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Local Labour System After the Turn of the Millennium in Hungary

Author(s): János Pénzes,Ernő Molnár,Gábor Pálóczi / Language(s): Issue: 02/2015

The current research puts the issue of functionalurban regions (or districts) into the focusdelimited by the commuting network ofemployees. The local labour system (LLS)provided a specific dimension of this complexapproach however it is one of the most adequatepossibilities to delineate these areas ofcommuting. The delimitation process consistedof two steps with the separation of employmentcentres and with the assignment of settlements tothese cores. The alteration of the LLS pattern wasalso analysed as the investigation was carried outby the census data from 2001 and 2011. Theresults provided a comprehensive overview aboutthe process of territorial concentration and theinstability of peripheral areas. Significant regionaldisparities of commuting came to light as theconsequence of the body of settlement network.The territorial division of the country provided byLLS pattern is fitting to the new and integratedEuropean approach of cities and their hinterlandsbut it is not alternative against otheradministrative or statistical divisions of Hungary.However this territorial point of view is in closerrelation to the issues of analysing the local labourmarket processes or the developments targetingthe increase in employment.

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Free Movement of Labor Force in the Schengen Area

Author(s): George Magureanu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2011

Abstract: Common political, economic, social and security interests of some countries on the European continent led to the creation of the European Union, which although is not state or suprastate, is an organization formed by a group of independent European states. Among the major ambitions pursued by citizens of States which joined the European Union, and that of the movement in the European space, for finding a job or tourism purposes, without limitations or restrictions, such as citizenship, nationality, except those related to the compliance with EU Directives under all aspects, including the security ones.

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„Grubych nie zatrudniają?”

Author(s): Teresa Sołtysiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2013

The study constituting informing from examinations was focussed on problems in getting the employment by overweight persons and obese. Findings are showing, that employers provided with examinations 112 (of 62 women, 50 men) 15 women and 7 men only employed overweight persons provided that the obesity didn't make it difficult for these persons the performance of activities professional. It isn't possible to generalize results of those surveys, however they show that the exaggerated body weight can hinder adaptation processes including getting a job.

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The analysis of chances of young and middle-aged people for having a job using Bayesian logistic regression model

Author(s): Wioletta Grzenda / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The aim of this article is to analyze the chances of having a job using Bayesian logistic regression model. In this study both young and middle-aged people have been considered. The individual characteristics of economically active people have a significant impact on their labor market status. In this research the commonly studied set of features has been extended by adding the following characteristics: marital status, financial situation of the household, health assessment and the fact of living with parents in the case of young people. In this study, Bayesian logistic regression model has been used. The Bayesian approach enabled us to incorporate information from previous studies.

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SAFEGUARDING SELF-MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF WORK ORGANIZATIONS (IN YUGOSLAVIA)

Author(s): Asen Grupce / Language(s): English Issue: 2/1971

CONTENT AND SCOPE OF SELF-MANAGEMENT RIGHTS. According to the Federal Constitution, the socialist system in Yugoslavia is based on relations among people acting as equal ano free producers and creators. One of the basic foundations of the status and role of man is self-management, and within this framework, self management by the working people in work organizations. Self-management covers all social relations and gives working people the following rights and duties: to manage their work organizations, to organize and run production and other business, to exchange products and services; to use and dispose of the social resources of their work organizations, to distribute net income; to regulate labor relations and working conditions; and to decide on the merger and split-up of organizations of associated labour (Article 9 of the Federal Constitution).

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SOME REMARKS REGARDING THE PROCEDURE OF THE APPOINTMENT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL OF THE UNITED NATIONS

Author(s): Marko Novaković / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

Appointing Secretary-General is a process that has always been enshrined in secrecy. In 2016, due to reforms in the appointment process instigated by the president of the Security Council Mogens Lykketoft, more inclusion and transparency have been achieved, with the non-state actors being much more involved in the process. In the procedure itself, first five straw polls suggested that Antonio Guterres will be the new Secretary-General and this proved to be truth. Will this more transparent system result in appointment of the most appropriate candidate is the question that will be partially answered. In this article we will try to assess how much is done towards this goal and what still needs to be done. Moreover, we will investigate some aspects of the appointment procedure and pressing issues that Antonio Guterres will have to face.

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Podiel práce na poľudštení človeka

Author(s): Oľga Gavendová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2010

The question of labour became the centre of attention thanks to the Marxists. According to their opinion an ape changed into a man thanks to work. Our standpoint is different: man is not only a subject of work creating something different that he himself is but the work helps him to develop his own existence. In work a man conveys his spiritual side. A man needs to work in order to be a man and becoming a man more and more. The work belongs to his fundamental private rights.

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Interlinkages of the Czech Regional Labour Markets

Author(s): Vít Pošta / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2018

The key issue of the structural policy are the specifics of the respective regions which comprise the whole economy. This paper focuses on the possible interlinkages of the regional labour markets of the Czech economy. The analysis rests on the key variables of the search model, which are probability of finding a job, separation rate and labour market tightness. The possible interlinkages are detected via multivariate GARCH models between the particular regional labour market and the whole economy. The results show that by no means can it be expected that there are any stable links between the markets. The interlinkages are many times absent at all and also significant asymmetry with respect to the variable in question arises. The results point to significant structural specificities of the respective regional labour market.

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Naknada štete kao posledica nezakonitog otkaza ugovora o radu u pravu Velike Britanije i Republike Srbije

Author(s): Jovana Misailović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2018

The subject of this paper is damages as a result of the unlawful termination of the employment. Labour Law of the Republic of Serbia does not define damages in case of unlawful termination of the employment in the event the employee does not return to work, as the compensation. This is why the question of the legal nature of damages in the theory and case law of the Republic of Serbia is raised. Amended Labour Law of 2014 is ambiguous when it comes to whether the employee who does not return to work is entitled to damages for lost earnings and social security contributions belonging to the employee who does return to work, also as a consequence of the unlawful termination of the employment. To be more specific, the law itself does not prescribe cumulatively damages for the event when employee does not return to work, as it is defined by the legislation of the United Kingdom as the compensation institute. By comparing Labour law of Republic of Serbia with legislation of the United Kingdom, we come to the conclusion that damages in our law in the event the employee does not return to work should be defined as compensation, thus allowing more efficient protection of employees which is one of the main goals of labour law.

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PROBLEMATYKA RYZYKA ZAWODOWEGO W STOSUNKACH PRACY I STOSUNKACH SŁUŻBOWYCH ORAZ EGZEKWOWANIE JEGO OCENY PRZEZ PAŃSTWOWĄ INSPEKCJĘ PRACY

Author(s): Marian Andrzej Liwo / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2018

Risk has determination wile and there is object of interest many scientific discipline. With risk and management is tied installation definite form of activity . In working employment and installation of risk is one of guarantor of affirmation of safety unworking emploi. Regulations are included made in many sources concerning risk professional right law, who specify duties in its range of installation not only. States are main public subject inspection of work executing executing estimate risk professional, in employment on base of relation of work suitable.

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MEVSİMLİK İŞLERDE ÇALIŞANLARIN ÇALIŞMA KOŞULLARININ İŞ GÜVENCESİ, İŞ GÜVENLİĞİ ve HUKUKİ AÇIDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Author(s): Güliz Müge Akpınar,Şanser Vurgun,Seda DUYGUN AĞIR / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 40/2018

Jobs that occur due to increased production or work intensity during certain periods during the year can be defined as seasonal jobs. These jobs, which are mainly seen in sectors such as agriculture, tourism and services, are unskilled, low quality, inexperienced, inferior in age, have no military service, have never been trained or are continuing education and have cheap labor characteristics in terms of their possessions. The nature of seasonal works, the working conditions, the preference of unqualified persons for seasonal work to reduce labor costs, and the lack of legal grounds in other legislation, notably the Labor Code; these workers are faced with various problems, such as being employed without insurance, lack of job security and job security. The seasonal business relationship draws attention to the loss of the rights of the worker in terms of the manner in which the business relationship is established. In this study, in the light of the legal regulations, the situation of the employees in seasonal jobs are handled in different dimensions; job security and job security will be assessed in the light of doctrine and Court of Cassation Decisions; it will try to suggest solutions for the identified problems.

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Leaving Home in Insecure Conditions. The Role of Labour Market Policies and the Housing Market in Europe

Author(s): Sonia Bertolini,Valentina Goglio,Valentina Moiso,Paola Maria Torrioni / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

Leaving home is regarded as one of the key markers of the transition to adulthood. Previous studies have shown that the degree to which labour market vulnerability affects decisions about leaving the parental home and forming a family differs across countries and across different welfare state regimes. In countries that provide more generous supports for youth, the impact of labour market weakness on housing autonomy is reduced. Still, it remains unclear what dimensions of the institutional setting may be most important when it comes to buffering the relationship between labour market insecurity and individual autonomy among young people. Against this background, the paper uses multilevel models to investigate whether and how passive labour market policies and the structure of the housing market can moderate the relationship between labour market exclusion and youth housing autonomy. The results show that the level of expenditure on passive labour market policies, as well as the level of coverage of these policies, do not play a moderating role on the association between unemployment and housing autonomy, suggesting that further investigation in this domain would benefit from the inclusion of qualitative information on the design of passive measures. On the contrary, the structure of the housing market shows a positive role, although relatively low, in moderating the association between unemployment and housing autonomy, together with a negative moderating role of the level of indebtedness of the households. These findings shed light on the domains where policy intervention might provide better returns when it comes to fostering the achievement of housing autonomy for youth.

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Labour Market Flexibility and Home-leaving in Different Welfare States: Does Labour Force and Contractual Status Matter?

Author(s): Sonia Bertolini,Dirk Hofäcker,Paola Maria Torrioni / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

This paper examines the impact of the labour market and the employment status on leaving the parental home in France, Germany and Italy. In particular, temporary employment has concentrated disproportionately among young labour market entrants without safe labour market anchorage. One consequence for young adults remaining in unemployment or non-permanent jobs is the postponement of important decisions in their private lives such as home-leaving; whereas the length of postponement depends on the institutional context. Less attention has been paid to the analysis of education-specific patterns in the effects of employment precariousness on individual decision-making. The paper aims to fill this gap by analysing whether and how the employment status (employed/unemployed) as well as the type of contract (fixed-term/permanent) influences the first transition of leaving the parental home, and how this effect varies according to the level of education in three different institutional contexts. To this end, the paper uses a mixed method approach, combining results from a quantitative analysis of data from the European Labour Force Survey 2010 with findings from qualitative research based on interviews and focus groups with people aged 20-45 to highlight the mechanism driving young peoples’ decisions.

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Unemployment and Subjective Well-being Among the Youth: Evidence from a Longitudinal Study in Poland

Author(s): Magdalena Rokicka,Małgorzata Kłobuszewska,Marta Palczyńska / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of becoming unemployed on the well-being of young people. Particularly, we examine to what extent this relationship is moderated by the local unemployment rate. To address this topic, we use the Polish longitudinal dataset: Social Diagnosis: Objective and Subjective Quality of Life in Poland (2005-2015).Using a fixed effect model, we find that young individuals who lost a job feel worse off than their counterparts who remained employed, and that these effects differ by gender, with men being more susceptible to changes in the employment status. Moreover, we show that the impact of unemployment on the well-being of men is the smaller the higher the unemployment rate is. However, contrary to expectations, this effect is driven by the decreasing well-being of employed men and not by a decline in the distress level of unemployed men when aggregate unemployment grows.

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Albanian Trade and Wage Inequality: Skilled versus Unskilled Workers’ Case

Author(s): Dijena Drenova / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2018

This paper examines the impact of foreign trade on wage inequalities between skilled and unskilled workers in Albania. Although the relationship between trade and wage inequality has been widely studied in developing countries, still researches on this matter are scarce for the case of Albania. To investigate this matter further an Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression is run. The data used are annual observations from 1985 to 2014 retrieved from INSTAT and Statistical Yearbook of Albania 1991, including the wage ratio between skilled and unskilled workers according to professional categories. Empirical analyses suggest that trade has contributed to increasing wage inequality in Albania, in contradiction to what the traditional view of Heckscher- Ohlin theorem claims. The results also indicate that trade accounts only partially in wage inequalities. Other factors like technological bias, demographic variables and net exports may be accountable in increasing inequalities on skill premium. The rising wage inequality should be a case of concern for the country’s policymakers to come up with appropriate solutions against poverty and inequality, and an important area of study for future researches to better determine the factors behind the wage gap.

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A Final Solution of Informality Problem on Self-employed and Employed in Kosovo

Author(s): Nakije Myftar Kida / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2018

A higher level of implementation of tax legislation, efficiency in the Tax Administration of Kosovo (TAK), cooperation between TAK and municipal levels, stimulated and encouraged the reduction of informality of the self-employed and workers in Kosovo businesses. This paper examines two types of employment in Kosovo (employed and self-employed) in 9 Regions (Ferizaj, Gjakova, Gjilan, Mitrovica, Peja, Prishtina 1, Pristina 2, Prishtina 3 and Prizren) and the Department of Large Taxpayers (DLT). To study the dynamics of employment growth, evidence was obtained from the employment figures from the TAK central level, the 2013-2016 period on monthly and yearly basis. The employment performance results have a two-sided positive impact, first they examine the efficiency of TAK in reducing the informality of selfemployed and workers in Kosovo, and secondly they examine business co-operation towards reducing informality. The assessment of results is based on descriptive employment statistics for large regions separately.

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Modele europene de reprezentare a intereselor socio-profesionale: sindicatele si patronatele

Author(s): Roxana Radu,Cezar Avram / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 18+19/2008

Pressure groups are a way in which certain groups of interests try to influence state power without using force. Among these groups, employees and employers' associations play a wider social role. They have many other potential roles, not the least being to provide a sense of collective identity, labor security and social peace, as well as economic and professional class consciousness that can be translated into political agendas.

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SUPPRESSION OF CHILD LABOUR – BRIEF OVERVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

Author(s): Mario Reljanović / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

The notion of child labour is well determined by relevant international instruments and it can be said that it is theoretically unquestionable. In practice, however, there are various concerns about how to distinguish legal child work from illegal child labour. Sexual exploitation of children, as well as trafficking in children for further exploitation, are still reality in many countries of the world, although they are characterized as the worst forms of child abuse and incriminated as criminal offenses. In addition, a large share of child labour falls under labour in agriculture and household work – these are forms that are very difficult to perceive, and in some cultures and traditions are practically allowed, regardless of the existing legal prohibitions. There are also different strategies which countries are developing to approach the problem of child labour. The aim of the research is to show that the theoretical framework of the content of child labour is undisputed and that it allows clear distinction of child work from child labour. Also, by examining content and scope of basic legal institutes it can be concluded how an effective system for protecting children from labour exploitation and other forms of illicit engagement should potentially look like.

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Wage dynamics and worker mobility during deep recessions

Author(s): Anete Pajuste,Hernán Ruffo / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

We provide empirical evidence of the relationship between downward wage rigidity and unemployment volatility by comparing wage dynamics and worker mobility during the Great Recession in two countries where wages adjusted very differently: Latvia and Spain. Using a panel of social security administrative data, we find that wages in Spain were rigid even during periods of rising unemployment. In contrast, Latvian wages were reduced and wage cuts affected 60 percent of jobs. At the same time, the elasticity of workers’ transition rates into and out of unemployment to productivity shocks was four times higher in Spain than in Latvia, and these responses were more persistent in Spain. This evidence is consistent with theoretical models that show that unemployment volatility is higher when wages are rigid.

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Survival Modelling of Repeated Events Using the Example of Changes in the Place of Employment

Author(s): Wioletta Grzenda / Language(s): English Issue: 342/2019

This paper concerns the issue of survival modelling in the case of repeated events. In the modelling of this type of events, attention should be paid to the existence of dependence among the analysed durations, as well as the occurrence of unobserved heterogeneity. One of the ways to include these aspects in the analysis is to use models with random effects. The primary objective of this paper is to present the application of such models to analyse changes in the place of employment. The duration of individual periods of employment for the surveyed employees was modelled. The approach used made it possible to identify factors influencing decisions on job changes, but also to assess the risk of occurrence of events such as termination of employment, and to examine the impact of unobserved heterogeneity on the results of the estimations.

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