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Tradicinių Estetinių Kodų Mutacijos Šiuolaikinėse (Psicho)Terapinėse Praktikose

Author(s): Kęstutis Šapoka / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 72/2012

The article considers the crucial transformation of traditional aesthetical concepts in contemporary (psycho) therapy practices. As the rule, these practices come across the ambivalence and eclecticism of traditional functional concepts of beauty or autonomy. On the background of that ambivalence and eclecticism, the aesthetical concepts are seen in a new light. In that light, the contemporary forms of art therapy and some kinds of psychotherapy move into the field of socio-ideological problems.

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Paveikslinė Sąmonė, Reprezentacija Ir Vaizduotė

Author(s): Kristupas Sabolius / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 69/2011

The article deals with the concept of image consciousness in early Husserl and explores the interaction of imagination and representation in its implicit structure. Comprehending phantasy phenomena along the lines of Bildlichkeitsvorstellung, one inevitably faces the classical dichotomy between original and copy which is expressed through the structure of physical image, image object and image subject. Consequently, in the experience of phantasy, the double objectivity is grasped, the character of representation is emphasized and the lack of real being is indicated. On the other hand, one could find a way that helps to restore the kinetic vitality of the value of image. It is the concept of modification that proves to be an indispensable resource offering an alternative to the concept of representation in the Husserlian thought.

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Prancūzų Ir Britų Psichologinė Estetika Kelyje Į Meno Psichologiją

Author(s): Antanas Andrijauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 69/2011

The article analyzes the psychology of aesthetics transformation to art psychology in France and Great Britain at the end of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century. The most famous French and British elaborators of art psychology – Victor Bach, Henri’s Delacroix, André Malraux, Jean Weber, Denis Huisman, Robert Francès, Vernon Lee, Edward Bullough – applied the principles of empiricist psychology to the investigation of artistic creativity. They directly related the phenomenon of aesthteticity with the sensations of pleasure and displeasure; applied some elements of empathy theory, enriched by physiological aspects, to the inquiry of creative work and aesthetic perception. As a result of these theoretical and methodological innovations psychology of art become the independent branch of the psychology of aesthetics having its own subject of inquiry, structure and objectives.

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Prancūzų Ir Britų Psichologinė Estetika Kelyje Į Meno Psichologiją

Author(s): Antanas Andrijauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 68/2011

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Šešėlinė Ugdymo Pusė: Psichoanalitinės Pedagogikos Praktikų Nūdienos Galimybės

Author(s): Arvydas Liepuonius / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 67/2011

Using current works on pedagogy and psychoanalysis, the article analyzes the practical and methodological problems of current educational issues. Its focus is on the controversial relation to the challenges of youth education (learning) in the modern global world of authors of psychoanalytical pedagogy (A.Aichhorn, H.Meng, S.Bernfeld, H.Zulliger, F.Riedl, B.Bettelheim, A.Freud etc). The disclosure of hidden factors in the educational process enables one and to see the significance of the relation between the educational subject and object and its endless possibilities. The dynamic and competent practice of psychoanalysis in pedagogy enables the educator to feel stronger in the daily educational process. By revealing unrealized defensive manoeuvres and microtraumas in psychosocial development, psychoanalytical pedagogy both helps to eliminate harmful reasons and discloses new possibilities on the way of human perfection. Education discovers additional aspirations in the process of youth enculturation.

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Integruojamieji Filosofiniai Istoriniai Aiškinimai Lietuvoje

Author(s): Gintaras Kabelka / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 66/2011

The article analyzes integral philosophical historical interpretation, which includes intellectual history, psychological hermeneutics and other methodologies of the historiography of philosophy. The principles of so-called intellectual history was elaborated by Richard Rorty. Philosophical theory has to be interpreted as a part of philosopher’s practical activity. On this principle Vacys Bagdonavičius bases his inquiry of Vydūnas’s life and writings. He treats the philosophical theory as an integral part of the whole of Vydūnas’s life. The psychological hermeneutics is seen in the works by Andrius Konickis, who employs biographical and psychological data about an author for the better understanding and explanation of the meaning of his texts. Konickis aims at the explanation of theory using the data of an author’s life as an auxiliary means. Bronislovas Kuzmickas includes the subject of his inquiry (particular philosophical theories of Christianity) into the large theoretical unity – Christian philosophy. This theoretical unity is the paradigm of philosophizing, the essential characteristics of which give the basis for the different theories, which constitute it.

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Nušvitusios Meditatyvios Sąmonės Fenomenas Ir Daoizmas

Author(s): Agnieška Juzefovič / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 63/2010

The paper deals with meditative, aware consciousness in Chinese thought. The author shows that illuminated, pure, spontaneous consciousness in Daoism is treated as a consciousness of everydayness which isn’t totally different from ordinary consciousness. The author argues that mirror-like consciousness developed in Buddhist and Chan schools has analogies with concept of empty consciousness in Daoism as well as with phenomenological approach. While analyzing topic of meditation and meditative consciousness the author argues that such meditative consciousness can be both empty and totally fulfilled, and the emptiness of the meditative consciousness itself is potentially overflowed. The author reviews different methods of meditation popular Daoism and argues that their aim was similar – clear consciousness and unity of heart and mind. The author concludes that in Daoism and western phenomenology authentic consciousness considered as quiet, without presuppositions and anything accidental.

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Apie Neklasikinę Filosofijà Neklasikiniu Stiliumi (Leonardos Jekentaitës Kûrybos Interpretacija)

Author(s): Bronislovas Kuzmickas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 60/2009

Thie paper is dedicated to the interpretation of the works of Leonarda Jekentaitë (1946-2008), in which she analyses the views of non-classical philosophers. They speak about the reality and the human existence and the style of their writings is more artistic than theoretical. The first article is about the philosophy of Kant. Although it has been two hundred years since this thinker, the main ideas of his anthropology continue to be urgent, makes us to go back to the categorical imperative of Kant and rethink it in the epoch of jazz. The impact of A. Schopenhauer's philosophy is felt in the writings of contemporary French postmodernists, particularly in those of Gilles Deleuze. As most important among the non-classical philosophers is considered S. Kierkegaard. One of the most significant trends of Lithuanian art can be characterised using Kierkegaardan terminology, as demonic aestheticism. The force of expression rises from mental experiments and self-destruction which are signs of longing after the lost sense of the certainty of reality and faith in God. Interpreting F. Nietzsche's philosophy she emphasizes the uncompromising critique by him of the theoretical attitude to life and proclamation of the will to power. Nietzsche saw a descrepancy between two levels of consciousness in European mentality: the superficial level of Judeo-Christian virtues and Pagan values, authentic but condemned.

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Daoistinés Sąmonés Specifika: Neapibréžtos, Neveiklios, Tuðèios Sàmonës Fenomenologija

Author(s): Agnieška Juzefovič / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 60/2009

The article analyzes the Daoistic consciousness, emphasizes such features as indetermination, variability, contextuality, interrelation with all the phenomena and events of the world. Such features of consciousness are analyzed with the help of popular extracts from the Zhuangzi text - a dream about a butterfly and a story about the fish joy. Also, the correlation between the Daoistic consciousness indetermination and knowing relativity is emphasized. During the analysis of popular Daoistic motive of travelling, it is stated that travelling was treated as a way of consciousness purifying, overcoming stereotypes and affections, seeking for brightening and melting in the immensities of the universe. It is shown that when reaching this aim, Daoists appreciated both the real trips around the world and inner trips, which happen deep in the heart or soul. Finally, a brightened, empty consciousness is analyzed through the concepts of nonaction (wawéi) and spontaneity (zìrån); it is stated that such consciousness acts naturally, spontaneously, unconsciously, without the help from the outside, control or encouragement.

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Humanistinés Psichoanalizës žvilgsniu (Psichoanalitiné Filosofija Leonardos Jekentaitës Kûrybinéje Veikloje)

Author(s): Bronislovas Kuzmickas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 58/2009

The intention of the paper is to describe briefly the creative legacy of Leonarda Jekentaitë (1946-2008). The area of her’s scientific interests was wide: philosophical problems of man, ethics, pedagogy, aesthetics, art criticism. The unifying conceptual base was the theory of humanistic psychoanalysis. Jekentaitë was the most creative interpreter and propagator of the ideas of this theory in the Lithuanian culture, although this did not exhausted the area of her scientific interests. The paper considers the works in which she analyses the concept of personality in American neofreudism, represented by such authors as E.Fromm, K.Horney, H.S. Sullivan. The paper shows how their humanistic ideas manifested themselves in ethics and pedagogy. Such items as a person in society and in art, as well as the works of some writers and thinkers were also interpreted from the point of view of psychoanalytical philosophy

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Monografija Apie Pajautą, Meniškumą Ir Teorines Estetikos Prielaidas

Author(s): Juozas Mureika / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 58/2009

The review of: “Pajaustos Mintys: Estetikos Virsmas Estetologija/Aisthesis: from Senses to Insights and from Esthetics to Esthetology” by Juozas Mureika; Kaunas: AB spaustuvë “Spindulys”, 2006. ISBN 978-9955-466-28-6. In this review article concerning the monograph Aisthesis: from Senses to Insights and from Esthetics to Esthetology by J. Mureika, the notion of sensual perception as the category of esthetics is considered. The author of the article supposes that it was W. Tatarkiewicz, famous Polish historian of philosophy, who started to speak about that category as the object of serious esthetic inquiry. During the history of esthetics the problem of relation between esthetic perception as a category and the same as an emotion was regularly formulated and inquired; various solutions were proposed. The author of the review article expresses some doubts concerning the attempts of Mureika to define the esthetic perception as the foundation of esthetology. According to him, Mureika’s treatment of some persons as objects of esthetic perception is also shaky.

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Wuwei Principas Ir Meditatyvumas Vélyvojoje Algimanto Švégždos Kûryboje

Author(s): Ingeborga Jūra / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 57/2008

This article discuses the oriental meditative motives in the late artistic works of Algimantas Ðvëgþda (1941-1996), who was influenced by Far East aesthetics and especially by the principle of wuwei. The meditative works of the artist are analyzed on the background of Taoist, Chan, and Zen aesthetics. While inquiring into the sources of artistic inspiration, the attention is mostly concentrated on the principle of wuwei, on its many-sidedness and functioning during the creative process.

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Egzistencinis Psichopatologijos Sampratos Kontekstualumas Antipsichiatrijos Sąjûdyje Ir Humanistinéje Psichologijoje

Author(s): Kęstutis Šapoka / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 56/2008

The article discusses the main preconditions and ideas of humanistic psychology and anti-psychiatric movement as cultural phenomenon of the second part of the 20th century. It shows that this phenomenon is associated with repressive institutions and sophisticated ideologies, which use psychiatry as the means of medical coercion; with subtle rhetoric, which reduces existential problems to the discourse of psychic pathology. Equaling mental deceases with somatic ones, the leaders of the movement assisted in renewing the old repressive apparatus and theories, enriching them by new concepts. This conceptual and practical renovation is related with the revision and critique of classical psychiatric and psychoanalytical theories. In spite of their intrinsic ambivalence the humanistic psychology and anti-psychiatric movement is a significant cultural phenomenon of the last century.

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Wuwei Principas Ir Meditatyvumas Vélyvojoje Algimanto Švégždos Kûryboje

Author(s): Ingeborga Jūra / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 56/2008

This article discuses the oriental meditative motives in the late artistic works of Algimantas Švëgžda (1941-1996), who was influenced by Far East aesthetics and especially by the principle of wuwei. The meditative works of the artist are analyzed on the background of Taoist, Chan, and Zen aesthetics. While inquiring into the sources of artistic inspiration, the attention is mostly concentrated on the principle of wuwei, on its many-sidedness and functioning during the creative process.

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Juokas Kaip Neurotiko Nerimo Raiška Ir Emancipacijos Šansas (Pagal H. Bergsono Koncepciją)

Author(s): Arvydas Liepuonius / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 55/2008

In this article, the mechanisms of psychosocial adaptation are considered as they are presented in the book of famous France philosopher H.Bergson Lerire. The main attention is paid to the capacity of laughing. Since its defect or absence, as a rule, causes inadequate personal reactions to psychosocial challenges, the testing of it is an important part of psychoanalytical diagnostics.

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Why Legal Reasoning has to be Unique

Author(s): Maciej Koszowski / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2017

This article addresses the issue of the uniqueness of legal reasoning and, specifically, the author advances the thesis that what makes legal reasoning different from the reasoning employed in demonstrative and empirical sciences and matters of everyday life is not the actual form (scheme) of this reasoning but the legal milieu. Thus, he tries to demonstrate that some features of law – such as its normative and prescriptive nature, difficulties with the verification of its content on empirical grounds, its limitations stemming from the physical world and dependence on humans and their minds, as well as the ‘unspecialized’ character of law agents and the extraordinary role of authority – influence legal reasoning as well. At the same time these features also allow this reasoning to be unique, despite its adoption of forms of inference that are present elsewhere.

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Genetičke pretpostavke konstrukcionističke epistemološke paradigme

Author(s): Jasenko Karović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2015

In this paper the author deals with contemporary change of epistemological paradigm and elementary assumptions of establishing a constructionist paradigm. Following the stances taken by Ernest von Glasersfeld, the paper analyzes the basic normative and physiological, i.e. genetic assumptions of human thought as interpreted by Jean Piaget. Cognitive development is moving towards the higher and higher forms of the mental balance which represents a progressive adaptation to reality, motivated by genuine mental needs o f solving intellectual problems. Piaget presents a cognitive scheme by which the problem is destabilization of a previously achieved balance, and the solution restores the balance, but this time at a higher level, since that was not possible under previous circumstances. The mechanism by which this transition occurs Piaget calls reflective abstraction.

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Preliminarna psihometrijska validacija miljokaza razvoja dječje igre kod djece od navršene prve do četvrte godine života

Author(s): Selman Repišti,Joško Sindik / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2015

Children's play is an important activity which benefits their normal development. There is small body of research that dealt with children’s developmental milestones of children’s play, especially those of children aged up to four years. Therefore, we conducted a study on 637 children aged one to four years. The main goal of our study was to conduct preliminary psychometric evaluation of the instrument constructed for this purpose. The instrument is called "Milestones Development of Children's Play" (MRDI), and it consists of three check-lists, suitable for the following age groups: 1-2 years (MRDI12), 2-3 years (MRDI23) and 3-4 years (MRDI34). The results show a satisfactory factor validity of all three parts of the MRDI, a solid reliability of the MRDI23, and somewhat lower reliability of the MRDI12 and the MRDI34. Lastly, we discussed on possible improvements of these instruments, through improving their discriminative properties, and the number of their items.

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СВОБОДА ТВОРЧОСТІ У ПОГЛЯДАХ МАРТІНА ГАЙДЕГГЕРА

Author(s): Irina Ostapets / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2017

The article reviews the freedom of oeuvre issue in the teaching of M. Heidegger, in particular according to his understanding of notions of tradition, free thinking, creative digestion, just and false, et cetera. Subjects of analysis include the philosopher’s approach to definition of being and matter, subjectivity and objectivity, and their relation with freedom of oeuvre.

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Rogera Sperry’ego teoria świadomości

Author(s): Józef Bremer / Language(s): Polish Issue: 63/2017

Roger W. Sperry (1913–1994) received the Nobel Prize for Physiology in 1981 for his outstanding scientific achievements in connection with the study of people with severed brain commissures. Sperry linked the results of his research to philosophical considerations pertaining to the conscious mind of human beings and its place in the natural sciences. He was interested in the philosophical question of whether or not the severing of the cerebral hemispheres constituted a violation of the unity of consciousness. Sperry’s explanatory account of mind-body (mind-brain) interaction forms part of a broadly construed theory of emergent interactionism – one that also purports to guarantee the unity of consciousness. In this article, I first present an intellectual profile of Sperry, outlining the evolution of his philosophical-scientific analyses. I then outline the emergence and flourishing of theories of emergence, along with the elements essentially associated with them. Using this as a basis, I go on to consider Sperry’s account of emergent interaction more closely, focusing on his understanding of downward causation. In conclusion, I show how his theory corresponds to a version of emergent interactionism, and seek to address some criticisms leveled against it. I also aim to establish how far this theory can be said to answer the question of the conscious character of mental states.

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