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Three years after the beginning of the political changes and two years after the beginning of the economic reform in Bulgaria a large portion of the population think that unemployment is not an inevitable phenomenon. Data from a national opinion poll of March 1993 reveal that a mere 27.3 percent consider unemployment natural and inevitable , and 63.3 percent think the Government should take measures to stop unemployment.
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The paper analysis the reasons why Bulgaria is one of the specific cases of science development and 'Brain Drain'. Bulgaria is one of the countries with the largest share of unemployed with higher education - 17% of all unemployed. The unemployment promotes the emigration attidues among scientist. The data indicates that the Bulgarian science personnel is ageing. Less and less young people work in the research institutions. Special measures are needed in this respect on the part of the government for encouraging young people. Before the reforms Bulgaria used to have a highest standard by the indicator "employed in science per capita".
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Tokom posljednjih godina postignut je značajan napredak u reformi sektora pravde u BiH. Međutim, iako su doneseni značajni reformski zakoni i podzakonski akti, kao i mnogi strateški dokumenti i prateći akcioni planovi, sektor pravde se suočava sa nizom problema, a održivost do sada provedenih reformi je neizvjesna, ukoliko se intenzivnije ne preduzmu aktivnosti da se nadogradi ono što je do sada postignuto, kao i da se uklone slabosti koje su i dalje prisutne unutar cjelokupnog sistema pravde. Uspostava i upravljenje cjelokupnim reformskim procesom nije obaveza samo institucija vlasti. Kroz provođenje istraživanja, pripremu analiza i prikazivanje činjeničnog stanja, organizacije civilnog društva mogu dati značajan doprinos donošenju odluka i politika zasnovanih na potrebama građana, te ostvariti pozitivan uticaj na kvalitet pružanja javnih usluga. Istovremeno, kroz ovakav vid djelovanja, civilno društvo ostvaruje demokratski pritisak na predstavnike institucija vlasti za provođenje obaveza koje su preuzele te podstiču iste na usvajanje onih politika koje vode društvo ka principima koje civilno društvo zagovara. Ovakav pristup dijalogu sa predstavnicima vlasti odabrale su i nevladine organizacije koje djeluju kao članice Mreže pravde u Bosni i Hercegovini. Kroz udruženo djelovanje, članice Mreže, zagovaraju izgradnju društva zasnovanog na vladavini zakona i zaštiti ljudskih prava. Zalaganje za ove vrijednosti i interese građana u sektoru pravde, članice Mreže provode na osnovu snage sopstvenih argumenata: provođenju istraživanja i pisanja analiza. Upravo u tu svrhu, objavljena je publikacija Pristup pravdi u Bosni i Hercegovini koja okuplja nekoliko analiza koje se bave problematikom pristupa pravdi u oblasti pravosuđa s različitih aspekata. Okvirna tema je odabrana s obzirom da nivo ostvarenja pristupa pravdi jedne zemlje ukazuje na nivo poštivanja osnovnih prava i sloboda njenih građana, te da je pristup pravdi u Bosni i Hercegovini, prema mišljenju stručnjaka ali i predstavnika pravosuđa, uveliko ograničen. Sve ugrožene socijalne kategorije, kao što su nezaposleni, žene, osobe sa posebnim potrebama, izbjeglice i raseljena lica, Romi, kao i druge nacionalne manjine, su suočeni sa nizom problema zaštite svojih osnovnih prava. Činjenica da se polovina stanovništva BiH nalazi u stanju socijalne isključenosti ukazuje na obim problema o kojem je riječ. Uzroci lošeg pristupa pravdi su višestruki: kompleksnost pravosudnog i političkog sistema; nedostatak harmonizacije sudske prakse; komplikovane i dugotrajne procedure; nedostatak informacija; skupi sudski postupci; nepoznavanje prava i pravnih mehanizama njihove zaštite; korupcija, itd. Baveći se ovim problemima autori analiza koje objedinjuje publikacija Pristup pravdi u Bosni i Hercegovini nastoje dati uvid u određene reformske aktivnosti u sektoru pravde, razmatraju različite opcije i daju preporuke s prijedlogom rješenja na datu problematiku, s ciljem da podstaknu pozitivne promjene u oblasti pravosuđa i upozna javnost sa istim. Prema tome, nadamo se da će ova publikacija biti koristan izvor informacija predstavnicima pravosuđa kao uvid u određenu problematiku iz perspektive civilnog društva, te da će inicirati i razvoj interesovanja kod organizacija civilnog društva za djelovanje u oblasti pravosuđa. Koristimo ovu priliku da se zahvalimo svima koji su bili uključeni u realizaciju pripreme analiza i izradu publikacije. Posebno se zahvaljujemo Američkoj agenciji za međunarodni razvoj (USAID) koja kroz Projekat razvoja sektora pravosuđa II pruža tehničku podršku Mreži pravde u BiH i njenim članicama.
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The research is part of the strategic project “Rural Manager” POSDRU / 13 / 5.2 / S / 8 and was conducted based on a survey to which 942 entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs from rural areas responded. In addition, 3 focus groups, 3 brainstorming's and 30 in-depth interviews were conducted with 80 entrepreneurs and 159 civil servants. She analyzed entrepreneurial values, building an 11-step entrepreneurial scale, entrepreneurial attitudes and behaviors, qualities and obstacles in managerial career, theoretical management knowledge held by rural employers, the need for training and entrepreneurship in business, business consulting, rural management perspectives.
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The research is part of the strategic project “Rural Entrepreneur”, POSDRU / 83 / 5.2 / S / 59596 and was conducted based on a survey to which 1,527 entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs from rural areas responded. In addition, 5 focus groups, 5 brainstorming's and 50 in-depth interviews were conducted with 154 entrepreneurs and 115 civil servants. She analyzed how people started their first business, the factors that determined the success of their first business, the transition to a sustainable business, the obstacles encountered in starting an entrepreneur, the fears that appear when starting a business, the changes after starting a business, the perception of competition, self-evaluation. managerial education, the need for consultancy, external support in business development, the future of one's own business, the dynamics of the entrepreneurial approach in rural areas during 2008-2010.
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Consisting of extremely violent and seemingly random events, the phenomenon of homicides is often considered a sign of social pathology and thus the spatial dimension that it can acquire through the various processes that lead to its territorial rooting is lost sight of. Our research is focused on discovering the geographical dimensions of this phenomenon within the Romanian rural spaces. The choice of the rural area is not accidental: between 2011 and 2020 more than 62.5% of homicides were recorded in this environment, which, according to the official statistics of the 2021 census, amounts to only 47.8% of the total population. Noticing the spatial differentiation of the phenomenon allows, on the one hand, to support the construction of public prevention policies, and on the other hand, it allows the initiation of a reflection on the efficiency of the geographical distribution of the means available to the institutions charged with the administration of various operational aspects related to homicides.
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The European Strategic Compass is a comprehensive approach developed by the European Union (EU) to guide the development and implementation of its defense and security policies. The Project was launched in 2020 as part of the EU efforts to enhance its military and civilian capabilities in order to face current and future security challenges. The Strategic Compass is designed to provide a strategic direction for the EU defense and security policies, taking into account the changing security environment, technological developments, and the need for collective action. It covers a wide range of issues, including military operations, crisis management, counterterrorism, cyber security, defense industry, and research and development. Europe is preparing to have a guided strategy that assesses risks and finds useful and timely solutions in such a way that the degree of security remains at high standards.
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Migration has been a feature of human existence for centuries. People have always migrated in groups or individually to seek freedom, to escape poverty, to find new economic opportunities, to flee religious intolerance or political repression and this process is impacting both countries of origin and countries of destination. The issue of migration is complex. Through a well-managed system, migration can contribute to growth, innovation and social dynamism. Both the safety of people seeking international protection or seeking a better life must be taken into account, as well as the concerns of destination countries who fear that migration pressures will exceed their capacities. Following the Refugee Crisis of 2015-2016 and the different way in which Member States were impacted, it was identified the need to build a system to manage and normalize migration in the long term and which is fully based on European values and the international law. In this sense, the steps for the action of the Pact on Migration and Asylum have been initiated, which specifies that no Member State should assume a disproportionate responsibility and that all Member States should constantly contribute to solidarity, aiming a solid and balanced management of migration flows that are looking for a better life on the territory of the European Union. This new common framework will set out the principles and structures needed for an integrated approach over the migration and asylum policy, in order to ensures a fair share of responsibility and effective management of mixed arrivals: both persons in need of international protection and persons that do not need such protection.
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Ni nakon više od dvije decenije u Srebrenici, ali manje-više i u svim povratničkim mjestima, ne samo da nije izrađen i primijenjen održivi model ekonomskog oporavka i razvoja već je ostao nerazjašnjen sam koncept postratni/genocidni ekonomskog oporavka. I pored zvanično promoviranog i izdašno donacijski podržanog procesa ekonomske obnove, na sceni su krajnje nepovoljna demografska, socijalna i ekonomska kretanja u ukupnom postratnom periodu. Naravno da se zbog toga otvaraju brojna pitanja ovakvog neuspjeha – od ponovnog preispitivanja samog pojma ekonomske obnove do niza „nenaučenih lekcija” iz dvadesetogodišnjeg procesa ekonomske obnove u ovoj općini.
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In recent years, regardless of the reported negative demographic changes in the structure of the population, there has been an increase in the size of the existing Roma ghettoized urban structures, which change, albeit unconsciously, the appearance of several cities and have a significant impact on their development. In the context of European territorial cohesion policies, the view is taken that European cities become places of tolerance and social progress, working towards social cohesion, balance, and integration. Based on a series of in-depth interviews conducted among representatives of the Roma community, educational mediators, non-governmental organizations, and representatives of local authorities in the cities of Lom, Kyustendil and Dobrich within the framework of a project on the topic: „Spatial models of Roma ghettoized urban structures in Bulgaria“. financed by the Scientific Research Fund at the Ministry of Education and Culture, an attempt will be made to answer the research question.
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The KPJ publicly advocated democracy, private property, a just solution to the social and national issues, and freedom and equality for all nations in Yugoslavia. Its leaders claimed that the goal of the partisan movement was liberation and popular democracy. However, contrary to the declared nationwide breadth of the People’s Liberation Movement, the KPJ held the army, the security apparatus, and the propaganda. The agreement between Josip Broz Tito and Ivan Šubašić that the citizens of Yugoslavia would be the ones to decide on the state system after the war was an important precondition for the international recognition of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (Demokratska Federalna Jugoslavija, DFJ) by the Allied powers. But the monopoly over the partisan movement enabled the Communists to create the preconditions for imposing their dictatorship. Thus, the KPJ used the struggle for the liberation of Yugoslavia – in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina also for the overthrow of the NDH – and for resolving the national question to seize power and carry out the Communist revolution. It also meant abolishing all other parties and introducing a dictatorship. Part of the HSS leadership and its president Vladko Maček fled the country just before the partisans arrived in Zagreb in 1945. The HSS operated abroad under Maček’s leadership until his death in 1964 in the United States, when he was replaced by the party’s vice president, Juraj Krnjević. August Košutić, the party’s secretary, remained in the country, where after trying to cooperate with the Communists and join the partisans he was interned and completely marginalized by the new government. In addition to the HSS, there were individuals, parties, and organizations from the Ustasha movement who were politically active in exile, including Ante Pavelić, who died in 1959 in Spain of wounds obtained in an assassination attempt.
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