Kulturowe a filozoficzne tło neokreacjonizmu amerykańskiego

Author(s): Robert Piotrowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Wyniki dotychczasowych badań nad konfliktem ewolucjonizm-kreacjonizm wydają się z filozoficznego punktu widzenia niezadowalające. Np. kluczowe pojęcie religii przywoływane jest z reguły w konkretnym kontekście chrześcijaństwa, a nawet węziej: tego czy innego wyznania chrześcijańskiego. Ograniczenie jest zresztą dwustronne, bo sam kreacjonizm identyfikuje się często z kreacjonizmem fundamentalistycznym lub literalnym (creation science), podporządkowanym dosłownemu odczytywaniu Biblii, a szczególnie wersji semickiego mitu o stworzeniu zawartej w Księdze Rodzaju. Jeżeli przyjmuje się naukoznawczy punkt widzenia, to „naukowość” przypisuje się często tylko jednej, ewolucjonistycznej, stronie sporu. Dlatego konkretne zjawisko współczesnej kultury amerykańskiej opiszemy dopiero w dalszej części artykułu, poprzedzając ten opis wyjaśnieniem spraw bezpośrednio związanych ze sporem dwóch szeroko pojętych stanowisk w sprawie pochodzenia i rozwoju życia, a przede wszystkim przedstawieniem ogólnych pojęć cywilizacji, kultury, ideologii i religii. Zasadniczo nasza analiza w pierwszej części artykułu polegać będzie na wydobyciu istotnych elementów tła ogólnokulturowego.Nasze podejście jest do pewnego stopnia zbieżne z metodą Kazimierza Jodkowskiego. Różnica polega na tym, że Jodkowski tło konkurencyjnych doktryn przedstawia przy pomocy koncepcji epistemicznych układów odniesienia, zaś my używamy aksjologicznej koncepcji kultury.

ARISTOTELOVA „PRVA FILOZOFIJA“

Author(s): Damir Marić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this paper is to give a general account of Aristotle’s first philosophy or metaphysics. The author pays special attention to the following problems: substance (ousia), the dichotomy between ontology and theology, the first mover or God.

Исихастички избори метафизике срца у руској религиозној философији

Author(s): Radoje Golović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Sveto između religije i politike

Author(s): Ugo Vlaisavljević / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Na početku Jean-Luc Nancyjeve knjige Au fond des images čitamo: „Smisao “svetog” (sacré) ustvari se svagda brka sa smislom “religioznog” (religieux). Ali religija je vršenje obreda koji oblikuje i održava izvjesnu vezu (sa drugima i sa samim sobom, sa prirodom i sa natprirodnim). Religija nije, po sebi, priređena svetom (ordonée au sacré). (Ona to također nije ni vjeri, koja je opet jedna druga kategorija.) Sveto, uzeto samo za sebe, označava ono odvojeno, stavljeno po strani, odsječeno i isključeno. U jednom smislu, religija i sveto se suprotstavljaju, dakle, kao što se veza suprotstavlja prekidu. U drugom smislu, bez sumnje, religija se može predstaviti kao ono što stvara vezu sa ovim izdvojenim svetim. Ali u još jednom drugom smislu, sveto jeste to što jeste samo kroz odvajanje, pa veze s njime ni ne može biti. Dakle, u strogom smislu riječi, nema religije svetog. Ono je upravo ono što, za sebe, ostaje po strani, u udaljenosti i sa čime se ne uspostavlja veza (ili pak sasvim paradoksalna veza). Ono je nešto što se ne može dotaći (ili je samo stvar dodirivanja bez doticaja). Da bih se izvukao iz konfuzije, nazvat ću ga ono distinktno (le distinct).“ Nancy će u nastavku ovoga uvodnog teksta, kroz razmatranja koja su koliko etimološka toliko i fenomenološka, posve u stilu Heideggera, ovo distinktno povezati sa “distinktivnom crtom” (trait distinctif) koja “razdvaja ne toliko ono što ne pripada poretku dodirivanja, dakle onom nedodirljivom, nego radije onom neopipljivom”. Distinktno koje figurira na mjestu svetog će se potom ukazati kao stvar umjetnosti, jer upravo ona, kao slikarstvo, književnost itd, stvara svoje učinke kroz distinktivnu crtu.

Religijski moral ili „moralna religija“?

Author(s): Muhammad J. Pirmoradi / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Ovaj rad, nastojeći braniti univerzalnost morala, komparira dva stajališta muslimanskih mislilaca o odnosu između religije i morala: religijski moral i „moralna religija“. Autor smatra da prvo stajalište završava u etičkom relativizmu (relativnosti morala). Stoga, nakon kritičke analize spomenutih stajališta, autor ukazuje i na posljedice etičkog relativizma te ističe potrebu striktne distinkcije između etike i prava (tj. znanosti o moralu/’ilm al akhlaq iislamskom pravu/’ilm al fiqh). On vjeruje da stvari koje se uobičajeno imenuju kao dobro i zlo u sferi religijskog morala, ustvari, i nisu etičke kategorije, već spadaju u domen islamskog prava i vjerozakonskih (šerijatsko-pravnih) normi.

Apsolutna svemoć i razumsko razumijevanje religije

Author(s): Enshallah Rahmati / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Da li je moguće razumsko razumijevanje religije? Ako jeste,na koji način? Pitanje je ovo koje se izričito postavlja pred svakog religioznog pojedinca koji, u stanju potpune odanosti religiji, hoće na temelju zahtjeva zdravog razuma (ili Common Sense, modernim jezikom kazano), proputovati duhovnom stazom. Pod razumskim razumijevanjem religije podrazumijeva se da čovjekovo poimanje religije bude takvo da barem principijelni i najtemeljitiji religijski sudovi ne budu proturječni i nespojivi sa saznanjima koja čovjeku različitim područijima znanosti stječe pomoću zdravog razuma;povrh toga, ove principijelne i temeljne sudove religije ne treba poimati kao skrivene tajne u koje apsolutno treba vjerovati i povinjavati im se, već su oni u ozračju zdravog razuma, u formi jednog sistematičnog kretanja i na temelju prosudbi toga razuma,nositelji racionalnih značenja.

Veza između religije i morala u svjetopogledu Allame Tabatabaija

Author(s): Mohammad Akvān / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Veza između religije i morala ima poseban značaj u filozofiji etike. Ovaj odnos iziskuje detaljnu i podrobnu analizu. O vezi religije i morala postoje različita stajališta, kao npr. stajalište o sučeljavanju morala i religije,ili o prethodništvu morala u odnosu na religiju. U radu će se tretirati stajalište Allame Tabatabaija o ovoj problematici, a koje se temelji na jedinstvu između religije i morala. To jedinstvo Allame Tabatabai motri u kontekstu izvorne prirode jednoće i moralne izvorne prirode.

Odnos religije i etike

Author(s): Ja'far Sobhani / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Mislioci Zapada odavno polemiziraju o odnosu između religije i etike, a u ovom tekstu namjera nam je bila razmotriti one njihove stavove u vezi s tim koji su nam poznati. Naglasimo pritom da bi ova rasprava, kako bi bila potpuna, trebala, ustvari, podrazumijevati osvrt na tri teme: religiju, etiku te utvrditi postoji li ili ne kakav odnos među njima, i u slučaju da taj odnos postoji, razmotriti njegovu kvalitetu. Budući da nam prostor ne dopušta da podrobnije analiziramo prva dva pitanja, pokušat ćemo se pozabaviti odnosom između religije i etike.

Religija i moral; uzajamna relacija

Author(s): Mohammad Ali Barzanooni / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Čovjek je uvijek suočen sa dvije grupe ozbiljnih pitanja:a) Prvu grupu čine pitanja koja zastarijevaju, koja su svakodnevna i pronalaženjem odgovora iščezavaju iz memorije.b) Drugu grupu čine pitanja koja su vječna, uvijek aktualna i dok čovjek živi postojat će i ta pitanja.Ta pitanja koja nikada ne gube na aktualnosti predstavljaju segment temeljne problematike vezane za čovjeka o čemu su pisali Mevlana, Hafiz i ostali velikani islamske gnoze. Neka od tih pitanja tretiraju religioznost, moral i sl.

Religija i moral

Author(s): Richard J. Mouw / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Odnos između religije i morala pobuđivao je od davnina posebnu pažnju filozofa. Uprkos postojanju brojnih zajedničkih aspekata između ovih dvaju fenomena, pitanje na koji način pojmiti racionalnu vezu između religije i morala bilo je predmetom velikog broja polemika. Pitanje „božanskog autoriteta i moralnoga života“ imalo je posebnu privlačnost za filozofe. Ako postoji Bog,na koji način mi trebamo slijediti Njegove naredbe u sferi morala?Da li postoje moralne norme koje su, štaviše, nužno prihvaćene i od strane Boga? Ili Božiji nalog o nečemu normu transformira u moralnu obavezu? Sekularni mislioci smatrali su da ovo pitanje stvara ozbiljan „bezizlaz“ u odnosu na svaki moralni sistem koji se temelji na religiji: ili su moralne norme neovisne o volji Boga,čime u konačnici božanski autoritet neće biti superioran, ili je Božija volja proizvoljna, tj. ono što se smatra moralom zapravo je bogosluženje jednoj moći? Veliki broj učenjaka u oblasti religijskog morala, pozivajući se na argument spoznavanja božanskih moralnih naredbi kao očitovanja složenosti i superiornosti vječnih božanskih svojstava, suzdržavali su se od prihvatanja ovog „bezizlaza“.

Японците

Author(s): Bratislav Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian

Bratislav Ivanov's new book is dedicated to the values and traditions of the Japanese culture. Already in the early twentieth century, French scientist Henry Dumolard draws attention to the fact that the Japanese people are guided by their logic and draw conclusions that are often incomprehensible to Europeans. To understand the Japanese people, we need to know the values that form the core of their culture. A key to their understanding is the geographical environment, mythology, religion, and Japan's history.

Религията на Древен Египет

Author(s): Teodor Lekov / Language(s): Bulgarian,Egyptian (Ancient)

The book studies the Ancient Egyptian religion. The author describes the creation and its driving forces through the view of Egyptian concepts. The idea of God and the divine manifestations, the place of man in the world and the ways to achieve immortality are explored. The exposition is based on the study of ancient hieroglyphic texts and is illustrated with numerous examples. The book is intended for a wide range of readers who are interested in the religion and culture of Ancient Egypt. It contains three chapters: the world of gods, the creation of the world and the world of men. Special attention is paid on the concept of the kingship in Ancient Egypt. The Egyptian terminology and the names of gods and goddesses are formed as a dictionary at the еnd of the book.

Книга на портите

Author(s): Teodor Lekov / Language(s): Bulgarian,Egyptian (Ancient)

The "Book of the Gates" is the third book of Ancient Egyptian Religious Texts series, which includes the main works of the Egyptian sacred tradition. "The Book of the Gates" is an ancient Egyptian magical book devoted to journey of the god of sun to the afterlife. Its name has been given because of the gates that close the spaces between the various parts of the underground kingdom. The book is intended for the Egyptian ruler; it was unavailable to the uninitiated. It first appeared in the middle of the New Kingdom (XIV BCE) and was recorded on the walls of the royal tombs.This edition contains an introduction, an ancient Egyptian translation (accompanied by translation), images of the scenes and commentary. It is published for the first time in Bulgarian.

Разплата. История на Отон. Пратеничество в Константинопол. Разплата. История на Отон. Пратеничество в Константинопол

Author(s): Liudprand Liudprand of Cremona / Language(s): Bulgarian

This modern translation of all the surviving literary compositions ascribed to Liudprand, the bishop of Cremona from 962 to 972, offers unrivaled insight into society and culture in western Europe during the "iron century". Since Liudprand enjoyed the favor of the Saxon Roman emperor Otto the Great, and traveled to Constantinople more than once on official business, his narratives also reveal European attitudes toward the Byzantine Empire and the culture of its refined capital city. No other tenth-century writer had such privileged access to the high spheres of power, or such acerbic wit and willingness to articulate critiques of the doings of powerful people. Liudprand's historical texts (the Antapodosis on European events in the first half of the 900s, and his Historia Ottonison the rise to power of Otto the Great) provide a unique view of the recent past against a genuinely European backdrop, unusual in a time of localized cultural horizons. Liudprand's famous satirical description of his misadventures as Ottonian legate at the Byzantine court in 968 is a vital source of information on Byzantine ritual and diplomatic process, as well as a classic of medieval intercultural encounter. Readers interested in medieval European culture, the history of diplomacy, Italian and German medieval history, and the history of Byzantium will find this collection of translated texts rewarding. A full introduction and extensive notes help readers to place Liudprand's writings in context.

Пътепис

Author(s): Evliya Çelebi / Language(s): Bulgarian

Evliya Celebi was an enlightened man in a variety of ways who believed in equality, freedom of thought and intellectual debate, and found all of these things present in Islamic societies. Over the course of his travels, he wrote ten volumes detailing his adventures. ‘Seyahatname’ – Book of Travels – is a unique and important text, representing one of the few accounts of the 17th century and the Ottoman world from the perspective of a Muslim. These are not just factual accounts, Evliya had a great imagination and just as important as his journal entries were the imaginative storytelling that ran alongside, elaborating, exaggerating, and fantasizing. Through his stories, we are prompted to think more imaginatively about our own travels and journeys to other cities. This 17th-century Muslim traveler can sometimes seem narrow-minded and yet this same man can stand in St Stephens Cathedral in Vienna and be moved by the music he hears. Sometimes these encounters lead to nothing but sometimes they lead to stories which are so deeply felt, and so universally melodic that they leave echoes which can still be heard and felt today. In 2011, the year which would have been his 400th birthday, Evliya is being paid homage as UNESCO’s Man of the Year.

South Slavonic Apocryphal Collections

Author(s): Anisava Miltenova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Old Slavonic,Old Bulgarian

This book represents a study of the textology, typology, sources and literary peculiarities of the so-called ’miscellanies of mixed content' in the South Slavonic tradition (from the end of 13th – the beginning of 18th c.) – less known or unknown in the Humanities. The problem is closely related to the apocryphal collections in the Balkan Cyrillic manuscripts, as the Apocrypha are a significant part of this type of manuscripts. The scope of the study is to popularize the series and texts that fill the gap in the translation and perception of the Slavonic Apocrypha. New information is presented over the sources of translations, as well as the compilation approach of Slavonic writers, which reproduces a new version of the texts. The copies of the Slavonic texts are published in the supplement. The typology of manuscripts is supported by plectograms produced in the Repertory of Old Bulgarian Literature and Letters (http://repertorium.obdurodon.org/).

K problematice náboženské řeči

Author(s): Jiří Gabriel / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Už jako školák navštěvující hodiny náboženství jsem se podivoval lidem chodícím v průvodu na oslavu Božího těla, protože náš katecheta (jemuž jsem věřil) nás učil, že Bůh je bytost duchová – tudíž, jak jsem jeho slovům rozuměl, bez těla, tj. masa a krve. Jak může taková „bytost“ vůbec existovat, jsem tehdy ještě nepřemýšlel. – Časem jsem se dověděl, že v průvodu se nosí tělo Kristovo, v podobě posvěcené hostie.

Nothingness in Philosophical and Theological Optics

Author(s): Virgil GURALIVU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The problem of nothingness is not a new one, but one can say that it is as old in philosophy and theology as the existential problem. With the existential questioning as an opposite twinning, the idea of nothingness was born, although it did not enjoy the same attention as the first one, nor did it enjoy the same development of ideas. In the following, the idea of nothingness from a philosophical perspective will be approached very briefly, then a combined one, after which it will be a theological approach from a "separate" perspective.

Between Two Worlds: Romania and India. Essays on Expanding Borders through Culture

Author(s): / Language(s): English

The cultural relations between India and Romania are interesting to study and to understand. India is a country of immense diversity, of extraordinary customs, and a genuine feast of opinions, which attracts researchers from all over the world. Romanians are people with a profound sensibility. The two cultures met on the common ground of spirituality and the results are remarkable, as it is shown in this special volume.

Societas Classica. Култури и религии на Балканите, в Средиземноморието и Изтока. Том 9

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Russian,Greek, Modern (1453-)

𝑆𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑎 is a multilingual collection of papers presented at the international scientific conference that has been organized by the Department of Classical and Eastern Languages ​​and Cultures of St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo (Bulgaria) since 2002. Until 2015, the conference was held annually. Since 2018, it is held once every two years. St Cyril and St Methodius University Press issues the collection within the Dr. Nicola Piccolo series. The wide range of topics and the opportunity for authors to submit their academic publications in the original language attracts researchers from all over the world.