A COMMUNIST PEDAGOGY OF BECOMING: CENTERING MARX’S ‘GENERAL LAW OF CAPITALIST ACCUMULATION’

Author(s): CURRY MALOTT / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/2016

The following essay seeks to contribute to Marxist educational theory by offering a systematic analysis of Marx’s (1867/1967) ‘General law of capitalist accumulation’ as outlined in Chapter 25 of the first volume of Capital. Underscoring this analysis is the beginning of a systematic examination of the second volume of Capital, which takes the circuit of capital as a whole as its object of examination. This unique focus pushes the Marxist revolutionary pedagogy advanced here, as we will see, toward the controversial concept of the planned economy. The form such a Marxist pedagogy takes is necessarily the Party, a conclusion, which follows the work of Derek Ford (2013; 2015).

A CRITICAL OVERVIEW OF THE DIGITAL KNOWLEDGE COMMONS FROM A MARXIST PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): FAITH AGOSTINONE-WILSON / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/2016

Going beyond a traditional understanding of commons as land and resources, a knowledge commons involves collective, cumulative informal experience, scientific research, the arts, and procedural, practical information, often with economic implications. However, much confusion exists around the terminology of today’s knowledge commons. This article clarifies the differences between open source and free software movements and provides an examination of copyleft and what it means for academics and activists. The author connects these movements to a Marxian vision of a knowledge commons for all.

A marxi kritikai társadalomelmélet

Kialakulása, fejlődése, teljesítményei és érvényessége a globális kapitalizmus korában

Author(s): Péter Szigeti / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

A marxizmus a posztkommunista közép-európai történetírásokban

Author(s): Attila Pók / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 03/2015

Marxist historical writing in the countries of the former Soviet Bloc is frequently described as sheer communist propaganda. Challenging this view the present paper gives a short summary of the position and peculiarities of Marxist historiography in Eastern and Central Europe before and following the collapse of the Soviet Bloc. It argues that East European Marxist historiography (or in retrospect it might be perhaps more appropriate to call it historiography under Marxist philosophical and ideological influence) before 1989–1990 offered substantial contributions to modern historical scholarship. A primary example for that is how these historiographies addressed the issue of East European backwardness. The paper explains that in spite of the uniform ideological doctrines the historiography of the countries of the Soviet Bloc was far from being homogeneous. It defines three major changes that after 1989–1990 could open up new avenues for historians of these countries: the easier access to archives of modern and contemporary history, the disappearance of taboo topics and the completion of the process of the desideologization of scholarship. After taking stock of the few workshops and debates of Marxist historical scholarship in post-communist Eastern and Central Europe the paper concludes that as the Soviet Bloc disappeared from the political map, Marxism, as for now, disappeared from the intellectual map of Eastern and Central Europe. Still, those works in Marxist spirit that were trying to address key issues of the region’s history are indeletable, valuable parts of its historiographical legacy.

A RECONSIDERATION OF FOUCAULT’S “MARXISM” IN RELATION TO THE THOUGHT OF LOUIS ALTHUSSER

Author(s): DEB J. HILL / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2013

The purpose of this paper is to supplement existing studies that have explored Foucault’s “Marxist” inclinations by means of a focused consideration of the thought of the person who challenged Foucault with an entirely different version of Marxism – his friend and mentor, Louis Althusser. My argument here is that “Marxism” has been treated largely as a singular category within the literature, meaning that an understanding of the points of difference and agreement Foucault had with competing versions of Marxism has been conveniently ignored. As I maintain within this paper, one cannot fully understand the nature of Foucault’s relationship with “the Marxist tradition” – and his comments about various aspects of this tradition – without understanding Althusser’s own “rereading” of what could be regarded as dubious versions of Marxism. As I further contend, Foucault’s recalcitrant attitude towards traditional orthodoxies of scholarship and method owes much to Althusser’s articulation of Marx’s anti-humanist, anti-historical, and anti-Hegelian revolution in thought and practice.

Against Hegel and Marx: In Favor of Danto’s, Benjamin’s, and Löwith’s Critiques of Universal History

Author(s): Rocco ASTORE / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

A commonality shared by Hegel and Marx is their belief in the existence of a collective destiny or universal history of humankind. Though compelling, it persists that there are major challenges to interpreting history as such. First, this piece will surmise each authors’ understanding of the common historical theme, and goal,they believe unites all people. Next, this essay will draw from philosophers Walter Benjamin and Danto, to challenge each theorists’ version of universal history.Lastly, this work will draw from Spinoza and Löwith, to further argue that the possibility of a common human history is almost nil, because of the conflicting influences unavoidably tainting the attempts of philosophers such as Hegel and Marx at universalizing history.

Aktualność krytyki ekonomii politycznej. Przyczynek do praktycznofilozoficznej dialektyki u Marksa

Author(s): Wolfdietrich Schmied-Kowarzik / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 37/2016

Karl Marx is forgotten today as a philosopher, not because he had failed, but because of his critique of political economy, which is not understood based on its practical philosophical core. Critique of political economy is negative theory, which is committed to the task of unveiling the negativity of capitalist normative theory. It is not find justification in itself, but its justification lies exclusively in the preceding her early writings of Marx. At its foundation is not the way to build a solidaristic and ecological economy; the only its importance lies in the practical and philosophical awareness that the normative logic of capital, killing man and nature, we must overcome.

Alexandre Kojève: Moskovska mandarinska marksistička krtica u Francuskoj

Author(s): Keith Patchen / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 20/2015

Tko je bio Aleksandar Vladimirovič Koževnikov? Kako bismo shvatili Koževnikova, Rusa koji je preuzeo francusko državljanstvo i promijenio ime Aleksandar Koževnikov u Alexandre Kojeve, trebamo za misliti utjecajnoga agenta ruske obavještajne službe, KGB-a, koji je djelovao u središtu Europe i francuske ekonomske i međunarodne ekonomske politike.

Alternativa i njeno značenje u kontekstu poznog socijalizma Jugoslavije

Author(s): Vanja Milovanovic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 6/2014

The term alternative can be theoretically interpreted in a broader cultural context, which refers to cultural otherness derived as opposed to a dominant populist framework of society. Period of the last decade of existence the great state or period of the late socialism in Yugoslavia, also was a time of frequent performance of alternative ideologies. Alternative cultural practices, which developed and operated in the eighties of the 20th century, can be determined in four typological identification models. These are: model of overidentification; model of identification in the field of ideology; model of simulacrum of popular culture; model of open identities as subcultural. Since there was no alternative ideology as ideology for themselves, the research is also indicated that the alternative language in the late socialist Yugoslavia was used, and thus neutralized by the new ideological inaugurated social institutional frameworks.

ALWAYS ON THE RUN: THE VICISSITUDES OF REALISM IN HUNGARIAN CRITICISM

Author(s): Sándor Hites / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2014

In this article I offer an overview of the ways in which the term realism has been understood and used in Hungarian literary criticism, from the introduction of the term into Hungarian discourses in the middle of the 19th century to the post-1989 period, when the term had to grapple with the legacy of its appropriation by the Socialist regime. I examine three specific junctures in the critical trajectory of Realism: the introduction of the term in the 1850s, the uses and abuses of the term by Marxist ideologues, and finally the aversion towards the term that emerged in the post-Socialist era. In addition to examining pivotal moments in the history of this critical concept in Hungarian literary discourse, my inquiry also offers a critical perspective from which to consider an enduring anxiety concerning the achievements, past and future, of Hungarian literary culture, an anxiety that finds expression in a symptomatic concern with the ways in which tendencies in Hungarian culture do or do not relate to cultural developments outside of Hungary.

Anđeo povijesti i mesija događaja: Walter Benjamin

Author(s): Žarko Paic / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 21/2016

Kada je Walter Benjamin 1935. godine otvorio nova ≫dva bojna polja≪ mišljenja sabrana u prvome nabačaju motiva iz Arkada/Das Passagen-Werk i Umjetničkoga djela u razdoblju tehničke reproduktivnosti (Das Kunstwerk in Zeitalter seiner technischen Repro duzierbarkeit), u jednom pismu Theodoru W. Adornu govorio je o procesu preobrazbi. Spomenuo je izraze ≫metafizika u kristaliziranome stanju≪ i ≫dijalektičke slike≪.

Andrzeja Stawara Brzozowskiego portret podwójny

Author(s): Pawel Rams / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 5/2017

Andrzej Stawar wrote two studies on Stanisław Brzozowski. The first appeared in the monthly Dźwignia in 1928, while the second was published as a single essay in 1961. Rams highlights the similarities and differences between these two texts. He also examines biographical and historical factors that influenced the two interpretations, linking them with the author’s social and personal experience.

Antiteologija novoga događaja

Alain Badiou i kontingencija politike

Author(s): Žarko Paic / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 10-12/2015

Jezici u kojima je riječ »novo« sinonimom bezuvjetnoga raskida s tradicijom u metafizičkim su temeljima dovoljno »stari« da bi imali mogućnosti istinskoga kazivanja tog imperativa vremena. Kao da umjesto njih o našem vremenu bolje govori ono neljudsko iz sklopa kibernetičke tehnologije. Programski jezici računalstva zasnovani na binarnome kôdu postali su nadmoćni simboličkoj snazi »prirodnih« jezika. Štoviše, čini se da su u svojoj zastarjelosti osuđeni na ono isto što je suvremeni francuski filozof Alain Badiou namijenio filozofiji. Da je, naime, njezina sudbina postati izložbenim »predmetom« u muzeju ukoliko ne uspije otvoriti mogućnosti nadilaženja ove epohe. A ta epoha od 19. Stoljeća za svoje presudne pojmove ima znanost, politiku i umjetnost.

Antonio Gramsci’nin Kuramında Faşizm Çözümlemeleri

Author(s): Demirhan Fahri Erdem / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 17/2015

Antonio Gramsci, having an important place in Marxist thought tradition, made theoretically original and important contributions to the fascism analysis. In this context, Gramsci analyzed the conjuncture, ensuring the development of fascism as a movement and then its accession to power, in Italian political life after the First World War in political and class contexts and also pointed out the crucial role of petit bourgeoisie during that period. Moreover, he made some predicts about the fascist up period in Italy in line with his analyses. According to the dialectical method he used, while he was analyzing the development of fascism in Italy, he competently presented the dichotomies imposed to the society by the Italian capitalism, being in a crisis, dichotomies emerged from the different tendencies in the fascist movement and also the dichotomies arising from the difference of opinion between the communists in their struggle against fascism. The fascism analyses of Gramsci, whose thoughts on fascism maintain their importance even today, are examined in this study.

Antropologija i problem istine (u Sartrovoj „kritici dijalektičkog uma“ )

Author(s): Milan Mladenovic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 256/257/1980

Sinteza različitih misaonih orijentacija koju je unutar svoga dela ostvaiio Sartr, blila je nezamisliva, a za istraživača nerazumIjiva, ako se ne bi uočila najbitnija dimenzija Sairtrovog dijaloga filosofskom tradicdjom; jer Sartr, zapravo, svoj cenitralni dijalog vodi, s jedne strane, s Hegelom, s druge s Kantom, i to u oba slučaja tek posredstvom Marksa. Dabome da ono »tek« ne treba shvatiti kao da bi se tlime hteo umanjiti značaj Marksovog posredovanja; upravo naprotiv, bez njega bi pomenuti dijalog bio apsolutno nezamisliv; sve što se time htelo reči vezano je za dva osnovna zadatka koja je Sartr sebi nedvosrnisleno postavio već u Predgovoru Critique,1 i jedan i drugi namenjeni u svrhu odgovora na jedno (Sartr kaže. »jedno jedino«) pitanje: »Imamo li danas sredstva da izgradimo jednu strukturalnu i istorijsku antropologiju?«

Anty-Engelsowski marksizm Stanisława Brzozowskiego jako filozofi a polityczności avant la lettre

Author(s): Wiktor Marzec / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 29/2012

The article attempts at reinterpreting thought of Stanisław Brzozowski as early philosophy of the political, as seen in post-structuralist political thought. The Polish thinker has faced the particular political situation of the Polish Kingdom in the early 20th century and dealt conceptually with impossibility of unproblematic political representation. Therefore, along with his heterodoxical, anti-ontological and praxistic Marxism, he also undertook the issue of construction of political subjectivities and engaged with groundless thinking not referring to any ultimate, stable ratio of class or nation. To put a long story short, he wrestled, and partially successfully ‘thought through’ the “moments of the political”, i.e. the radical contingency of the social fi eld.

Art’s Commitment to Liberation in Marcuse’s Philosophy

Author(s): Ding Guoqi / Language(s): English / Issue: 7/2015

Art has a liberating function because it stands on the opposite side of a suppressed society; it is deeply connected with the public’s daily life and has an inherent characteristic of “catharsis”, like describing a good society and identifying with freedom. In the eyes of the theorists of the Frankfurt School, its form is what makes “art” art, while the autonomy of art is what realizes the transcendence and detachment of art over and from society and politics in reality by constructing a new and tangible kingdom of art. Artistic form, artistic autonomy, and the liberation of mankind are the integral parts that form art and they constitute all the elements that are needed in the art world. For as long as art exists, it will keep its commitment to truth, happiness, and liberation. This paper examines the inevitable inherent relationship between art and liberation mainly through discussing and studying Marcuse’s theories of art and aesthetics.

Autonomia oporu – Marks, Spinoza i akumulacja pierwotna

Author(s): Jakub Krzeski,Anna Piekarska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 25/2017

This article is an attempt at a simultaneous reading of Marx and Spinoza. We venture to show that the immanentistic ontology and the political anthropology of the latter enriches the critique of capitalism with a better understanding of a subjectivity’s function in the process of creating dominance. At the same time we view this process as incomplete. This view is enabled by the use of Spinoza's concept of imagination, which is crucial to our endeavour. Imagination is understood as an ambivalent conductor of affects, which, according to the communicated desires, can work to the effect of both subjectification and emancipation. To prove its usefulness we inspect Marx's analysis of primitive accumulation, as presented in the history below, in which we highlight the visions of equal order and their relevance to the protoproletarian resistance against emerging capitalism. Consequently, we show Spinoza as an author who proves helpful in the task of re-reading capital, not from the transcendental point of view, but from the autonomistic one. This type of lecture focuses on the productivity of resistance, seen as an inherent element of capitalism, existing in-beyondand-against it.

Avrupa Birliği’nde Neo-Liberal Hegemonya, Otoriter Neo-Liberalizm ve Neo-Gramsciyen Uluslararası Politik İktisat Teorisi

Author(s): Alpaslan Akçoraoglu / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2017

Although neo-liberalism has not been able to offer any lasting solution to the profound economic crisis and long-run stagnation of the European Union (EU), its ideological supremacy (non-hegemonic in Gramscian terms) has still proceeded in the EU. This article reviews the historical evolution of neo-liberal restructuring in the European integration from the perspective of neo-Gramscian International Political Economy (IPE) literature. The majority of the recent critical IPE studies in the political economy of European integration is based on Robert Cox’s “World Order” theory with neo-Gramscian foundations. Neo-Gramscian IPE emphasizes the significance of transnational relations from a historical materialist perspective and perceives that European integration process is the outcome of a struggle between transnational social forces. In addition, this article analyzes the crisis of neo-liberal hegemony in the EU, the changes in the political economy of the EU after the euro crisis, and the model of authoritarian neo-liberalism from a neo-Gramscian perspective.

Barthes and Lotman: Ideology vs culture

Author(s): Patrick Sériot / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2016

Despite both being great names in semiotics, Roland Barthes and Juri Lotman have more differences than they share similarities – not only because of their different political and historico-cultural environments, but also because they do not have the same object of study: it is ‘ideology’ for Barthes, and ‘culture’ for Lotman. Thus, there is no intellectual common ground between them, yet comparing them can lead us to a more important question: what is semiotics, and what has structuralism to do with it?