Vidujybės kontekstualizavimas XX a. filosofijoje ir asmens tapatybė

Author(s): Augustinas Dainys / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2017

The article analyses the contextualisation of innerness that took place in the philosophy of the 20th century. The doctrine that enabled this process is called contextualism. There is a distinction between the contextualisation of innerness in the weak and strong contextualism. Weak contextualism explores various instances of contextual innerness, while strong contextualism seeks to formulate general methodological principles on the nature of contextual innerness and language. The position of philosophical classicism is stated as an alternative to contextualism; it brings back the truth and a person’s identity to philosophical thinking. According to the latter philosophical position, the identity of the philosopher is his truth. Although the problems of classical philosophy are reinstated, philosophical classicism avoids naïve realism and seeks to learn the lessons of Kant, Wittgenstein, and Deridda.

Cioran - ,,Cine urmeaza la jupuit?"

Author(s): Natasa Maxim / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2014

This article analizes the way in which Ilina Gregori presents in her book the image/portrait of Emil Cioran. The reader can meet here a new Cioran: the man is regarded from the base and we are invited to see him together with the author. We are also guided how to read the book. If the portrait had been made from other point of view (for example, taking into account the essays Exercises of admiration or Meeting with suiciding), certainly the book would have been different, ilustrating the real Cioran, not this one – kind, merciful, penitently.

Heller Ági 90

Author(s): Niszán Hirschmann / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2019

« Les lamentations roumaines peuvent s’entendre dans le fado portugais et dans les sambas tristes brésiliennes »

Author(s): Mihaela-Genţiana Stănişor / Language(s): French Issue: 23/2019

Il s’agit d’un dialogue avec le philosophe et traducteur brésilien José Thomaz Brum sur le pessimisme, la sainteté, l’illusion, Emil Cioran, Clément Rosset, la langue française, le fado portugais.

Mondialité et diversité culturelle

Author(s): Oumar Dia / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2018

This article is a plea for cultural diversity, not guaranteed by the two dominant and opposite forms governing the current process of globalization – abstract universalism and cultural sectarianism. While the former ignores our differences in the name of humanism, the latter proclaims to defend our identities but in fact leads to promoting self-closure and violence. Based on the work of Edouard Glissant, in particular on his concept of “globality”, this article advocates a third way, which equally promotes cultural interpenetration and preservation of local identities. This third way represents both a realistic approach and a utopia. It cannot be achieved without significant effort and phased structural development – from the local to the global – with values stemming from cultural diversity. This article demonstrates that the fate of globality, and that is to say of cultural diversity, depends upon ethical choices every person makes.

К ЮБИЛЕЮ Х.-Г. ГАДАМЕРА (1900) И ЕГО OPUS MAGNUM «ИСТИНА И МЕТОД» (1960)

Author(s): / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2020

TO ANNIVERSARY OF H.-G. GADAMER (1900) AND HIS OPUS MAGNUM “TRUTH AND METHOD” (1960)

КРИТИКА ИДЕОЛОГИИ В ГЕРМЕНЕВТИКЕ ГАДАМЕРА И КРИТИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕОРИИ ХАБЕРМАСА

Author(s): Andrei Laurukhin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2020

The subject of this article is the debate of Gadamer and Habermas about the nature of critical thinking,the relationship between freedom and authority, the individual and traditions, documented in the book Hermeneutics and Criticism of Ideology (1971). Central to the author is the question: “What understanding of critical thinking would allow us to gain a higher degree of resistance to ideology?”The author consistently solves several problems. First, the author clarifies the meaning and significance of the key concepts of “ideology” and “criticism” in the critical theory of Frankfurt School and philosophical hermeneutics. Thanks to these explanations, becomes clear the basis for the possibility of a productive polemic between philosophical hermeneutics and critical theory. Secondly, in the analysis of the main lines of criticism by Habermas against the hermeneutical project of Gadamer, the author explicates the strengths and weaknesses in the argumentation of the opposing parties. The focus here is the problem of the relationship of critical reflection with prejudice, authority and tradition, the problem of theoretical maturity and methodological support of hermeneutics, the problem of forming abasic consensus of understanding and interaction. Based on a comparative analysis of the arguments and counterarguments of Gadamer and Habermas, the author shows the non-trivial nature of critical thinking and reveals new aspects in understanding the concept of criticism of ideology. The result of the comparative analysis is the idea of an integrative concept of ideology criticism, which allows productive use of the strengths of the critical and hermeneutic approaches, and thereby provide a higher resistance to ideology at the collective and individual levels.

PHÄNOMENALITÄT DER NICHT-PHÄNOMENALITÄT DES ANDEREN: PHÄNOMENOLOGIE DES ALTER EGO

Author(s): Vladimer Jalagonia / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2020

Transcedental egology, which tries to follow intentional constitutive moments and explicate them, producesitself by following its guiding principe, evidence, where the presence („selbst da“, „unmittelbaranschaulich“, „originaliter gegeben“) of lived-experience in front of self-identical conscious subject hasa mobilizing function. The differenctiation of evidences and phenomenological epoche, which aims to build self-transparent and rigorous scientific edifice, brackets those modes of givenness which might harbor the slightest possibility of doubt. Under this principle indirect givvences or absence is expelled or subordinated to the direct, straightforward giveness of presence: in this horizon arrises the problem of the otherness of the other. Despite this privilege and unavoidable prevalence of presence inthe Cartesian way, I will try to reconstruct Husserls analyses of consitutution of the otherness and of intersebjectivity (in Fifth Cartesian Meditation) in such a way that the constitutive function of absence/non-presence will appear irreducible. Husserl, without leaving the immanence of Egology, explains the giveness of Other, and walks beyond solipsism and phenomenology of presence. I will anlyse how their reducibilie absence of the otherness appears in the presence, participates and performs fundamental constitutive role in the constitutive process, after which, the phenomenology of otherness produced in the presence, will appear the process of exhausting the presence rather that subordinating absence to presence.

HUSSERL’S CONTEXTUALIST THEORY OF TRUTH

Author(s): Bence Péter Marosán / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This article draws attention to certain features of Edmund Husserl’s theory of evidence and truth which,on closer look, reveal how his thoughts on the nature of experience and cognition are current and relevant even in the early 21st century. Many of his contemporaries and subsequent authors considered Husserl to be a late representative of traditional, modernist metaphysics—an idealist, a foundationalist,and an intellectualist, etc. The publication of his vast unpublished manuscripts has evidently dispelled such charges, and a thorough and attentive perusal of his published works (or works prepared for publication) clearly shows how highly problematic such charges were. In the article I aim to highlight the contextualist character of Husserl’s understanding of evidence and truth, of knowledge and Being.Every insight and every entity in his thought fits into a wider context of further experiences, insights,and entities. This conception is manifest at every level of his experience and knowledge: (1) everyday experiences, (2) scientific and (3) philosophical cognition. The evidence at every level is fundamentally open and contextual, and their correlation constitutes an essentially organic reality. With such formulations Husserl says something quite similar to what is now found under the label ‘epistemic contextualism’ in contemporary analytic philosophy. Next to the contextual character of evidence, the second main thesis of my essay is that Husserl’s stance in this question might serve as a fruitful field of dialogue between phenomenology and analytic philosophy.

Prírodné krásno u Th. W. Adorna: v závislosti a opozícii voči svetu panstva

Author(s): Peter Brezňan / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2020

Th. W. Adorno’s aesthetics represents a comprehensive reflection on a number of important topics in aesthetic research. Among them is the issue of the aesthetic experience generated by the beauty of nature. In the perspective of Adorno’s theory, the experience of natural beauty is described as a quality that forms in an immanent relation to the historical and social reality of humans. In the first place, one can observe the fundamental dependence of natural beauty on the degree of social domination of nature. By failing to reflect on this social mediation, the experience of natural beauty appears to be immediate and creates the deceptive fantasy of the primordial form of nature. At the same time, however, Adorno uncovers a positive potential in the experience of natural beauty – it lies in the ability to transcend a power-based subjectivity that reduces reality to the substrate of the domination. By means of the transcendence of subjectivity, the experience of natural beauty opens up the possibility to perceive and approach reality in the unreduced fullness of its qualities while also anticipating a reconciliation of man with nature in an allegorical way. The aim of my study is to describe the sketched aspects of the experience of natural beauty.

The Self-Overcoming of (Western) Postmodern Aesthetics

Author(s): Gerald Cipriani / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This essay explores the nihilistic nature of the idea of postmodern aesthetics in the Western world by highlighting its historical and cultural specificity in contrast with non-Western postmodernities, in particular in East Asia, and this in spite of their formal similarities. We then have to question the nature, possibility and implication of Western postmodern aesthetics overcoming itself within the context of globalisation.

John Dunn Interview

Author(s): Ivan Cerovac,John P. Dunn / Language(s): English Issue: 59/2020

Interview with John Dunn by Ivan Cerovac.

Boško PEŠIĆ, Portreti filozofije: Heidegger, Jaspers, Arendt

Author(s): Mislav Uzunić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2020

Review of: Boško PEŠIĆ, Portreti filozofije: Heidegger, Jaspers, Arendt, Naklada Breza, Zagreb, 2019., 151 str.

Scene de epocă interbelică (III)

Author(s): Dan Ciachir / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 03/2019

The article analyzes some aspects of the interwar press. Mircea Eliade, Eugen Ionescu and Emil Cioran, the three Romanian writers who were universalized in the last century, were cultural journalists during their youth. Mircea Eliade was a professional journalist. And the other representative intellectuals of the inter-war generation were journalists or publicists too, starting with “its impresario”, Petru Comarnescu. Young interwar intellectuals were not only essayists, but also publicists or journalists. In this respect, Nae Ionescu’s example was decisive for them. Besides the major newspapers, which were also large economic enterprises, there were daily newspapers with a small number of pages and copies. Some of these were read in editorial offices, ministerial cabinets or restricted circles. Inter-war politicians sought to make friends among renowned journalists or those who worked in the big daily newspapers, or, at least, have peaceful relations with them.

CATEGORIA EXISTENȚEI LA WHITEHEAD

Author(s): Adrian Niță / Language(s): Romanian,Moldavian Issue: 5/2020

In this expositive paper, we focus on the specificity of existence in Whitehead’s metaphysics from the point of view of change. In the first part, we will show the existence as a super-category; in the second part, we will see the place of existence in the categorial scheme, and in the next four parts, we will present in detail the major categories of existence, the actual entities (in the third part), the prehensions (in the fourth part), the nexus (in the fifth part) and the eternal objects (in the sixth part).

PORTRETI FILOZOFIJE: HEIDEGGER, JASPERS, ARENDT

Author(s): Pavao Žitko / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2018

Review of: Boško Pešić, Portreti filozofije: Heidegger, Jaspers, Arendt, Naklada Breza, Zagreb 2019.

Jacques Rancière’de Entelektüelin İşlevinin Sorgulanması: “Cahil Hoca” Okulda

Author(s): Özgül Ekinci / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2020

The question of the position of the intellectual has always been a topic of interest. In the contemporary period, 1968 Events caused the requestioning of the intellectual's position. Events of 1968, in which workers and students understood the essence of the situation they were in and took action without the need for the leadership of any intellectual, raised some questions on the position of the intellectual. In this period, Louis Althusser, Jean-Paul Sartre, Michel Foucault, Edward Said, and Jacques Rancière became contemporary thinkers who contemplated on the position of the intellectual. While Althusser, Sartre, and Said believed that the intellectual still occupies a position of privilege, Foucault wrote to criticize this privileged position. Rancière, on the other hand, completely distanced himself from all of those thinkers and argued that the intellectual does not have a privileged position at all. In his work The Ignorant Schoolmaster Rancière supports this claim, by breaking the links between knowledge and authority. Rancière, who brought forward the figure of the ignorant schoolmaster instead of the knowledgebased authority of a teacher, emphasizes individuals' own mental power in the pedagogical process. The pedagogy that he created with the very radical assumption of the equality of intelligence suggests that the teacher has no effective role in the student's learning. In his works such as The Philosopher and His Poor and The Emancipated Spectator, he focuses on the assumption that many distinctions are hypothetical. Rejecting the superiority and inferiority brought about by these distinctions, Rancière sees equality as a preliminary assumption rather than the pedagogical, political, or artistic authorities. In this proposed idea of equality, there is no privileged place for the intellectual.

Fiinţă şi trăire

Author(s): Mihai Popa / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 16/2020

Nae Ionescu’s project of metaphysics is centred on the category of being besides other fundamental concepts, ontological as well as epistemological, all of them receiving meaning through the concept of freedom as personal experience. According to the Romanian philosopher, being cannot be defined in a classical, logical-categorical manner but only starting from a fact of living. Nae Ionescu’s metaphysics is an anthropological project: human being is seen as a whole that can reach its fulfilment by knowledge and action in a real community.

Notă introductivă

Author(s): Mona Mamulea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 16/2020

Traversing Life and Thought: Gilbert Simondon’s Theory of Cyclic Imagination

Author(s): Kristupas Sabolius / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Simondon’s poorly examined theory of imagination reveals a number of interesting possibilities. On the one hand, by grounding the function of images within the idea of a cycle, it provides an attempt of reconciliation be- tween the assumptions that privilege either reproduction or creativity. On the other hand, his view might also be conceived as a serious alternative to various theoretical stances that characterize the problem of imagination strictly within a dichotomy between individual subject and social imaginaries. The paper proposes a reading of Simondon’s lectures given between 1965 and 1966 in Sorbonne in the broader context of his philosophy and outlines the role of imagination that exceeds imagining subject as well as establishing the mode of correlation with associated milieu, which performs the conditioning of its potentiality. Rejecting the primacy of representation, Simondon’s take enables one to draw the conclusion that imagination can be attributed to all living beings and conceived as the function of life.