INFLUENŢA COMERŢULUI INTERNAŢIONAL ASUPRA OCUPĂRII RESURSELOR DE MUNCĂ DIN ROMÂNIA

Author(s): Emilia Herman / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 2/2008

The economic theory and practice proves that economic growth and employment rate in each country depend on both the domestic factor and participation in foreign economic exchanges. In this study we propose ourselves to emphasize the impact of foreign trade (import and export) on labor employment in Romania, in 1991-2006. As a result of our research, in Romania a significant direct relation cannot be set statistically between dynamics of exports and dynamics of employed population, and as a result, we can state that economic theory is not proven, as regards the direct relation between export and employment. On the other hand, the theory wherein increase of imports may lead to the reduction of employment rate in Romania is proven.

SENJSKA HUMANITARNA I STRUKOVNA UDRUŽENJA U MEĐURATNOM RAZDOBLJU

Author(s): Mira Kolar-Dimitrijević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/1980

DIGITALIZATION AND LEVELS OF QUALIFICATION

Author(s): Cătălin Ionuţ Silvestru,Vasilica-Cristina Icociu,Tiberiu-Gabriel Dobrescu,Nicolae Postăvaru / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2021

The article is based on an analysis of current documents issued at European level, by the European Commission, CEDEFOP, USA-Department for Labor and also at national level, on digital education and establishing the necessary competencies at different levels of education. For the first time, a correlation is made between the qualification levels in the National Qualifications Framework and the competences / skills currently existing in the specialized literature as a narrative. This classification comes to the aid of education specialists to show them what needs to be taught to pupils and students according to their mental capacity in what we call digital education. We must take into account the development of the minds of young people, in conjunction with the taught elements of digital education, in order to be consistent with the educational profile and the curriculum aims. The aspects presented in this article refer to young people of medium level of development for whom a digital education strategy is made and those underdeveloped. For the digital age, it is clear that a national strategy for digital education is needed. This must include the competencies and learning outcomes specific to each qualification level in the education system, including teacher training, and the technology required. In this paper we show that at European level important steps have been taken in this direction, there is an Action Plan based on a recommendation of the Council, supplemented with competencies and related levels. Thus, we are presenting a proposal for coordination between the levels of digital skills and those of education and qualifications, which should come to the aid of those entitled to regulate the situation of digital education.

USING ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS IN ACHIEVING ELEARNING IMPROVEMENT. BEST PRACTICES AND LESSONS LEARNED DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Author(s): Hortensia Gorski,Ghiţă BÂRSAN,Ilie Gligorea / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2021

Being faced with the lockdown policies, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, has forced the impelled acceleration of the process of digitization and the adoption of immediate solutions by educational institutions and their leadership. The need for sudden, unplanned and unprepared changes revealed serious problems related to the phenomenon of digitalization of education. This paper is based on qualitative research, which allowed describing in detail the many aspects related to the quality of the eLearning process in terms of the main stakeholders directly and indirectly involved. Root cause analysis, addressed by the authors in this paper, as part of a larger project that aims to continuously improve online teaching and learning in the “Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy in Sibiu, allowed identifying and understanding the causes and sub-causes. In order to visualize them as user-friendly as possible, we used the facilities of the MindManager program. Following the analysis, a more complete picture of what happened in the eLearning process in the context of COVID-19 pandemic was obtained. The information collected through the qualitative research, based on the tools highlighted in the paper, allowed identifying best practices and lessons learned, which would later be shared internally – within the Academy - and externally - with partners. The paper ends with a series of solutions that can contribute to the continuous improvement of eLearning.

THE FUTURE JOBS DEVELOPMENT WITHIN DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES EVOLUTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE CHANGE

Author(s): Codrin-Leonard Herţanu / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2020

The contemporary world’s changes rhythm has reached an unparalleled level, mostly triggered by the conversion of ’technology advance’ into ’technology changeover’. Both the disruptive technologies evolution and the metamorphosis given by globalization to the organizational culture have brought many challenges for the future professions development. The prognoses regarding future have represented a constant concern for different social categories over the mankind history. In the contemporary world the forecast of the future is performed in order to meet the growing needs of both the public and private sector, within the extremely competitive global environment, using techniques ranging from mere assessments to multi-criterion computer-based prognoses. Due to the fact that the present world has the tendency to evolve at least exponential, even a ten-year long prognosis is fairly different than the present layout of the contemporary environment in order to bring about a significant study related to the future global outline. The development of the future jobs takes into account, on the one hand the detailed diversity and specialization of the present occupations, on the other mostly refers to pinpointing those professions that even though do not exist at the present moment, they will be needed for running different organizations, systems and institutions of the future interconnected and highly technical world. In order to accomplish a high level accuracy assessment of the way in which the future occupations will evolve, we have to bring into discussion those variables that mostly influence the development trend of the nowadays world professions. An entire array of the present studies widely recognize that the progress of the new technologies and, especially of the disruptive ones, will pose one of the most meaningful impact over the way in which the present moment jobs will be transformed. At the present moment, different domains of the latest technologies have been regarded to have an impact, sufficient enough to trigger crucial mutations that irrevocably change the way in which the business environment operates, the consumers’ behaviors, and the manner in which both goods and services are produced. While in previous - but still not so far – times these technological achievements had been represented by electricity and automobile as well as television, at the present moment the disruptive feature is retrieved mainly within Connectivity, Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain Technology. Importantly, all these evolutions from the technology domain will generate paramount and irrevocable mutations within the organizational culture of the whole types of future institutions. For future professions the fundamental shifts will be retrieved within the essential change of the occupations development paradigm, through moving the center of gravity from the institutional area to that of the employees. One of the main mutations regards the fact that not the corporations or institutions will primarily recruit their personnel, but conversely, the employees will be those to hire them. Besides, not the companies will mainly be the creators of the new types of professions, but the employees will do this. Last but not least, the chief dimension where the overarching events, transactions and social-economical phenomena are going to take place will not be that of the companies and institutions but that quite heterogeneous of the employees.

SHAPING THE FUTURE: BETWEEN OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF THE ONGOING 4th AND THE FORTHCOMING 5th INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Author(s): Ioana Petcu,Dragoş Cătalin Barbu,Monica Anghel,Andreea Florina Radu,Daniela Georgiana Golea / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2020

The impact of the recent digital and innovative technological evolutions has, by all means, been major on every aspect of our lives, affecting and transforming our societies. We are living an era of fast technological developments. Thus, we dare stating that the natural selection is not an option anymore, but rather the forced evolution and only those looking for new creative, innovative solutions will be able to survive, evolve and thrive in the future. We recently entered the 4th industrial revolution and we are about to take the next step to the 5th one. But we have to question ourselves: are we truly ready to keep up with this alert pace of evolution? Are we prepared and aware of the opportunities and most important of the challenges brought by the new technological revolutions? Therefore, our paper aims to analyse / evaluate in a more or less comprehensive approach, the current state of play of the digital and innovative solutions (e.g.: artificial intelligence) and their future impact on public administration's and business environment activities, educational systems and on the society, as a whole. Through our paper we also want to underline that we do not have any guarantees on how the scenarios will unfold, but nevertheless, we do have the prerequisites to foresee those scenarios and prepare ourselves to respond in a common, integrated manner, informing and involving all stakeholders - the public and private sector, academia and civil society. Only taking this path we can make the most out of it and generate added value, in terms of: more efficient and up-to-date public services, increased quality of products and services provided by companies, a functional and sustainable labour market, implicit overall competitiveness and not at last, a better quality of life for citizens.

Marxism, Gender and “the Transition”: A Comparative Review of Federici and Seccombe

Author(s): Gary Blank / Language(s): English Issue: 2 (16)/2014

Review: Marxism, Gender and “the Transition”: A Comparative Review of Federici and Seccombe (Gary Blank)

Efectele pandemiei COVID-19 pe piața muncii

Author(s): Beáta Kádár,Szeréna Nagy / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 2/2020

COVID-19 is currently a pandemic of such a magnitude that it affects economy, labour market, society and all aspects of life. Many researchers are currently engaged in examining the issues, challenges and impacts caused by COVID-19. It causes changes of such nature and degree in the economy and labour market that have been unprecedented. In fact, as a result of the pandemic, the operation and composition of the economy and the structure of the labour market will change. The present study examines how Romanian respondents see the impact of COVID-19 on the labour market, employment and on the different sectors of the economy.

Impact of International Trade on Nigeria Economic Growth: Evidence on Trade Cost

Author(s): Babajide A. Ajayi,Emmanuel Busuyi Oguntomi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This study investigated the impact of international trade on Nigerian economic growth, empirical evidence on trade cost. The ordinary least square technique was used to analyse data from 1960 to 2021. The study specifically focused on the impact of trade cost on economic growth in Nigeria, by grounding it on the Ricardian theory of comparative advantage. The econometric analyses of augmented dickey-fuller unit root test, error correction model, pair-wise granger causality test, and fully modified ordinary least square test were conducted. The FMOLS results showed that the consumer price index (CPI) and inflation consumer prices (ICP) have a significant negative effect on GDP. Thus, trade cost has adverse impact on Nigeria economic growth on the long run. On the short run, only consumer prices index (CPI) has positive impact on gross domestic product (GDP) while inflation consumer prices (ICP) has negative impact on gross domestic product (GDP), but the relationship is not statistically significant. It is recommended that there is need for the government to strengthen the monetary policy as to maintain price stability.

Two sides of the working alliance: A qualitative study from the perspective of both probationers and probation officers

Author(s): Annelies Sturm,Vivienne de Vogel,Marcus JH Huibers / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The probationer–probation officer working alliance plays an important role in the outcome of probation supervision. This study explored the development of the working alliance between probationers and probation officers in the Netherlands, from the perspective of both probationers and probation officers. More specifically, we explored the significance of different aspects of the working alliance at the start of probation supervision and after a three-month period, as well as the role played by critical incidents during the supervisory process and their subsequent effect on the working alliance. Overall, the study showed that clarity over goals and restrictions was initially the most salient issue for both parties, and that after a three-month period the working alliance evolved into a trusting relationship. Several incidents were identified, probationers identified more positive moments and less negative moments than their PO counterparts. If these types of incidents are managed accordingly by the probation officer, then they can ultimately serve to strengthen the relationship.

Характеристики в профила на младежи от уязвими социални групи на пазара на труда през погледа на кариерни консултанти

Author(s): Tanya Terziyska–Kuneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The youngers, who are up to 29 years old and do not work, not educated and training (NEET) are considered as extremely vulnerable group on the Labor market. Their passivity on the labor market leads to ever-worsening negative effects on the social and economic picture in individual European countries. For the stakeholders and responsible government institutions, finding a workable solution is increasingly complex and challenging. The paper is focused on the on clarifying the socio-psychological profile of youths from group NEET in Bulgaria, as well as their attitudes towards work and continuing learning, according to the opinion of career counselors and guidance specialist. Recommendation coming out to improve service for youth in order to actively participate in the labor market. The emphasis is on strengthening the role of career counselors coaching skills and link between the educational system and the labor market.

Младежката социална политика в България (началото на 60-те–средата на 70-те години на ХХ век)

Author(s): Alexander Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

n the period from the early 1960s to the mid-1970s, when the crisis socio-economic phenomena arising from the economic and debt crisis in which Bulgaria fell, the care of the growing generation and their social status in the socialist society undergoes substantial transformations and changes. The root change that occurs in all spheres of the social and social development of the country poses to the system the increasingly important issues related to youth care, their future realization and their social inclusion as an equal part of the socialist society. The paths for achieving such a social policy are implemented through certain legislative and restrictive initiatives and mechanisms that apply both to the care of young people and their social protection and to their being the subject of particular attention by the state. This article will outline only the main aspects related to the processes of transformation, transition and formation of government policy and strategy towards young people who are not learning or not working, in view of the social change that socialist society undergoes during that period.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION AS A PANACEA FOR ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF SALEM UNIVERSITY LOKOJA, NIGERIA

Author(s): Alewo Johnson Akubo / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

Entrepreneurship education has continued to dominate discussions at many local and international academic meets. This is due to its potentials in empowering graduates of tertiary institutions, not only to employ themselves, but to also become employer of labour. In Nigeria, as it is the case with many third world countries, the statistics of unemployment has remained staggering over the years. This is not unconnected with the dearth of jobs. This piece, using Salem University as a case study, seeks to examine possible ways through which entrepreneurship education can serve as a veritable tool in equipping undergraduates, with a view to finding a lasting solution to the menace of unemployment in the country. The primary data was sourced through structured questionnaire while the secondary data was collected from relevant text books, journals and internet sources. The data was analyzed using weight mean scores. The study shows that entrepreneurship education provides the requisite training skills needed for reducing unemployment in Nigeria. Similarly, the study further revealed that entrepreneurship education provides the needed training that inspires creativity and innovation as well as helping to identify potential business opportunities in Nigeria. Lastly, this study among other things, recommends that the Management of Salem University should improve on its facilities and equipment base in order to expose its students to the relevant entrepreneurial skills needed.

THE ROLE OF THE MEDIA IN SHAPING AND PROPAGATING MAY DAY RITUALS: AN EXAMPLE OF GLAS SLAVONIJE, NEWSPAPER FROM OSIJEK (1945-1950)

Author(s): Slađana Josipović Batorek,Valentina Kezić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The Communist Party of Yugoslavia’s (CPY) rise to power in 1945 was followed by a period of fundamental socio-political changes that encompassed all aspects of life. In order to establish a complete political and ideological authority, the government attempted to suppress all elements which, in their view, were not aligned with the doctrine of the Communist Party. As a result, everything that was perceived as remnants of the old socio-political order was marginalised, such as religion, tradition and customs. Moreover, reinterpretation of the past also took place, as well as creation of new rituals and Tito’s cult of personality. Accordingly, a completely new calendar of official, state holidays was established, deprived of any national or religious tradition. One of those holidays was May Day, which was celebrated for two days and whose purpose, like most other holidays of that period, was to create uniqueness of feelings and actions in society, focusing on the working class, socialism, CPY, Yugoslavia and Josip Broz Tito. Besides, celebrations of major anniversaries and holidays, including May Day, presented an opportunity for transmission of ideological and political messages, most often articulated through numerous slogans which clearly defined the direction in which the society should move. The media played a key role in this process. Therefore, the central part of the paper consists of the analysis of newspaper articles from Glas Slavonije in order to understand its role in the implementation of those new political rituals and social values.

A CGE analysis of the impact of climate change on sustainable development: the case of High Plateaux region, Algeria

Author(s): Mohammed Touitou / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The paper aims to assess the impact of climate change on sustainable development in the case of the High Plateaux region of Algeria. A baseline “climate change” scenario and an “adaptation” scenario were assessed as part of our work. The methodological approach implemented is broken down into three interconnected evaluation phases, pre-modelling phase, modelling phase and post-modelling phase. The work has shown that these complex ex-ante evaluation approaches are adaptable and applicable in the context of Algeria. Our findings indicate that climate change would have a significant impact on economic aggregates on a regional scale. It also highlighted that the calculation of a single index of the impact of environmental policies on the sustainability of arid regions confirms the hypothesis of gaining sustainability by working towards a strategy of adaptation to climate change.

Trends analysis in Gig economy

Author(s): Dragan Milošević,Dejan Ilić,Jovana Popović / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

This paper aims to research the main characteristics and trends of the freelancer’s market in temporary and occasional jobs in the Digital economy. The research was conducted by analyzing the content of reports of companies that hire freelancers, consulting companies and blogs of experts. The Digital economy is one of the results of the widespread application of information and communication technologies (ICT) that have influenced the transformation of the business model. Widespread application of ICT increased the flexibility of the work environment from the perspective of the place and time of work, as well as the way of engagement of the workforce. The application of ICT has expanded the scope and range of services available in today's market of temporary and occasional jobs. Contemporary companies in the Digital economy are increasingly focusing on their core competencies, leaving other jobs to external associates. The Gig economy refers to the engagement of labour in temporary and occasional jobs. Of the total number of employees in the USA during 2020, 36% worked as freelancers. Freelancers, during 2020, generated total revenue of US$ 1.2 trillion. Also, it is important to point out that a certain percentage of freelancers, currently, realize additional jobs in this way, but that there is a noticeable increase in the number of freelancers who accept this model of employment as the only way of permanent employment. Also, further growth in the number of freelancers in the world is predicted.

The Impact of Globalisation on Employment Statute Related to Employers in Zimbabwe

Author(s): Cleopas Fore,Wilfred Isioma Ukpere / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Globalisation led to reduction of barriers between countries and intensified international interdependency such that developments unfolding in a faraway country now affect the rest of the world in economic, political and social aspects (Giddens, 1990). The Zimbabwean labour market and its national labour legislation has not been spared from the impact of globalisation. Zimbabwean labour legislation had had several amendments from its inception in 1985 to date. The amendments done at each epoch had caused serious outcry from both labour and business with the main accusations arising from unions who claimed that the effects of globalisation and government’s desire to lure foreign direct investment (FDI) led to serious bias towards employers. It is against this background that this article’s objective is to interrogate the impact of globalisation on labour legislation for employers. The article adopted a qualitative paradigm and made use of interviews and participants memoirs to understand this phenomenon. Results were analysed thematically by use of both Nvivo 10 and manual coding. Results showed that globalisation has impact on labour legislation for employers. Foreign direct investment and special economic zones were identified as drivers of globalisation responsible for positive impact on labour legislation for employers by influencing deregulation of unfriendly employment laws, instituting flexible contract of employment, easy termination of contracts of employment and giving immunity from dictates of the labour laws for employers operating in special economic zones. The positives of globalisation for employers resulted in direct negatives for employees. The article recommends that employers need to put into context both globalisation dynamics and dictates of the labour legislation to ensure employee dignity and fair globalisation.

Принудительный труд населения в условиях нацистской оккупации 1941–1944 гг. (на материалах пограничной территории Беларуси и Северо-Запада России)

Author(s): Elena E. Krasnozhenova,E.A. Greben / Language(s): Russian Issue: 37/2021

The article investigates features of forced labor in the border territory of Belarus and the North-West of Russia during Nazi occupation of 1941–1944. The Wehrmacht used forced labor both in Germany by hijacking Soviet citizens there, and in industrial enterprises and in agriculture of the occupied territories. The civilian population was involved in the performance of certain work in favor of the occupation authorities. Peasants, in addition to traditional agricultural work and payment of in-kind taxes, were often forcibly involved in performing horse — drawn duties, peat and logging, railway protection, and mine clearance. Citizens were actively used by the occupying authorities to construct defensive structures and to work at industrial enterprises. Refusal to work was punishable by a fine, deprivation of ration cards, corporal punishment, and sentencing to a labor camp or shooting. Forced to work in enterprises, institutions, and agriculture, the population received meager wages and food rations, and the vast majority of workers lived below the poverty line. A special place among the crimes of Nazism in the territory of the North-West of Russia and Belarus, where the occupation went on the longest, is occupied by the forcible deportation of the population to Germany. From some settlements, the occupation authorities sent entire local populations to Germany without regard to age, health, or family circumstances. To provide the Nazi economy with labor, the occupation authorities paid considerable attention to propaganda among the population and the organization of recruitment campaigns. However, this did not contribute to raising the number of volunteers; instead, local residents in the occupied regions sabotaged the orders of the German-fascist command.

Контроль спецслужб в коммунальном хозяйстве Ленинграда и борьба за дисциплину (1918 - первая половина 1930-х гг.)

Author(s): O. Yu. Malinova-Tziafeta / Language(s): Russian Issue: 37/2021

The article examines tense relations between the state, managers, and employees of industrial enterprises, concretely at the Vodokanalizatsiya Trust. The trust was engaged in the design, construction, and operation of water supply and sewage systems, the most important systems for modernizing urban space in the whole of Europe. Technological innovations were to be followed by social changes that could have their own specific traits in relation to other enterprises, since the trust did not belong to any of the most important branches of Soviet industry. Materials from the Central State Archives of St. Petersburg regarding activities of this department in the “Vodokanalizatsiya” trust show that a so-called Secret Department (Sekretnaya chast) or Secret Police, a branch of the OGPU — NKVD, gradually began to play an increasingly important role in managing these enterprises. Through these Secret Departments, new principles of hiring and dismissal from work, as well as imposing disciplinary sanctions, were introduced in the late 1920s. The special attention of the Secret Department was received by so-called “former people,” as well as by representatives of peoples. All this took place under conditions of an acute shortage of skilled labor in Leningrad. Thus, the state’s interests in economic development came into conflict with other interests, which in state literature are labelled as “ideological” and are rarely analyzed in detail. The article discusses the real case of anti-Soviet agitation, of which the central figure was a worker in the communal services of Leningrad. Thus, the role of the OGPU — NKVD in the development of the Soviet industry in the 1930s is studied using the example of the Vodokanalizatsiya Trust.

Трансформация образа капитализма в общественном сознании в период перестройки

Author(s): A. D. Popova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 37/2021

This article examines the transformation of the image of capitalism in Russian public opinion during Perestroika. The opposition between socialism and capitalism was a key aspect of Soviet ideology and the Soviet system of values. Perestroika triggered new economic practices, such as leasing and cooperatives, which were the first steps in the transition from communism to capitalism. Using various sources (periodical articles, Russian citizens’ letters to officials and to editorial boards), this article investigates Russian people’s attitudes to the development of capitalism in Russia. The early history of capitalism in Russia was turbulent, and people’s attitudes to capitalism were versatile. An analysis of letters by Russian citizens reveals some characteristic features of the Soviet mentality and assesses Soviet people’s attitudes to capitalism through the prism of a Soviet mentality that rejected the idea of wealth accumulation, preached social equality, extolled social labor, but admired dictatorship as the best form of social organization. Hence, people expressed their vehement disapproval of cooperatives and demanded that the latter should be immediately closed. The author underlines that the image of capitalism underwent a certain transformation in public opinion, which can be seen in infrequent but comprehensive letters written by Soviet citizens who highlighted the necessity of market economy, stressing its advantages.