze kroz tranziciju – prilagodbu spola). Također, pomoć smo pružali i pri vađenju dokumenata koji su potrebni da bi se sklopio brak/istospolno partnerstvo u državama u kojima je to moguće. Sve ukazuje na to da se nisu desile nikakve strukturalne promjene koje bi značajno utjecale na poboljšanje kvaliteta života LGBTI osoba i njihovu inkluziju u bh. društvo. Način medijskog izvještavanja tokom 2015. godine pokazuje nedovoljno snažan napredak, što se ogleda u povećanju broja članaka koji na neutralan način predstavljaju LGBTI osobe i teme. Trend koji najviše zabrinjava jeste neadekvatno i sporo procesuiranje napada na LGBTI osobe, uglavnom u slučajevima u kojima one koriste pravo na javno okupljanje: slučaj Merlinka iz 2014. godine, te slučaj napada na posjetitelje_ice Art kina Kriterion. I dok policija i pravosuđe u pogledu zaštite LGBTI osoba kojima su povrijeđena prava pokazuju nikakav ili spor napredak, uprkos trogodišnjoj saradnji sa Sarajevskim otvorenim centrom, proljeće 2015. je nagovijestilo novi odnos i pristup zakonodavne i izvršne vlasti na državnom i entitetskom nivou prema unapređenju zakonodavnog i javnopolitičkog okvira za zaštitu prava LGBTI osoba. U maju 2015. godine, državni parlament je održao prvu tematsku sjednicu o stanju ljudskih prava LGBTI osoba u BiH sa tri konkretna zaključka. Početni entuzijazam LGBTI aktivista_ica zbog održavanja tematske sjednice splasnuo je nakon što ni nakon skoro godinu dana zaključci još uvijek nisu provedeni niti ostvareni. Ipak, ovim činom su otvorena vrata saradnje između predstavnika_ca civilnog društva koji se bave pravima LGBTI osoba i parlamentarnih komisija za ljudska prava i ostvarivanje ravnopravnosti spolova. U decembru 2015, ponovo pionirski potez vlasti: Vlada Republike Srpske usvaja Godišnji plan za implementaciju Gender akcionog plana (GAP) za 2016. godinu, koji, između ostalog, sadrži i specifične mjere za zaštitu prava LGBTI osoba. Nakon toga slijedi isti potez Vlade FBiH u martu 2016. godine. Ovo je prvi put da vlade u Bosni i Hercegovini uključuju prava LGBTI osoba u svoje akcione planove. I dok je pred nama da vidimo kako će spomenute mjere biti provedene u praksi, nadu u njihovo ostvarenje posebno održava partnerstvo između Sarajevskog otvorenog centra i institucionalnih mehanizama za ravnopravnost spolova. Vijeće ministara BiH je u decembru 2015. utvrdilo prijedlog Zakona o izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o zabrani diskriminacije, koji sadrži i konkretne amandmane upućene od strane Sarajevskog otvorenog centra, koji bi omogućili sveobuhvatnu zaštitu od diskriminacije za sve lezbejke, gejeve, biseksualne, trans* i interspolne osobe. Zakon u aprilu 2016. ulazi u parlamentarnu proceduru.

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The Legal History of Gratitude Payments to Physicians in Hungary

Author(s): Julesz Máté / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

In Hungary, Act XIV of 1891 on Medical Care for Industrial and Factory Employees made it compulsory for most blue-collar workers to be members of welfare funds (betegsegélyező pénztár). In Hungary, Act I of 1936 on Medical Activity, Sec. 39(1), stipulated that physicians were entitled to a fee when practising medicine privately. In the 1970s and even for decades before and after, gratuities were paid in advance as an illegal but socially legitimate form of bribery. During the history of gratuities in Hungary, it has always been a crucial question whether to pay the gratuity to the physician in advance or only after treatment. The Code of Medical Ethics of the American Medical Association of 1847 was taken into consideration during the codification of the Hungarian Act on Health of 1972. This Code of Medical Ethics forbids physicians from accepting any payment from other physicians for medical services. However, in other cases, the Code permits the acceptance of payments for medical services as a remuneration for self-employed persons. According to the Corpus Hippocraticum, the physician is only allowed to accept money for medical services after treatment and the physician is not allowed to force the patient to pay. Gratuities for physicians in Hungary seem to be inherent to the low earnings among physicians, and the situation is similar for nurse practitioners.

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Pastoral Care of Youth in the Czech Republic — Legal Aspects

Author(s): Stanislav Přibyl / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2017

The communist regime in Czechoslovakia belonged among the most repressive in the former Soviet sphere. It made efforts of ideological indoctrination of youth and used various means in order to isolate young people from the religious life. Solely after the changes in 1989 it is possible to organize structures of many-sided care of youth within the Churches. In the framework of the Catholic Church there belongs a great deal of merits to the Salesian Congregation which operated with youth in the secret structures already in the times of totalitarianism when the male Church orders were abolished. The Czech Bishop Conference established its Section for Youth, also the Church movements as Focolare or Charismatic Renewal take part on the care of young Christians. The care of youth exploits the possibilities offered by the canon law. A special attention is turned to the problem of quality of the Church music for youth. Also the Catholic Traditionalists, Greek Catholics, Orthodox Church and the other Christian Churches employ the religious freedom and establish various organizations for young believers according to the civil law and their inner church prescriptions.

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Accessibility of Polish and Nordic Cittaslow Towns

Author(s): Alicja Zawadzka / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The main objective of this article is to indicate transport accessibility (according to two criteria: fly&60 and 6×60×60) and information accessibility (on the Internet) of all Polish (28 ) and all Nordic (9 ) towns — members of the International Network of Cities Where Living is Good. The research was conducted using non-reactive methods: content analysis and desk research. The analysis has shown that the fly&60 criterion is met by eight Cittaslow towns (seven Polish and one Nordic), and the 6×60×60 criterion — by five towns (four Polish and one Nordic), which confirms the thesis on the peripheral nature of Cittaslow cities, which in fact may be perceived as an attracting factor. Their location, away from frequently used routes, may attract (some of them already do so) tourists seeking alternative forms of leisure, following a growing global trend of sustainable tourism. The level of accessibility to online information on the Cittaslow towns is varied, but rather low.

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Сведения за църковни вакъфи през XVIII в. в османски документи от фонда „Пископос калеми“

Author(s): Krasimira Moutafova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Information about the Church vakafs in the 18th Century in Ottoman Documents from the Fund “Piskopos Kalemi”Abstract: The research is based on the yet unpublished Ottoman archive documents from the fund “Piskopos kalemi”, the earliest of which is from 1701 and the latest one is from 1777. In this rich archive fund of the Ottoman Archive in Istanbul at the General Directorate of State Archives in the Republic of Turkey are kept documents from the so called department Piskopos mukataas? kalemi (“The chancellery of the Bishop’s matters”) part of the defterhane called Piskopos halifesi kalemi in the 19th c. It addresses the various issues concerning Christian churches and keeps all documents concerning the Orthodox clergy, the Christian churches and monasteries. The information contained in the Patriarchal pleas (arzuhals) selected for the purpose of the study, compiled by the Patriarchs of Constantinople Kalinik II, Gavriil III, Jeremiah III, Paisios II; the Serbian Patriarchs Moses and Ioannikios III and the Ohrid Archbishop-Patriarch Joasaph II, concerning the collection of church taxes and fees, provide an opportunity for a research and real interference in the discussed Ottoman studies about the so called church vakafs. The comparative analysis of the available and newly translated sources from the fund “Piskopos kalemi” shows that the Christian vakafs most often turn into church vakafs.

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REFORMA SISTEMULUI ELECTORAL ÎN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA: PARTICULARITĂȚILE VOTULUI DIN STÂNGA NISTRULUI

Author(s): Peru Aurelia,Valentin Dorogan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2018

This study reflects the evolutions of the electoral system in the Republic of Moldova, starting with the elections from 1990 to the present. Especially in the 12th legislature’s Parliament, there were deputies from Transnistria (5 districts from the left bank of the Dniester). Than elections took place based on the majority electoral system. Because of the change in the electoral system, the elections of February 24, 2019 will take place in accordance with the rules of the mixed system. There will formed 2 circumspections in Trasnistria, 48 on the state’s territory and 3outside of it. There are about 15% of the country's electorat in Transnistria.

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The Relationship between Foreign Direct Investments and EU Funding During the 2007–2013 Programming Period

Author(s): Łukasz Cywiński / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

The review of economic literature indicates that the 2007–2013 programming period has not yet been completely analyzed in terms of the EU funds and stock of FDI. Moreover, previous studies omitted most of the EU funds because they focused mainly on structural funds and cohesion funds. The main question of this paper is organized around whether there is a positive relationship between the stock of FDI and specific EU funds. We use a panel of 27 EU countries to analyze fifty policy variables from the 2007–2013 programming period with panel linear regression models. In contrast to analysis of previous programming periods, the results did not indicate that there was a statistically significant relationship between structural or cohesion funds and the stock of FDI. The results indicate instead that ceteris paribus FDI stock is influenced by EU funds for preservation and management of natural resources and the media 2007 programme. And more specifically that EUR 100 million increase of funds for preservation and management of natural resources increased FDI stock by 1,01%–2,02%. A one million increase of funds for media 2007 related programs increased FDI stock by 3,36%–4,29%. Additionally, the results indicate that there is an interaction between GDP per capita and funds for the preservation of animal and plant health, and GDP per capita with funds for solidarity and management of migration flows. This research is a pilot study. According to the author’s knowledge this is the first analysis that takes into account all EU policy variables, and not just a selected few as well as the first study that analyses FDI and all EU funds during the 2007–2013 programming period.

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The Impact of a Circular Economy on Sustainable Development

Author(s): Kazimierz Górka,Marcin Łuszczyk,Agnieszka Thier / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

The issue of the exhaustibility and limited of natural resources has been noticed, among others, as a result of intensive economic development and civilization progress. In the second half of the 20th the emission of industrial and municipal pollutants, mainly as a result of burning fossil fuels, also became a serious problem. The article presents the essence and manifestations of the economy in a closed circuit and its impact on shaping sustainable socio-economic development, as well as the analysis of the possibilities of implementing these principles in business practice and in everyday life. According to the authors, managing in a closed circulation appears to be the highest stage of civilization development. Closing the so-called the loop and the economic cycle is becoming real in many areas as a result of extending the life cycle of products, the use of an ever-wider range of waste as secondary raw materials — instead of primary raw materials, the use of renewable energy sources, rationalization of water and forest management, etc.

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Entrepreneurial Orientation, Growth and Development of SMEs. Empirical Results from Poland and the Czech Republic

Author(s): Krzysztof Łobos,Mirosława Szewczyk / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

Based on individual-level data from a cross-sectional sample of small and medium enterprises located in Poland and the Czech Republic we performed an analysis of the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on SMEs’ growth and development. The hypotheses outlined in the study were tested by using structural equation modeling. The study results revealed that overall there was a strong measure of agreement among SMEs from Poland and the Czech Republic. SMEs in Poland and the Czech Republic have a similar approach to pro-activeness, innovativeness and risk-taking. However, Polish firms are less likely to act aggressively. The results of the structural equation modeling indicate entrepreneurial orientation affects SME growth and development. In general, when enterprises seek to innovate and to outpace competitors they are rewarded for their efforts.

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Публични организации в съвременното законодателство на Република България (правна същност, белези)

Author(s): Hristina Balabanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018

The article The Public Organisations in the Contemporary Legislation of the Republic of Bulgaria (Legal Nature, Characteristics) focusses on a problem studied less in our Administrative law science, namely the Public Organisations. Within the executive branch, the public power is vested in them and they hold the authority over the other components in this structure. The article is about to clarify the features of a generic concept forming the fundament for structuring the Institutions and the Public Funds as a type of public organisation.

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Обществена динамика и законотворчество

Author(s): Sofka Mateeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2013

The paper analyses the possibilities of legal sociology in the process of facilitation and improvement of the legislative process. In particular, it is attempted to base and argument the interaction between law and public opinion as a social institute in the contemporary social dynamics context. There are four basic areas of such interaction under consideration, each of which may contribute for the improvement of the current legislation. It is argued that it is the obligation of the legislator to be aware of public opinion, but that there is no obligation for the legislator to be driven in its legislative activity directly or closely by public appreciation or reasoning. It is concluded that in democratic societies the interaction between law and public opinion is in fact an iterative process since public opinion changes – sooner or later – bring about the respective legislative modifications and vice versa – legislative modifications bring about the formation of new public arrangements, moods and expectations.

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Световен икономически форум

Author(s): Yuliya Tasheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2011

The World Economic Forum is an independent international organization dedicated to improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic and other community leaders to create global, regional and industry programs. The World Economic Forum is an international non-governmental organization based in Geneva, Switzerland. Its original name was the European Management Forum, and in 1987, it changed to the World Economic Forum.

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Прекратяване на трудовия договор на хабилитиран преподавател във висше училище по чл. 328, ал. 1, т . 10 от Кодекса на труда и прилагането на § 11 от преходните и заключителните разпоредби на Закона за висшето образование

Author(s): Ivaylo Ivanov Staykov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2010

As a prerequisite for the right of the employer to unilaterally terminate the employment contract of a habilitated lecturer, the age of 65 is established quickly and easily with the identity document or with the act of birth of the person. According to the rules of legal technique and rulemaking, this ground had to be edited in a separate point of art. 328, para. 1 of LC. This would make it clearer to distinguish the difference between the two termination grounds now included in point 10. As a de lege ferenda proposal, in the event of a future change of the law, this can be done.

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Съотношение между актовете на Европейския съюз, на други международни организации и на националните законодателства на държавите-членки

Author(s): Mihail Iliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2010

Supplied in this work are presented the sources of international law - basic and auxiliary, and of the European Union - primary and secondary. Out are their main characteristics and features. In short, is concerned the question of sovereignty of states in international relations. Special attention is paid to the ratio between sources of EU law with those of international law and national laws of Member States.Supplied in this work are presented the sources of international law - basic and auxiliary, and of the European Union - primary and secondary. Out are their main characteristics and features. In short, is concerned the question of sovereignty of states in international relations. Special attention is paid to the ratio between sources of EU law with those of international law and national laws of Member States.

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The role of country’s institutions in the valorization of potential the liberal foreign trade policy

Author(s): Marica Dumitrașco / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2019

Implementation of Foreign Trade Agreement between RM and EU is on the government agenda, beginning with the moment of ratification. The valorization of the economic potential of this agreement can be provided by strong state institutes and should be realized through the elaboration of adequate mechanisms and policies. They are related first of all to the deepening trade between partners. The purpose of this paper is to assess the extent to which the institutes correspond to an ambitious agenda for the implementation of reforms, as well as are prepared to use the adequate economic mechanisms and policies to manage and adapt to contemporary trends in the international trading system. The novelty of the research is exploring the measure of the institutional competitiveness of country's economy in the period 2011-2017, in the correlation with the methodology of the World Economic Forum. At present stage of development the competitiveness of the economy of Moldova is largely predetermined by the performance of institutions both public and private, that study found one of the most problematic sectors. The implementation of reforms in the foreign trade sector, which began with accession to the WTO, was not supported by reformation of other economic sectors. Among the main obstacles are the following: the weakness of state institutions, inconsistency and non completing the government policy reforms started, the lack of political will, the high level of corruption etc. Results of this study can be used for the elaboration of set the appropriate economic policies.

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Условия и ред за работа на граждани на трети държави в България

Author(s): Rayna Koycheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The Labour Migration and Labour Mobility Act contain a number of restrictive measures regarding the access of third-country citizens(outside the EU) to the Bulgarian labour market, which aim to protect both our domestic labour market from the unregulated influx of cheap labour and the one in the other EU Member States. At the same time, the employment of third-country citizens may in some cases be useful and necessary, such as in the case of highly qualified or seasonal workers. That is why the legislator has regulated the matter flexibly and in detail. This article analyzes the conditions and procedures for permitting access of third-country citizens to the Bulgarian labour market.

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Престъпления, свързани с употреба на наркотични вещества или техни аналози

Author(s): Angela Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2008

In the second half of the past and the beginning of the 21st century, ILLEGAL DRUG TRAFFICKING IS ONE OF THE MOST DANGEROUS INTERNATIONAL CRIMES 249. It damages or threatens the health and well-being of certain categories and population groups in different countries. In recent decades, the strong trends and widespread scale of the illicit manufacture, distribution and trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances has created a disruption and has had a devastating impact on economic, socio-political and cultural relations in every society and in international communication between states and peoples.

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Няколко думи относно правните догми в Законь соудный людмь (опит за правно-историческо и правно-догматическо изследване)

Author(s): Hristofor Manchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2005

In the following lines we will try to give some light to these legal phenomena, hurrying to note in advance for our humble attempt to penetrate this matter, with the intrinsic, usually for every first attempt mistakes, faults, failures. Experience not useful with your own final results, and above all as a basis upon which it can be discusses. And of course the questions will be more than the answers.

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