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Any military operation must be planned taking into consideration ”quantity” and ”quality” of forces. These forces must be ”set up” and organised and used in operations according to their ”combat power” at the specified place and time. Only if there is a correct analysis and “determination” of combat power these forces can have a chance to win.
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Threat-based maritime security strategies, depending on nation and culture, geopolitics and political-military developments at a given moment, can be interpreted differently, and it is important to know the entire theoretical spectrum and the historical-causal evolution of concepts that are interdependent. The presence of an explicit link between maritime security, threats and geopolitics is measured by the unequivocal emergence of the concept of geopolitics and the certainty that threats affect maritime security. The direct influence of threats and geopolitical factors on maritime security objectives is measured by the emergence of risks to maritime geopolitical interests and geographical positions when it comes to maritime safety objectives.
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With the technologizing and modernization of the armed forces, the emergence of fuel-consuming self-propelled means of transport and weapons systems of all ammunition-consuming gauges, the logistical challenges were not delayed, the logistics footprint grew, the support of military operations involving resources more diversified, more voluminous and requiring an increasingly systematic and integrated approach to the concept of the operation as a whole.The logistics footprint in the military operation consists of the whole of the organizational entities, the resources managed by them and the activities carried out in order to achieve the logistic support of the fighting and the fighting support units so as to ensure the living conditions and the freedom of action necessary to achieve the objectives.
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During an operation, the logistic support necessary for the armed forces is realized according to the following functional areas of logistics: supply, movement and transportation, maintenance, medical support, infrastructure, campaign services, contracting, Host Nation Support and related fields.The field of campaign services is currently the most complex area of logistical support as it covers a wide range of services, it requires cooperation between military bodies and various institutions, entities involved in their ensuring, and it prompts logistics planning and leadership promptness in solving immediate problems that may arise.
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The inclusion of our country among NATO member countries has led to the restructuring and reshaping of the Romanian Army, starting with the abolition of the compulsory military service and the establishment of a professional army, leading to the modification of the functional requirements that the barracks infrastructure must respond to for the smooth functioning of the deployed structures. In this respect, a new conceptual approach is needed to bring about the systemic reconfiguration of all elements of infrastructure in order to provide the necessary facilities military structures. Infrastructure Project Management could describe the procedures and mechanisms for military commanders to draw up plans by military commanders to avoid addressing ad hoc or fragmentation of military infrastructure work to barracks in administration or that they use.
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The migration crisis of 2015 was accompanied by a wave of disinformation and fake news related to migrants, meant to influence the public perception of the phenomenon, and which serves Russia’s geopolitical interest: a divided European Union and split European societies with leaders whose legitimacy is called into question.
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In general, the doctrine for joint multinational operations establishes the set of notions and principles of the use of the Romanian armed forces in the joint multinational operations. It presents the multinational operations to which Romania can participate in an alliance, coalitions or other agreed commitments and highlights the joint organizational formations needed to coordinate land, air, maritime and special joint security operations (defense) in a multinational environment.In this context, the present paper aims to analyze the characteristics and physiognomy of the joint multinational operations in which forces belonging to the Romanian Army can participate in the context of alliance or coalitions of will, given the specificity of the current operational environment.
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The dynamic evolution of the phenomenon of warfare from its classical-conventional physiognomy to a predominantly unconventional one, manifested in extreme environments (cyberspace, electromagnetic environment, informational environment, CBRN environment, human psyche) today and in the predictable future, is the consequence of the continuous adaptation to the complexity of today’s challenges to humanity. These challenges are expressed and established in the literature by the terms: hazards, risks, threats, vulnerabilities.
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The success of acquiring information, whether theoretical or practical, depends to a large extent on their organization and structuring over well-defined periods of time, on their quantity, on the material basis available, but also on the quality and training of the military physical education specialist and on the way in which information is transmitted. Therefore, this material is divided into two parts. The first part deals, in a synthetic way, with the main documents of planning, organization and management of the military physical education activity, in some cases appearing examples, in order to facilitate their understanding and performance. The second part of this article is directed to teaching styles in physical education, to the way of transmitting the information provided in the documents specific to military physical education, orientation that has in sight the teacher/specialist/trainer in this military specialty.
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The connection between theory and the application of theoretical knowledge in the practice of military physical education, is realized in some situations with quite an ambiguity and difficulty. The result of this syncope will be found immediately in the training level of the trained persons. A cause of this syncope can be represented by the passage in the second plane of certain fundamental theoretical specialized knowledge, absolutely necessary for the educational act. Therefore, in the first part of this material, I will approach the training principles specific to the sub-domain of military physical education, in order to achieve an interpretation of them, necessary both for their understanding and for their importance in the act of training in the specialized military system.The second part of this material is dedicated to the classical methods of training in physical education. As a whole, this material aims at a reiteration of the two fundamentals of military physical education, providing a synthesis of them and, possibly, a supplement of the specialized military literature.
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International peace and security is one of the goals of the United Nations for which the entities that take part in international relations have to ensure permanent cooperative resources for the peaceful settlement of any dispute.The purpose of this article is to identify and present the most important official documents, resolutions and statements of the United Nations and other regional organizations that operate with the principle of peaceful settlement of disputes, and to highlight its conection with the other principles of international law as the principle of refraining from the threat or use of force in international relations, the principle of non-intervention in internal or external affairs of States, the principle of sovereign equality of States, and the principle of good faith in international relations, which all together sustain the goal of not endangering of international peace, security and justice.
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The complexity of the contemporary operational environment specific to military actions is one of the major challenges of the decision-making factor. This fact is mainly determined by the mutations that occur in the field of military technologies with direct implications on the multidimensionality of the modern battlefield. In this context, the aerial area of responsibility corresponding to an area of operations represents the acting dimension of the missile and antiaircraft artillery structures of the land forces.In this article we shall mainly refer to the issues related to the two dimensions of the air defense response: the operational environment and the air operational framework, in the context of GIS (Geographical Information Systems). The physical peculiarities of the land and aerial area of responsibility are directly conditioned by the technical and tactical capabilities of the aircraft, which implies a series of conceptual transformations based on the technical upgrading of the modern battle space.
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Disinformation and propaganda activities are a basic element in the successful conduct of the hybrid war in the acceptance of the Russian Federation. Considering the technological and, especially economic, gap between Russia and the other world powers (USA or China) Russian military strategists have concluded that the full exploitation of the advantages offered by the skillful use of the information power tool, may lead to the elimination of the disadvantages of the insufficient economic development of the country or of the deficient endowment of the Armed Forces with military technology of last generation in serial production. In the following pages we analyzed the most important aspects of the information war carried out by the Russian Federation, using the well-known media (”Russia Today”), during the conflict in Ukraine, focusing on the themes and contents specific to each of them.
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An analysis of military conflicts of the last decades indicates the widespread and comprehensive use of hybrid methods of threats, concealed, indirect (veiled) use of regular troops. Under such conditions, the use of armed forces with other components of the defence forces is indisputable. The new approach to state defence is based on the main categories that affect the development of the use of state defence forces, namely, time, space, reason. Under such conditions, there is a need to make changes in the system of combat training, which will ensure the appropriate level of training of forces (troops) of the Armed Forces and other military formations, acquisition of capabilities to jointly perform tasks as part of joint defence forces. Acquisition of capabilities to jointly perform the tasks by ships the Naval Forces and the Maritime Security Service of the State Border Service has certain features in terms of combat training and deserves attention from military science and requires a separate study.
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The frequency of operational changes, which are often unpredictable, and the difficulty of addressing the challenges posed by them represent sufficient motivational factors to trigger the Land Forces’ adaptation to the requirements of the operational environments. For these reasons, the article aims to highlight the foundation of a new operational approach able to ensure for Land Forces’ military structures the augmentation of their combat power and also the possibility to transcend the traditional approach of the military operation to a multidomain one, much more suitable to the context of contemporary and future operational environments. Also, highlighting the attributes necessary for commanders, staff and subordinate structures, as well as analyzing the operational implications for Land Forces’ military structures are the primary objectives which are circumscribed to the purpose of this research.
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The naval power projection has the role of protecting the maritime interests of a country, of transmitting strong messages to both allies and enemies, of shaping the security environment so as to avoid the escalation of conflicts in a particular maritime space. In this article, we have analyzed how the projection of the elements of naval power, especially warships, is affected within the established missions and international commitments assumed because of the current background of the COVID-19 pandemic. We have established as a research hypothesis that the naval forces remain the main tool to ensure the continuity of the projection of naval power in different maritime areas against the background of the spread of the COVID-19epidemic. To validate the research hypothesis, we have established two research directions that focus on analyzing the importance of applying the concept of naval power projection and how the COVID-19 pandemic influences the actions of the naval forces. The lessons learned from the challenges faced by the naval forces during this pandemic will in the future have a major impact on the organization, training, allocation of forces and development capabilities so that personnel exposure is kept to a minimum.
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Special capabilities as airmobile, air assault and airborne forces could make the difference on today’s complex battlefield. Their ability to swiftly deploy and strike enemy vulnerabilities transforms them in a versatile weapon. Mountain operations request special attention, both in planning and execution phases in order to prevail. By integrating airmobile capabilities to mountain unites, a strong opportunity to seize initiative is gained.
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The military engineer structures, both in NATO and in the Romanian Army, have played a historical and critical role in shaping the operational environment. Changes in the international security environment also have consequences for engineering structures. The military engineers will face an increasingly complex operational environment, in which hybrid threats are increasingly present. Counteracting them and solving the serious problems faced by the societies impacted by politico-military conflicts require narrowing the gap or even erasing the border between military and civilian actors. Military engineer structures will be essential in shaping the hybrid operational environment and in developing the civilian-military relationship.
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The need to adapt national security and defence policies to the current characteristics of the security environment is subjecting the military institution to an extensive process of transformation. From this perspective, the nature of the conflicts that characterize the XXI century requires a new approach and the development of those types of structures that can be quickly adapted to new challenges in the security environment. The main objective of the military transformation process is to create capabilities to provide state policy makers with alternatives to action in accordance with new types of risks and threats to national and / or international security. At the same time, the military transformation aims to create / gain a significant competitive advantage over potential adversaries by transforming the role of defence within national security, transforming both the defence management and the armed forces.
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ISR structures from Land Forces contribute through specific actions with information in support of decision makers in all phases of operations of the Joint Forces Group. The ISR capabilities specific to the Land Forces are permanently interconnected within the information architecture at a combined level.
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