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MILITARY-PATRIOTIC YOUTH EDUCATION IN TRANSNISTRIA: TROJAN HORSE, STATE BUILDING OR STATUS QUO?

Author(s): Corneliu Corman / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This article examines the understudied phenomena of military-patriotic youth education in Transnistria. In recent years, particularly following the annexation of Crimea in 2014, there has been an increase in the overall number of activities, as well as a proliferation of ways (‘modes of learning’) the ‘education’ is delivered. The number of youth being educated has also increased, and the ideological tools and concepts have evolved, with greater focus on Transnistria links to the Russki Mir (Russian World), and the identity of Transnistrians as a‘people’ (therefore capable of self-determination). From this we can conclude that funding has also increased and that this is a long-term project, with an expectation there will be a return on investment. As such, military-patriotic education activity provides a useful indirect proxy indicator of future scenarios for the region, in terms of unification, independence and the status-quo. The conclusions offer recommendations for Moldovan authorities that focus on how to mitigate against the negative aspects of military patriotic youth education in Transnistria.

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The Local Welfare System – Childcare for Pre-school Children

Author(s): Martina Kampichler / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this chapter, we take a look at the development of parental leave and childcare policies in Czechoslovakia under communist rule, present the changes after 1989 in these areas as well as the current situation, with a special focus on Brno. Additionally to the policy context, the chapter presents information on the coverage of childcare services in Brno and discusses their quality, affordability, accessibility and financing. For this purpose, we draw on available statistics and literature, on key policy documents as well as on our interviews with Brno city administration representatives, relevant to the topic. Hence, this chapter aims to provide an overview of the current situation of childcare policies and services in Brno, together with their evaluation from the point of view of their potential support for women’s participation on the labour market as well as to introduce the context for the decision making of women with pre-school children living in Brno, which will be analysed in Chapter 5.

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The Local Welfare System – Elder Care

Author(s): Martina Kampichler,Miroslava Janoušková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this chapter, we examine the development of elder care policies and services in Czechoslovakia under communist rule. We present the changes after 1989 as well as the current situation in these areas, with a special focus on Brno. This chapter also presents information on the coverage of elder care services in Brno and discusses their quality, affordability, accessibility and financing. For this purpose, we draw on available statistics and literature, on key policy documents as well as on our interviews with pertinent Brno city administration representatives. This chapter aims at providing an overview of current elder care policies and services in Brno, as well as an evaluating of how they potentially influence women’s labour market participation. Hence, we will introduce the context in which women livingin Brno who have an elderly dependent make decisions regarding their work and caring responsibilities. This will be analysed in Chapter 6.

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Genderová segregace na trhu práce v kontextu segregace ve vzdělání v mezinárodním srovnání

Author(s): Marie Valentová,Iva Šmídová,Tomáš Katrňák / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Předmětem následující analýzy je oblast společenské dělby práce mezi muži a ženami, jako jeden ze tří aspektů genderové struktury společnosti. Podle Harding (1986) tvoří sféra produkce spolu s linií individuálních genderových identit a se symbolickým genderovým univerzem hlavní osy genderové struktury společnosti. Způsobů, jak přistupovat k analýzám genderované dělby práce, je řada, naše analýza se omezuje na statistické reprezentace kategorií ženy a muži v dostupných datových souborech. Jsme si vědomi redukce kategorie genderu na duální pohlavní kategorii (West a Zimmermann 1991), přesto jsme přesvědčeni, že text přináší relevantní interpretace a nové podněty pro posouzení národní genderové segregace na trhu práce a ve vzdělanostním systému v evropském kontextu, aniž by nutně koncepčně sklouzl k ontickému pojetí genderu (Šmausová 2002).

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Dělání a oddělávání genderu. Inkonzistentní volby školy u patnáctiletých dívek a chlapců

Author(s): Kateřina Lišková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Lidé dělají ve svém životě genderované volby. Mezi ty nejdůležitější patří zcela jistě volba vzdělání a následně povolání. Ze statistických dat je zřejmé, že ženy volí „ženská“ povolání (kadeřnice, sekretářka, učitelka na základní škole), muži „mužská“ (automechanik, stavař, ekonom-manažer). Lidé se tedy většinou rozhodnou pro povolání typické, genderově příslušné. Struktura vzdělávacích oborů je genderovaná, a je to právě tato horizontální genderovanost, která zakládá oborovou segmentaci pracovního trhu, a je to právě segmentace tzv. feminizovaných povolání, která zapříčiňuje nižší výdělky a nižší status žen na trhu práce (Valentová, Šmídová a Katrňák ve třetí kapitole této knihy). Genderově konzistentní volby můžeme sledovat přinejmenším od ukončení povinné školní docházky, jak ukázal i náš výzkum. Převládající konzistence lze vysvětlit prostřednictvím sociální strukturovanosti, v níž se aspirace aktérů přizpůsobují možnostem: lidé chtějí (právě jen) to, co mohou získat; „naděje se přizpůsobují vyhlídkám, aspirace možnostem“ (Bourdieu 2000a: 57). Podle Bourdieuho se v důsledku strukturovaných voleb reprodukuje sociální řád neboli status quo; strukturované volby vedou navíc ke spokojenosti sociálních aktérů, protože skrze ně dosáhli (právě jen) na to, nač aspirovali.

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Řidička autobusu a zdravotní bratr: Prolamování genderových bariér ve sféře placené práce

Author(s): Kateřina Lišková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Z žité reality i ze sociologických výzkumů víme, že veřejná sféra práce je horizontálně i vertikálně genderovaná. Zahraniční studie se často zaměřují na genderovou segregovanost trhu práce (Watts 2005, Evertsson 2004, Reskin 2003, Hultin a Szulkin 2003, Blacburn 2002, Bruijn a Volman 2000, Collinson et al. 1990). Podobně v České republice se většina studií soustřeďuje na makrorovinu a statistické analýzy, které dokumentují genderovou segregaci pracovního trhu (Krause 2005, Marksová-Tominová et al. 2003, Čermáková 2002, Čermáková et al. 2000, Kuchařová a Zamykalová 2000), případně porovnávají situaci v České republice a Evropské unii (Hanson a Wells-Dang 2006, Krause et al. 2004). Tyto studie přinášejí důkazy o tom, že v horizontální struktuře ženy převažují v servisních povoláních a obecně v zaměstnáních s nižším příjmem a prestiží, kdežto muži se koncentrují do profesí s vyšším finančním ohodnocením, a že ve vertikální struktuře muži zaujímají vedoucí pozice, dokonce i tam, kde mezi zaměstnanými drtivě převažují ženy.

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Vývoj ekonomických indikátorů ČR a SR v letech 2005–2010

Author(s): Petr Valouch / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is to analyze the development of basic macroeconomic indicators in the Czech and Slovak Republic in the period 2005 - 2010. The purpose of this analysis is to provide essential input for the next part of the solution of the research project “Impact of selected public policies on regional development in Slovakia and the Czech Republic” solved by mutual cooperation between the University of Economics and Management of the Public Administration in Bratislava and the Faculty of Economics and Administration of the Masaryk University in Brno.

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Recommendations

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Before starting to develop a project idea, it is important to understand the local context as well as the needs and wishes of the local community. Societies and local communities are changing at a rapid pace, while the popular trends in the youth culture change even more quickly. Likewise, the relevance of specific issues and challenges in a certain local community are changing fast as well.

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AGING SOCIETY CHALLENGES: LABOR MARKET, SOLIDARITY AND FINANCIAL PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Alka Obadić,Anita Pavković,Katarina Marošević / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Numerous studies confirm the connection between a national economy level of development and the achieved standard of living. Furthermore, life standard affects the demographic structure - natural increase, migration balance, and life expectancy. Although European trends are in line with the trends of other developed economies, the paper considers demographic projections based on selected EU-27 countries, with an emphasis on insight into the demographic projections of Central and Eastern European Countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia). Changes in the population structure are significant, regardless of the development level - where developed countries do have higher rates of aging changes. The said causes are defined by improved living conditions, planning in the number of family members seen by reducing natural increase and migration balance changes. Therefore, this chapter highlights specific statistics on population projections in the Central and Eastern European countries, compared with the achievements of EU-27 countries. Besides, attention is placed on examples of active participation of the elderly as an indicator of the solidarity degree and the impact of active aging on the labor market and a phased transition to retirement.

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AGING AND RETIREMENT DIFFERENCES IN THE EU COUNTRIES

Author(s): Ivana Unukić,Sofija Turjak,Nataša Drvenkar / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Demographically, Europe is getting older. According to EPRS data published in 2019 and a comparison of the population structure in 2001 and 2017, an increase in the population over 45 is visible, which indicates an almost increase in pension beneficiaries. This paper aims to analyze aging and retirement differences between European countries from the SHARE data (Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe) project. The analysis will use secondary data from the SHARE project collected from interviews in 26 European countries, conducted in 7 waves from 2004 to 2017. The focus of this research will be on Wave 7. Data will be analyzed via IBM SPSS 23.0, using univariate and bivariate statistical analysis methods. Based on the analysis, it will be possible to compare the perception of the elderly population of the European countries, based on which it can be concluded which country is coping well with the aging of its population. The authors suggest further similar research of the same type in the Republic of Croatia.

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Дистанция на властта между ръководители и подчинени – къде се намира хотелиерството?

Author(s): Rumen Minkovski / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Power Distance (PD) effects in Bulgarian organisations have been subject to scientific research for almost a quarter of a century now. However, that type of interaction between managers and employees is a relatively new area of study in the field of human resource management in hotels in Bulgaria. The paper presents the results from 12 empirical studies of PD using Hofstede’s model, two of which are in the hospitality industry. A comparative analysis has been carried out on the Power Distance Index (PDI) and its variables: fear among the employees, their understanding of an actual management style, preferred management style, etc. The results obtained in the hospitality industry show the highest PDI in comparison to other sectors. The paper also discusses some of the consequences high PDI can have for the human resource management practice in hotels. Some proposals are made as how to reduce the PDI.

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Desidindikalizacija na post–socialistični periferiji Evrope: vzroki in (politine) posledice v treh post–jugoslovanskih republikah in na Madžarskem

Author(s): Miroslav Stanojević / Language(s): Slovenian Publication Year: 0

In former ‘hard’ versions of ‘real socialistic’ societies where trade unions were weak already at the beginning of the transition process, at the end of Europeanisation - i.e. inclusion into the European market, the weak unions were marginalised and/or partially vanished. This process corresponds to the civil society interest atomization. Within the resulting environment nationalistic authoritarian ‘re-integration’ of these societies has solid conditions for growth. Comparison of the three post–Yugoslav societies and Hungary suggests that in spite of the devastating crisis and wars (within which the transitions to the ‘market economy’ were concluded) in post–Yugoslav societies trade unions still exist. The different types of ‘real-socialist’ societies explain this difference. In Yugoslav socialism workers had a voice in their factories. It was a basis of the workers movement from the late 1980s and the emerging trade unions in post–Yugoslav societies. The comparable workers voice simple did not exist in other ‘real-socialistic societies’.

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Sindikalno organizovanje u kontekstu akademskog kapitalizma

Author(s): Nađa Bobičić,Lara Končar,Milica Sekulović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The paper discusses the problems of union organization that researchers face at the beginning of their academic careers in the context of the neoliberal transformation of universities in Serbia, which began in 2005, through the introduction of the Bologna reform. At the beginning of the paper, a conceptual framework was given around the terms »academic precariat«, »gig academy«, »academic capitalism«, which served to enable the specific working position of academic workers in the context of neoliberal transformation of the university. Through the analysis of legal and strategic documents, as well as a review of relevant research that takes the position of young researchers at the academy as a central topic, some of the key problems faced by young researchers are presented: non-standard employment contracts, legal problems, low investments in scientific research, labor migration and difficult models of association in order to protect labor rights through the actions of representative bodies. The paper gives examples of trade unions and organizations that work in the institutional and noninstitutional field on naming the problem of precariousness of young research and models of sustainable solutions. Finally, the paper points out the problems of the position of academic unions in the modern context as well as the need for their autonomous action in relation to power structures.

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Sindikat i društvena moć

Author(s): Marija Martinić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The article examines the causes of the decline in social power of trade union organizations in Serbia. Some of them are indirectly related to global socio-economic opportunities and changes in the labor market, but in this article the causes arising from the specifics of the Serbian transicional society are analyzed in more detail. The article searches for answers to the following questions: In which direction the trade union should be reformed? How to define a union strategy for the 21st century and increase the social power of trade union?

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HEALTH MANAGEMENT WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE – STUDY OF INSTITUTION AT THE TERTIARY LEVEL

Author(s): Senka Mesihović-Dinarević / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The aim of this study was to evaluate the health system in Europe, including a vision of health care in the 21st century, human resource management in health care, doctrinal approaches, the basic tasks of public health, and the main health problems in Europe. The review of the state of health care in our country has been provided. The special emphasis was on the issue of human resource management ie. principles, techniques and problems of management of human resources in health. The activities and processes of importance to business management in the health sector were emphasized as well. The paper points to the openness towards European integration in the areas of health and education, the need for financial, organizational and strategic reconstruction of the health system and education, a stronger connection between educational sector and the health sector and the labor market, with the condition that patient is always in the focus of the health care policy. The second part presents a model for the organization and management of the health system of most vulnerable population: paediatric, age from birth to 18 years, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, during period from 2003 to 2016, which has resulted in health brand, competitive in the Balkan countries as well as on the European market labor, a brand that respects the principles of good medical practice and evidence-based medicine. When institutions invest wisely in human resources: eduction, training its staff, the result is a satisfied and motivated staff, which provides high-quality health services in the country and the region. This institution fully fulfills its mission, contribute to society, providing an excellent healthcare services to population, institution which is recognized and acknowledged in this region by the medical experts.

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POLJOPRIVREDNO STANOVNIŠTVO U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI

Author(s): Braco Kovačević / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

Popisi stanovništva značajni su jer prezentuju neke relevantne podatke o određenim društvenim pojavama i aspektima društvenog života. Popis iz 2013. godine, a koji se odnosi na domaćinstva koja obavljaju poljoprivrednu aktivnost i domaćinstva koja obavljaju poljoprivrednu aktivnost i prodaju proizvode za tržište, nije imao svoju komparativnu uporišnu tačku u popisu iz 1991. godine. Zato su izostali bitni uporedni podaci koji bi egzaktnije pokazali promjenu na području poljoprivrednih aktivnosti, kao i promjene u položaju poljoprivrednog stanovništva. Ipak, ukazano je na stanje i probleme ruralnog razvoja i razvoja poljoprivrede, kao i na mogućnost poboljšanja njihovog položaja.

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$Infracţiunea de separatism în legislaţia penală a Republicii Moldova – premisele incriminării şi caracterizarea elementelor constitutive$

Infracţiunea de separatism în legislaţia penală a Republicii Moldova – premisele incriminării şi caracterizarea elementelor constitutive

Author(s): Radion Cojocaru / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Separatism represents one of the most complex problems faced by the young countries that appeared on the world map after the collapse of the USSR, creating serious impediments to their development as independent and sovereign states. The establishment of criminal liability for the crime of separatism in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Moldova has generated multiple discussions and contradictory reactions on a national and international level. In this work, the author approaches separatism from the perspective of the science of criminal law by highlighting the socio-political premises that substantiated the necessity of the legislator’s intervention in the sense of criminalizing the phenomenon in the criminal law. At the same time, the constitutive elements of the crime of separatism are characterized through the interpretation of the incriminating headquarters located in art. 3401 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova, indispensable condition for a good understanding and application of the rule in strict accordance with the legality of the crime.

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BOOSTING REGIONAL LABOUR MARKET VIA FOREIGN INVESTMENT: EVIDENCE FROM THE LIBEREC REGION

Author(s): Sylvie Kotikova,RENATA ČUHLOVÁ / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper evaluates the impact of primary jobs created in foreign direct investments localized in the Liberec region of the Czech Republic. The research sample includes 25 foreign direct investments that received investment incentive in the analyzed period 2002- 2014.With a choice of such a sample conclusions about the benefits from investment incentives can be drew. Based on comparative analysis of information from the annual reports of companies and Czech Statistical Office data and Czech Invest, the direct effect of jobs´ creation in foreign direct investment on unemployment in the region is quantified. The contribution of these investments to solution of the unemployment problem is illustrated in a hypothetical rate of unemployment. It displays the situation of the regional labour market in case of an absence of these investments. The comparative analysis of foreign direct investment´s data from the time period 2002-2014 shows reduction of the regional unemployment rate by about 3% annually on average. This quantified impact is caused by creation of 4.500 job positions on average.

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KONVERGENČNÉ TENDENCIE V PODMIENKACH REGIÓNOV SR

Author(s): Michal Levický,Marta URBANÍKOVÁ,Jarmila Hudáková,Milan Maroš,MICHAELA ŠTUBŇOVÁ / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Regional differences, their intensity, development and their resources are being studied in almost every country in the world. The aim of the article is to evaluate the convergence tendencies in the regions of Slovakia at the level of the NUTS III category in the period 2005 to 2016. Especially dispersion characteristics are used in the analysis, by means of which we can quantify the differences in the values of selected indicators in individual regions of Slovakia. As indicators for the diagnosis of convergence tendencies we chose the indicators of regional gross domestic product per capita, average monthly nominal wage and registered unemployment rate. Based on the results achieved, it can be stated that the differences in the development of the basal indicator regional GDP per capita persist, mainly due to disparities in the performance of the regions caused mainly by the intense absolute growth of the indicator in the Bratislava region. In the case of indicators, the average monthly nominal wage and the rate of registered unemployment can be seen in a decreasing trend in the differences between the regions of Slovakia, while the amplitudes in the development of these indicators are to some extent influenced by the phase of the economic cycle. At the time of economic growth, the differences in these indicators in the regions of Slovakia diminished and, conversely, in the period of decline they deepened. However, despite governments' efforts to reduce them, they remain a major problem in the national economy.

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Türkiye’de Eğitim Durumlarına Göre Kadın ve Erkek İstihdamı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Author(s): Turgay Toksoy / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Employment and unemployment, which are in the interest of economics, are among the important macroeconomic indicators. Increasing employment or reducing unemployment is of great importance at the point of increasing economic and social welfare. In terms of countries, employment and unemployment are at the center of social policies. Global crises in recent years have caused policy makers to review their current policies in terms of human resources management. Especially in Turkey, despite the high growth figures achieved in recent years, there is a decrease in employment levels in the opposite direction. In this study conducted for Turkey, an evaluation was made for men and women by classifying the current workforce according to their educational status. Labor force statistics for the years 2014-2022 published by the Turkish Statistical Institute were used. Starting from illiterate individuals as education level, a classification was made towards higher education graduates. As a result of the evaluation, it was seen that the employment level increased as the number of educated individuals increased in Turkey. Higher education graduates take the highest share in employment, followed by high school graduates from vocational schools. At this point, the employment creation of vocational education schools is considered as a situation that should be taken into consideration and emphasized.

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