Avangarda i politika
Istočno evropska paradigma i rat na Balkanu
One always searches for some symbolic point from which one can claim that something ended and something else began, even though there are no beginnings and no endings.
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Istočno evropska paradigma i rat na Balkanu
One always searches for some symbolic point from which one can claim that something ended and something else began, even though there are no beginnings and no endings.
More...Filozofski članci
In this collection of essays, Habermas takes up and pursues the line of analysis begun in The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity. He begins by outlining the sources and central themes of twentieth century philosophy, and the range of current debates. He then examines a number of key contributions to these debates, from the pragmatic philosophies of Mead, Peirce and Rorty to the poststructuralism of Foucault. Like most contemporary thinkers, Habermas is critical of the Western metaphysical tradition and its exaggerated conception of reason. In opposition to the radical critics of Western philosophy, Habermas argues that postmetaphysical thinking can remain critical only if it preserves the idea of reason while stripping it of its metaphysical trappings.
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»Modernizam« je po mnogo čemu problematičan pojam, često je predmet neadekvatnih tumačenja ili tumačenja koja vode na pogrešan put – a naročito kada se koristi na način koji teži tome da ga svede na poseban stil ili pokret koji je navodno razumljiv unutar ograničenog referentnog okvira. Iako je uvek bilo očigledno da ovaj pojam ima više lica u različitim zemljama, zapravo je sve do nedavno preovladavalo shvatanje kako je glavni tok modernizma u suštini anglo-američki fenomen čiji su koreni u estetskim inovacijama francuskog simbolizma.
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Karl Kraus je rođen 1874. godine u Jičinu, Češka. Njegov otac, Jakob Kraus, strog ali nežan roditelj, pobožan Jevrejin i uspešan fabrikant papira, preselio je porodicu u Beč, dok je njegov sin Karl bio dete. Još u detinjstvu, sin je pokazivao strast za pozorište, i dok je studirao na Bečkom univerzitetu, gde je slabo posećivao predavanja i vreme uglavnom provodio po pozorišnim i literarnim kafeima, odlučio je da postane glumac.
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To je kao u dečijoj igri. Uzvikuje se; »Vruće«, ali ruka koja je mogla pronaći traženi predmet, udaljava se i ne nalazi ga. Fric Heller pi{e u svojim misaonim »nefilozofskim razmatranjima« o Wittgensteinu (Merkur, 1959, 12). »Želi li se Wittgensteinovo mišljenje razumeti na njegovom sopstvenom nivou, onda su imaginacija i karakter jednako značajni kao i »mišljenje«. Jer, temperatura tog mišljenja spada u njegovu suštinu, u strasti je ozbiljnost, ritam rečenica je jednako rečit, kao i ono što one kazuju, a ponekad je tu znak tačka–zapeta kao granični kamen između misli i trivijalnosti…
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Hajnrih Fišer, priređivač prvog izdanja Morala i kriminala, veli u pogovoru da nijedna Krausova knjiga nije aktuelnija od ove, objavljene pre skoro šezdeset godina. To je sušta istina. Uprkos naklapanju o suprotnom, u osnovi građanskog društva ništa se nije promenilo. Ono se zločesto učaurilo kao da je po prirodnim zakonima večito, kao što je to nekada pozitivno i tvrdilo u svojoj ideologiji. Ono ne dopušta cenjkanje oko okamenjenog srca, bez kojeg nacionalsocijalisti ne bi mogli nesmetano da ubijaju milione, kao ni oko vladavine principa nad ljudima, koji je uzrok tog subjektivnog okamenjenja. Postaje flagrantnom potreba da se kažnjava ono što nije za kažnjavanje.
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Kraus je stekao slavu time što je bio jedan od Frojdovih najglasovitijih oponenata. Njegova dela su se koristila u nameri da se diskredituje cela zgrada psihoanalize. Na drugoj strani, Frojdovi sledbenici su se naročito založili da podriju Krausovu poziciju. Da bi se cela ova priča postavila na svoje pravo mesto, neophodno je pokazati koliko su obe strane imale nešto zajedničko čak i onda kada su im se putevi razilazili. Oba autora su bila svakako najveći kritičari civilizacijskog nezadovoljstva, koje je poticalo od habzburškog Beča, i njihove su se dijagnoze u suštini dopunjavale.
More...Žak Derida u odjecima
8. i 9. decembra 2004. godine, tačno dva meseca nakon smrti francuskog filozofa Žaka Deride |Jacques Derrida|, Institut za filozofiju i društvenu teoriju i Narodna biblioteka Srbije, organizovali su kolokvijum posvećen radu i teorijskim uticajima jednog od najznačajnijih mislilaca prošloga stoleća. Podelivši tematski u četiri celine (književnost, umetnost, filozofija i politika) izlaganja u kojima su se čule različite recepcije, čitanja, tumačenja, pozivanja i opozivanja dela Žaka Deride, namera organizatora bila je da artikuliše tek osnovne registre filozofije koju je negovao, predavao i pisao. Namera je bila, isto tako, da se ovom prilkom, zajedno, progovori o prihvatanju Deridine filozofije i o njenom uticaju na ovim prostorima.
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The basic aim of this paper is to discuss some deconstructive views on the problem of communication. The death of an author is not quite Derrida’s theme, but it has an important role for explaining the field of communication. According to Derrida this kind of absence, together with absence of the receiver of message, structures every possible communication. This very structure is something that unable intention to be clear and present, both in oral and written way of exchanging messages. For the reason of discussing the problem of communication, attention will be focused on Derrida’s lecture “Signature Event Context” in which he addressed that topic in the most direct way. First, it will be examined the notions of writing and absence, and secondly, those of intention and context. It will be argued that Derrida is more interested in the new pragmatics, than in the bare criticism of some classical metaphisical views on language or recent linguistic theories.
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In his three analyses, Shibboleth pour Paul Celan, A Self-Unsealing Poetic Text and Béliers, Jacques Derrida proposed an expanding interpretation of Paul Celan’s poems. He raises the questions of translation, responsability, witnessing. These are the questions we find without doubt as essentially important to us. According to Derrida, on the other hand, the poetic text is a coded, encrypted text. For that reason, the French philosopher tries to make a deconstructive deciphering. However, Aćin suggests and shows in short that Celan’s poetry is not an encrypted text at all, but a text where every word, every phrase, and every caesura is already a deciphering which transfers itself onto the reader. Although below the surface, the living sense is clearly inscribed in the poems. It seems the reader also can only approach the unreadable elliptically, through poetic language and beyond language, invoking all possible referential contexts. When we are at the edge of the readable, mixing together the real and the imaginary, we do read and understand. Welcoming that and allowing that into our minds is like receiving a gift.
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Est-il possible Derrida apres Derrida? Et comment? Cette question suggere, peut-ętre, l’idée que désormais aucun sens ne revient plus au vivant (qui est porteur du nom) mais seulement au nom, a l’esprit (ou: spectre?) du nom, ou bien, comme dirait Derrida lui-męme, “au nom du vivant comme nom du mort”. Et en plus: au nom du mort comme nom du encor-vivant! Étant donné que la survie est la vie la plus intense possible.
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Author initially attempts to differentiate ‘modern’ and ‘postmodern’ stance by emphasizing the subtle distinction between Derrida’s notion of peut-ętre (maybe) and Robert Musil’s concept of Möglichkeit (possible). These two notions are similar but nevertheless they can exemplify two different approaches to the realm beyond Reality: derridian ‘maybe’ refers to the openness of things, to surprise and ‘event’, whereas ‘possibility’ remains, by means of causality, motivation, utopism, etc., tied to existing reality. In the conclusion author suggests that ‘contemporary times’ – illustrated by Sloterdijk’s pictoresque portrait of polyvalent logics – demand ‘maybeness’ that encompass and surpass musilian contemplation on unreal, but possible things.
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The general idea of the dictionary of active type was introduced by A. Rey and S. Delesalle: «a dictionary begins to live from the moment when it presents not only meaning of the words but their functioning» (1983). The concept of active dictionary was further developed in Russian studies. If A. Rey and S. Delesalle focused on pragmatic information in a dictionary entry, Russian lexicographers discuss the problem of the relation between linguistic and encyclopedic information in the dictionary, offering to "walk away" from the minimization of the classical dictionaries (Gak 1988). In the modern theoretical lexicography it is of importance to create a universal/active dictionary: the purpose of the dictionary, the recipient, the amount of lexicographic information, methods of presentation, sources and metalanguage (Apresyan 2014). The main concepts of the active bilingual lexicography are reflected in the French-Russian dictionary of active type, which has a different purpose than active monolingual dictionaries and "aims to show explicitly relationships between language and speech: … show the transition from a system of word meaning and its translation to typed contextual meanings and their translation, noting the diverse resources available to the target language to convey various meanings of the source language" (Gak, Triomphe 1998). The authors follow cognitive-encyclopedic trend, including not typical for a bilingual dictionary information about the thematic groups ("soccer" and "chess" vocabulary, kinship terms, card games, etc.), about the composition and functioning, for example, causal verbs, speech genres of the fear, the prohibition, as well as the ways of expressing the questioning and the negation, etc. – information that facilitates the development of system and functional parameters of the language. In this case, we can speak about a different recipient of the dictionary – about the user who is mastering a foreign language. The user simultaneously receives knowledge of language and knowledge about language. Pragmatic information (the emotional-evaluative, national, cultural, ideological, gender, social, etc.) is not conceptually comprehended as an object of lexicographic description and it is presented incompletely, inconsistently and it is often controversial.
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The study is an analysis of the metaphor of an existential crisis in the context of migration, which in recent months’ profiles in the position of the central themes of the current political and media discourse at European level and in the Slovak and Russian language environments. The author focuses on the phenomena of constructing and validating their own ethnic identity, "his and our", in contrast to the category of "foreign" clearly negative connote through new social and political experience - migration of population. Negativism as a distinctive feature of understanding of the migrant population is presented through such nominations that evoke pressure (obligatory quota, psychology of the population), pressure (migrants as army, migrants as insects, migrants like animals), threat (physical - hunt the people, violence and aggression), differences of opinion and differences (moral code, religiosity, label) etc.
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The paper deals with Russian folk tales and legends describing the cycle of birth, actions and roles of their protagonists with regard not only to their present state and condition but also to their future ones. The woman in childbirth is presented as a key character from the point of view of her role and meaning in the stages preceding the birth of a human being. The world of objects is described as a special one with regard to the reality, influencing people and being influenced by them. The author suggests a number of attitudes towards the potential, virtual typologies connected with the meanings of the paradigmatic units. The units are also discussed in terms of their internal structure and position in general semantics.
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The paper deals with Russian folk tales and legends describing death, dying, actions and roles of their protagonists with regard not only to their present state and condition but also to their future ones. The image of Death as a significant figure has been characterized from the point of view of its various meanings. The world of objects is described as a special one with regard to the reality, influencing people and being influenced by them. The author suggests a number of attitudes towards the potential, virtual typologies connected with the meanings of the paradigmatic units. The units are also discussed in terms of their internal structure and position in general semantics.
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The paper presents a comparative study that aims at the sometimes problematic cyclicality of axiological education (literary-artistic axiology) approached from various perspectives. The motivation for the investigation of the literary-artistic axiology of students in the context of studying texts from foreign literatures is determined by both theoretical and practical premises. Western specialists in the field of reading process define literary-artistic values according to several perspectives, each discovering a determining factor, deduced from the nature of the participants in the reading process: the author of the literary-artistic text, the literary text, the concrete reader / the virtual reader, to which is added the overlap of the social experience in a certain field, the ethical, political and ideological social approaches, as well as the philosophical, artistic, theoretical-literary dogmas and systems, etc.
More...Философски акценти
The aim of the volume "Bulgarian Voices Abroad. Philosophical Accents" is to present the main ideas and achievements of authors of Bulgarian origin - philosophers, intellectuals and cultural figures, who worked mainly abroad, such as Dr. Petar Beron, Radoslav Tsanov, Yanko Yanev, Georgi Gachev, Assen Ignatov, Tsvetan Todorov, Julia Kristeva and others. This "outward looking" view also allows us a reverse perspective: turning the look to ourselves becomes an occasion to see ourselves through the eyes of the other, to rethink the specifics of the foreign and the own/native. The point of view of one who is sufficiently "other", distanced from events and paradigms, can give us an unbiased assessment of them. At the same time, he is sufficiently near to "us" for his analyzes to be relevant to "our" reality as well.
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The second volume of Jaroslav Střítecký’s Studies and Essays contains a total of 40 texts. Both extensive studies with notes and loose texts are represented. These include, in particular, the author’s forewords and afterwords accompanying his belles-lettres, journal articles and short glosses. Thematically, they cover all the important disciplines in which Střítecký contributed during his life: philosophy, history, sociology, musicology, aesthetics and literary science.
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Syntax is seen as the synthetic construction of complex linguistic signs bringing together different areas of experience through the sign function, and is integrated with semantics to account for communicational reality and the nature of meaning. The disposing factors at the interface between experience and verbal means in the application of signs are investigated with detailed examples. The analysis of verbal constructs provides linguistic perspectives on a range of philosophical issues, and illuminates the role of language in what it is to be human. The work consists of thematically related papers, and takes a broadly Saussurean/functionalist “European” approach.
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