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Realizacja porewolucyjnych przemian politycznych na Ukrainie w kontekście perspektywy konsolidacji demokracji

Author(s): Vitaliy Lesnyak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (8)/2016

The article is an attempt of analysis of democratic consolidation perspectives in Ukraine under conditions of political changes realization after the Orange Revolution and after the Revolution of Dignity. Special attention is paid to the problems that limit democratization and modernization of Ukrainian political system. The state of democracy development in post-revolutionary conditions is compared. Prospects of consolidated democracy development in Ukraine are determined.

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Россия и Центральная Европа:метаморфозы отношений на фоне трансформации и глобального кризиса

Author(s): Shishelina Lubov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2017

Relations between Russia and Central European countries at the background of domestic transformations and global crisis have passed several stages of devel-opment: their almost complete breakdown in the mid 1990-ies, had improved during the 2000 -ies, but after the crisis in Ukraine has returned back towards the lowest point of the last 25 years. If in 1990-ies the state of relations had been largely determined by the countries themselves, now, in the absence of subjective reasons for their decline, they are forced to obey the new commitments dictated from Brussels. Against this background, the bilateral relations continue to influ-ence the circumstances that can be associated rather with the formation of the foundations of the new policy and its ideological basis. The current situation, and mainly the crisis in Ukraine, as the country situated between us, had put a real call to our relationship. The ability to give an adequate answer to it would prove the maturity of our relations

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Nowy Jedwabny Szlak a wzrost pozycji krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej wobec Rosji i Chin

Author(s): Robert Jakimowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

This article discusses the realization of the conception of the New Silk Road in the countries of East-Central Europe. Author in the introduction of the article described the idea of The New Silk Road and its six corridors. Then, it was depicted format “16+1” and its meaning for the realization of the Chinese conception in first part of the article. Moreover, it became underlined the meaning economic buildings „the Belt and Road” for the countries of Central-East-Europe. Author in second part represented Poland in the format „16+1” and her relation to the New Silk Road

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Edukacja w państwach BRICS

Author(s): Kamil Waligóra / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

Financing and creation of education system are considered a public sector’s duty. In the long term, efficiency in the realization of these tasks influences the condition of the country’s labor market. Finally, it is one of the factors determining the competitive position of the country. The author touched upon the problem of the economic growth in the BRIC countries at the end of the 20th and at the beginning of the 21st century. Identification of the reasons for growth was an element of a study conducted on a group of 32 experts in the summer 2015. The article focuses on the influence of education on the countries’ development. The final aim is to analyse the countries’ involvement in education, changes in the last decades and their impact on development – mostly on the basis of external evaluation, e.g. reports on the competitive positions of the economies. As a result of the analysis, the author deduced that the increase in financing education is convergent with the higher level of development. Moreover, it was confirmed that the level of education in a society is an important factor determining the competitive potential of an economy.

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YUGOSLAV TRADE WITH DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Author(s): Bogdan Popović / Language(s): English Issue: 4/1970

Yugoslavia is expanding her economic ties with the developing countries, in line with her active political relations with them. In this way she is extending the regional basis of her external trade to suit the present level of growth of her productive forces, while at the same time contributing to the faster economic and general development and emancipation of these countries. In the course of the last ten years Yugoslavia has made increasing efforts to promote and expand economic relations with the developing countries and, in both her general policy towards them and special adjustments to suit individual regions, she has striven to create a basis for long-term economic relations and to establish close links between her economy and theirs.

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WSPÓLNY LOS

Author(s): Krzysztof Moraczewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

The paper offers a short description of the historical lineage of contemporary Polish-Ukrainian relationship. The common geopolitical situation is being deliberated and an interpretation of the common historical experiences is being proposed. A special focus is given to problems connected with the place of Poland and Ukraine within the changing European order, as well as to the issues related to the social history of Middle and Eastern Europe. The paper includes a commentary on the ways in which this common heritage might be dealt with today.

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HISTORIA, PAMIĘĆ, DIALOG

Author(s): Przemysław Rotengruber / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

The purpose of the essay is to discuss the possibility of an agreement between the Polish and the Ukrainian Nations. There are two autonomous problems that should be taken into consideration. On the one hand, there is the history of both nations. The most representative symbols of mutual tensions between them are the Volhynian Massacres (1943-1945) and Operation Vistula (1947-1950). The 70th anniversary of the latter event is a good opportunity to compare its Polish and Ukrainian interpretations. Such a comparison leads to the conclusion that the main obstacle preventing mutual understanding is the cultural memories of, respectively, Polish and Ukrainian people. The historical facts do not speak for themselves. Rather, they get their importance from the community of interpretation. Such an interpretation is founded on the normative convictions of the community members (called the “social frameworks of memory” by Maurice Halbwachs). On the other hand, the problem of the Polish-Ukrainian relations will remain unsolved if the political partners do not accept the rules of dialogue. However, these rules—at least declaratively—are observed by everyone. Thus it means that the solution must embrace something else, that is to say, the identity of the partners of the dialogue, which, unfortunately, is built on their respective cultural memories, monologic in their structure. Therefore, the fi nal question is: What is most important to them? As long as they are under the infl uence of sentiments, (self-)stereotypes and myths, there is no chance of reconciliation.

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Kontakty Polaków z Indianami Stanów Zjednoczonych w okresie od amerykańskiej wojny o niepodległość do wojny secesyjnej

Author(s): Jarosław Delida / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2009

As one of the characteristic consequences of the decline of the Polish country in the second half of the 18th century, the emigration of Polish citizens to all countries of the world intensified. Particularly attractive was Northern America, where the newly founded and dynamically growing United States of America would willingly accept the arriving refugees, offering them, among other things, endless grounds for farming. The unordered relations with the indigenous population of these areas gave rise to all kinds of complicated situations, mainly conflicts, which immigrants from Poland lively par- ticipated in. In actively becoming involved into the shaping of the American nation and the territorial expansion of the USA, the Polish experienced all kinds of consequences following from the direct and indirect relations with the Indians.

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TRADE BETWEEN YUGOSLAVIA AND THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 1969 — 1973

Author(s): Bogdan Popović / Language(s): English Issue: 2/1974

In the period 1969—1973, Yugoslavia continued to develop trade with the developing countries by increasing its volume and improving its range and regional distribution. Yugoslavia has in recent years taken numerous measures to promote her economic cooperation with the developing countries. Proceeding from the programs of action of the non-aligned countries in Lusaka, Georgetown and Algiers, in the adoption of which she herself took part, Yugoslavia has drawn up her own program of measures. On the basis of the Lusaka Action Program the Federal Executive Council enacted on March 4, 1971, a Program, of Measures for the Promotion of Economic Cooperation with the Developing Countries, which was passed by the Federal Assembly Chamber of Nationalities on June 30, 1971. On that occasion it was decided that longer-term instruments should be incorporated into the economic system of the country in order to stimulate more efficiently economic cooperation with the developing countries.

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PIS NA SCENIE POLITYCZNEJ WOJEWÓDZTWA ZACHODNIOPOMORSKIEGO W LATACH 2005–2007. Część I

Author(s): Andrzej Hoehle / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2011

The article contain development of West Pomeranian Law and Justice Party (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, PiS) structures between 2005 and 2007. The choice of that period as the subject of researches have been imposed by especially fluctuation of political scene. Description of the series form the regional not central point of view have been dictated by possibilities of deeper analysis political formation development on the local level. This have made through rehearsal periphrasis of PiS general elections activity on the West Pomerania and following phases of the Party’s structures extension. Conclusions affirm that PiS built strong sections in all over-local districts of West Pomerania region after 2005, enlarged a lot number of its members, reached direct influence on self-government activity and installed its representatives in Parliament. All nominated elements have showed real inveteracy of PiS in local communities, what have directly moved on the Party’s potential in country’s scale.

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Polityczne, gospodarcze i kulturowe stosunki Unii Europejskiej i Republiki Korei

Author(s): Lech Buczek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

The issues of the multi-perspective relations between the European Union (EU) and the Republic of Korea (RoK) may be considered on several basic levels: political, economic and scientific-cultural cooperation. The article concerns various forms of cooperation between the EU and the RoK. After the Free Trade Agreement was signed in 2010, their economic relations have increased in importance. However, other areas of their mutual cooperation may also become important in the near future due to the growing military power of China, the possible changes in political alliances and security issues in the Korean Peninsula. Although the mutual relations between the EU and the RoK have a long history, they were of minor importance before 2010. Both parties did not perceive each other as potential partners due to the geographical and cultural distance. The EU was not interested in the Asia-Pacific region until it released its very first strategy paper on Asia in 1994 entitled Towards a New Asia Strategy. Despite cultural differences and often different interests and threats, the EU-RoK relations are developing very quickly and go beyond the mere trade exchange.

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Миле Савић као тумач скорије јужнословенске прошлости

Author(s): Mirjana Radojičić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 162/2017

The subject of this paper is the interpretation of the recent South Slavic past given in the works of Mile Savić, a Serbian philosopher and social theorist, who recently passed away. The wars for territorial heritage of the former Yugoslavia, the aggression of the NATO alliance on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the project of Euro-Atlantic integration of Serbia – are just some of the most significant thematic points of that interpretation. By providing an exhaustive analysis of Savić’s attitudes to these and kindred phenomena of the recent political and social history of the region, the author concludes that, in a large mosaic of knowledge of a ”time rich in misfortunes” (Tacitus), the piece attributed to it by this Serbian philosopher, who left the intellectual and life stage too early, will be, by all means, among the most significant and precious ones.

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Powstanie Naddniestrzańskiej Republiki Mołdawskiej i jego implikacje

Author(s): Viktoriya Serzhanova / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (81)/2017

Since the secession of Transnistria in 1990 and creation of the independent Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic the legal status of the region has still remained unclear and ambiguous. On one hand it has been a de facto state for more than 25 years, while on the other hand its separation has not been commonly recognized by the international community yet. As a consequence, Transnistria is still formally treated as an autonomous region of a special status within the borders of the Republic of Moldavia. The hereby paper is a certain starting phase of the research over the legal status of Transnistria and aims at deriving the genesis and evolution of its statehood. The subject of the work is the historical, as well as formal and legal analysis of the process of creating an independent state, its development, along with the implications and future perspectives, which might allow to make reliable conclusions concerning the region’s legal status in the further research stages.

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Pretpostavke za dostojanstvenu evropsku budućnost Bosne i Hercegovine

Author(s): Muharem Avdispahić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2015

The discourse on Western Balkans European integrations mainly includes, in addition to Albania, EU integration of for former Yugoslav republics and an autonomous region. The peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina and two current EU members - Slovenia and Croatia have been connected through living together. Under same political and economic systems since 1878. The siege of Sarajevo and the Annex 4 of the Dayton Peace Accords taught BH citizens that their future depends not only on themselves but also on ways how Europe perceives its identity. A prerequisite for a dignified European future of Bosnia and Herzegovina is European readiness to expand its conceptual basis, so the complete Bosnian tradition would be included. The second prerequisite is to have BH citizens win their place under the sun where inalienable democratic principles are applied in full volume.

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Supporting new media in Ukraine through Polish Development Cooperation Program

Author(s): Aleksandra Galus,Paulina Pospieszna / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

After the relatively successful system transformation, some young democratic countries from Central and Eastern Europe which used to receive democratic aid in the 1980s and 90s have engaged as new donors in assisting pro-democratic changes in other post-communist countries. The donor-recipient relations between two post-communist countries can be observed on the example of the development of cooperation between Poland and Ukraine. This paper deals with Polish assistance to new media in Ukraine in from 2007-2017 as a part of supporting democracy in Ukraine under the Polish Cooperation Development Program. Firstly, this work examines whether the Polish government’s support of Ukrainian media as part of cooperation development will be sustained regardless of changes in the Polish government. Secondly, the paper explores whether Polish NGOs tailor their projects, financed by the Polish MFA, to the recipients’ respective needs and the current situation in Ukraine. By examining Polish media assistance, the authors aim to explain the efforts of the new donor in developing media in a partner country, emphasizing the relation between the involvement of external actors and the presence of independent media which play an important role in democratization processes.

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Građani u vrtlogu promena: pojedinačno i kolektivno iskustvo u Srbiji u razdoblju preobražaja

Author(s): Ivana Spasić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 19-20/2002

In analyzing any society, particularly those which, like Serbia, have undergone deep ruptures and turmoil in a short period of time, the perspective of everyday life and ordinary people’s experiences is indispensable. In addition, the application of current sociological and anthropological theories of everyday life on today’s Serbia, seeking to capture personalized interpretations whereby ordinary citizens make sense of all that has happened to them during the past fifteen years, can yield broader theoretical implications. For, from this perspective it is easier to identify the limited and partial nature of various theories articulated in other, stable societies. In this overview some of these theories are marked, along with starting premises of the research, and key events and symbolically charged concepts of the most recent Serbian history that will be the focus of the analysis of ordinary people’s narratives collected through targeted fieldwork.

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CAPITAL INVESTMENTS AND THE SOVEREIGN PREROGATIVE: A DEFENSE OF INVESTOR-STATE ARBITRATION AGREEMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE

Author(s): Jason Crook / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2009

Since the establishment of a more globalized capital market in the late Nineteenth and early Twentieth Centuries, opportunities for private investment in developing nations have spurred a number of successful partnerships between foreign investors and host states seeking capital improvements. A challenge emerges at international law, however, in adjudicating the interests of foreign investors who have witnessed the expropriation of their investments by host states which either lack longstanding protections for private property rights or, alternatively, the political will to enforce existing investment guarantees. In light of the absence of an effective international legal regime designed to ensure that the claims of foreign investors have the chance to be fairly considered in an impartial setting, this article advocates for the expansion of the investor-state arbitration process as the most suitable means for settling disputes between private investors and the host governments which have allegedly expropriated their investments.

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Lokalna i ponadlokalne polityki rozwoju lokalnego – istota, rodzaje i spójność

Author(s): Andrzej Sztando / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

The local development issues were repeatedly discussed in the subject literature. Numerous works devoted to it focus on its objectives, factors and its measurement. Despite this, until now, a little attention has been paid to the category of local development policy pursued by local authorities. The categories of local development policies pursued by the supra-local authorities have not been formulated or discussed at all. Nevertheless, such policies are held in Poland and abroad, and their importance is growing. Thus, there is a need for their definement and characterizing for the construction of nomenclature used in academic discourse and in the practice of design and the application of these policies and in didactics as well.The purpose of this article is to answer this challenge. It opens with the presentation of the origin and the nature of localism and the idea of local development. Then the categories of the local development perceived from the local and supra-local perspectives have been formulated, as well as local development paradigm, its meaning and position in relation to other paradigms of development have been described. Based on local and supra-local perspectives of local development, the categories of local (municipal) and supra-local (regional, national and international) policies of local development have been formulated and the entities who pursue them have been pointed. Also the purpose and features of these policies, ways of their pursuing and their positions in relation to other functional and horizontal policies have been described. Next, the vertical and horizontal cohesion of supra-local policies of local development have been presented. The article uses the research methods of critical analysis of the subject literature, induction, deduction and analogy.

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Around the Bloc: Science Suffering in Bulgaria

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 02/13/2018

EU freezes R&D funding because the country couldn’t come up with enough qualified local scientists to evaluate proposals.

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Refleksje na temat narodu i państwa w polskiej myśli politycznej

Author(s): Sebastian Paczos / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2014

The paper provides an overview of mostly nineteenth-century concepts of nation and state, juxtaposed with sociological theories. It begins with the definitions of the basic concepts and their relations, along with the change in their meaning over time. The author presents also the origins, development of the Polish nation and state, comparing the description with sociological theories. Next, the Enlightenment, Romantic and positivist concepts of nation and state were presented together with views prevailing in particular currents of the Polish socio-political thought. According to the author, the idea of nation and state gradually crystallised in the Polish political thought, to take on suggestibility and become an essential component of social life, albeit this process occurred in a variety of ideological milieux, with its culminating phase at different points in history. The author emphasised the polymorphism of the idea of nation and state as well as a variety of contexts in which they may occur.

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