PAŃSTWOWE MONOPOLE CZY W PEŁNI LIBERALNY RYNEK ENERGII – CO BARDZIEJ SPRZYJA BEZPIECZEŃSTWU ENERGETYCZNEMU?

Author(s): Zuzanna Dziedzic / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2011

The paper attempts to present the positive and negative aspects of the energy market functioning, both in the conditions of perfect competition and monopoly situation, in the context of the priority which is ensuring national energy security. In view of this, it examines the activity of the largest energy companies and the solutions adopted in the energy markets of the United States, China and Russian Federation, with particular emphasis on the role of selected firms in implementing the government’s energy policy.

Pozycja państw kontynentu afrykańskiego w stosunkach międzynarodowych na początku XXI wieku

Author(s): Monika Szynol / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2018

The aim of this article is to analyze the position of African countries in the international relations at the beginning of the 21st century, referring to both (northern and southern) parts of the continent. The participation of Africa in the international economic relations, challenges related to the level of economic and social development of the states, the widespread phenomenon of collapsing states, the level of regional and subregional integration as well as the interest and involvement of external entities in the region were considered as the most important factors shaping this position in the selected period. These determinants are also closely related to each other.

Empowerment of Women and Poverty Reduction in Developing Countries

Author(s): Natalia Bueno,Roger Morefield / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between women’s empowerment and poverty, topics that are part of the UN Millennium Development Goals. An analysis of a sample of 36 low and middle income countries divided equally among 6 different regions shows that education and health are important factors in determining the level of development. Findings suggest that the implementation of certain types of programs empower women and gradually alleviate poverty.

Government Intervention and Financial Access: Evidence from China

Author(s): Fu Tong / Language(s): English Issue: 06/2017

This paper distinguishes between different forms of government intervention in a micro economy, including a firm’s tax burden, regulatory stringency, state shares and collective shares. To the best of my knowledge, I offer a first attempt to explore how these types of government intervention affect a firm’s financial access. With evidence from China, I use the 2005 World Bank Investor Climate survey data to confirm that a firm’s financial access is promoted by its tax burden and regulatory stringency but constrained by its state shares and collective shares. My estimates are robust to the potential endogeneity issue, the different measures of financial access and different samples. Given that most governments explicitly or implicitly dictate financial resources, this paper offers general applications for government policies or corporate finance.

Demokratizim Pa Politikë: Baza Konceptuale e Qasjes Ndërkombëtare në Shqipëri

Author(s): Blendi Kajsiu / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 4/2007

Qëllimi i këtij punimi është të nxjerrë në pah bazën konceptuale dhe presupozimet bazë, mbi të cilat bazohen përpjekjet e komunitetit ndërkombëtar për të ndihmuar demokratizimin e Shqipërisë. Për këtë qëllim, artikulli shqyrton disa nga qasjet kryesore në fushën e demokratizimit. Argumenti kryesor është që, pavarësisht specifikave, të gjitha këto qasje e anashkalojnë ose e neglizhojnë politikën si kategori analitike dhe empirike. Në shumicën e rasteve politika ose është e parëndësishme përballë kategorive më “esenciale” si kultura apo struktura shoqërore, ose përcaktohet thatë si ndërveprimi mes aktorëve të ndryshëm politikë. Në këtë punim kjo mangësi nxirret në pah dhe kritikohet. Në fund të esesë eksplorohet mundësia e rikonceptualizimit të politikës si akt themelues dhe jo reflektim i faktorëve më të “thellë” si kultura apo struktura shoqërore.

EUROREGIONALIZAREA – UN CONCEPT PRESANT, CU ORIZONTURI COMPLICATE

Author(s): Mihaela Agata Popescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 21/2015

21. YÜZYILIN İDEOLOJİK GÜÇ MÜCADELESİ: ULUSLARARASI SİSTEMİN DEĞİŞEN DOĞASINI ANLAMAK

Author(s): Kaan Yiğenoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2018

The basic ideological conflict of the 20th century was between capitalism and socialism. This conflict occurred between the supporters of the capitalist ideology and those opposing the capitalist ideology. In the 21st century, this ideological clash is witnessed to be evolved. The basic ideological conflict of the 21st century is between globalists and capitalists. The conflict between globalists and capitalists is developing between different factions of capitalist ideology, not between oppositionists of capitalist ideology and their opponents. These developments need to be evaluated in the context of this new ideological conflict. In this work, the development of the international system is evaluated within the framework of different ideologies, and then the analysis of change in the ideological power struggle is being conducted in the 21st century. Finally, the conflict of ideologies and the process of unification are explained.

INTERES, INFLUENŢĂ ŞI PUTERE ÎN EPOCA ACCELERĂRII PROCESULUI GLOBALIZĂRII

Author(s): Simona Nicoleta Vlad / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 16/2013

The 21st century is evolving towards world multipolarity, where the assertion and consacration of the new global leaders has become a true competititon and the increase in the inderdependency and interaction among states, made possible by the destructuring of the Communist system is accentuating the civilization transfer from the West (including the US) to the East (including Russia). This phenomenon takes place within the trends towards globalization, which through its two dimensions, continental – managed by West European countries and global – controlled by the US – is directing the integration efforts of former Communist states in the European and Euro-Atlantic organizations.

VALORIFICAREA BREVETELOR DE INVENȚIE ROMÂNEŞTI ÎN EXPLOATAREA ZĂCĂMINTELOR DE LA ROŞIA MONTANĂ

Author(s): I. Gabriel Năstase / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 15/2013

Le projet Rosia Montana a commencé par des fautes. On n’a pas consulte les spécialistes roumaines (géologues, ingénieurs spécialisés en exploitations aurifères, spécialistes en écologie et des économistes). De plus, les donnes concrétées de l’affaire (de volume des gisements au chiffres économiques) ont été est sont tenues en secret. ( ?!)La technologie d’exploitation des gisements aurifères en utilisant la cyanure, propose par Gold Corporation SRL (GC SRL) est très vieille, même si on l’utilise en USA, Canada, Nouvelle Zélande, Italie, Finlande, Espagne et Suède. En présent, l’Aur se trouve dans les particules très petites en composition de la rochelle et pour extraire l’Aur de stérile, il faut que les compagnies utilisent diverses substances chimiques. Ingénieur Măluşel Viorel Alexandru et son équipe ont obtenu, en 2012, un brevet d’OSIM pour un méthode d’extraction qui permettrait l’exploitation efficace des gisements de Rosia Montana sans aucun impact négatif sur l’environnement. De plus, les coutes seraient minimales en comparaison avec les exploitations basées sut cyanures. Dommage, les autorités roumaines ignore cette invention. Pour quoi ?

CHINA- COMBATIVITATEA PARTIZANĂ A PILIERILOR CONCEPTUALI DE POLITICĂ EXTERNĂ ȘI DE GEOPOLITICĂ PENTRU EXCEPȚIONALISMUL DISCURSULUI IDENTITAR

Author(s): Ioana Bianca Berna / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 14/2013

The garroting through which the exorbitant quantity of the studies, related to China, treats us, would determine any researcher to distance him/herself from such a sought for and covered level of analysis and look for other ramificatons of such a level, or to dodge the current circumstances and to devote him/herself to others. We will try to recover, throughout this article, cardinal virtues of the way in which the essential Chinese conceptual themes of geopolitics and foreign policy were formed, with references from the Cold War and post-Cold War Period. We will include the nostalgic remembrance of the way in which they were ascertained by inquiry and of the way in which the reforms of their relaunch passes (in some cases, not in all of them!), the test of time. Although this study can seem like the rest of them, we could explain, in a subjective and retrieving note, the defining components of the brimful existence of the way in which the self-reflexivity of the Chinese foreign policy and geopolics discourse was sittered.

EFECTELE GLOBALIZĂRII ÎN MEDIULUI ECONOMIC ROMÂNESC ÎN CONDIŢIILE ACTUALEI CRIZE ECONOMICO-FINANCIARE

Author(s): Benone Andronic / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 12/2012

În cadrul actualei economii globale, celulele de bază sunt reprezentate, cel puţin pentru stadiul actualul, de economiile naţionale, care, prin natura noilor relaţii generate, sunt modelate şi puternic influenţate, în sensul specializării, de diviziunea mondială a muncii. Să recunoaştem că, în epoca actuală, dezvoltarea fiecărei economii naţionale este puternic intercondiţionată, iar pentru unele ţări chiar determinată de contextul economic internaţional. Se apreciază că aceste condiţii sunt determinate, în foarte mare măsură, de procesul globalizării. Ca urmare, înţelegerea corectă a acestui proces prezintă o mare însemnătate şi pentru definirea contextului actual al economiei româneşti.Under the current global economy, core cells are represented, at least for the present state, by national economies, which, by nature of the new relationships generated, are modeled and heavily influenced by the division of labor in the sense of specialization. Let us recognize that, in the current era, the development of each national economy is strongly interdependent, and for some countries even determined by the international economic context. These conditions are judged to be largely determined by the globalization process. As a result, the correct understanding of this process is of great significance also for defining the current context of the Romanian economy.Under the current global economy, core cells are represented, at least for the present state, by national economies, which, by nature of the new relationships generated, are modeled and heavily influenced by the division of labor in the sense of specialization. Let us recognize that, in the current era, the development of each national economy is strongly interdependent, and for some countries even determined by the international economic context. These conditions are judged to be largely determined by the globalization process. As a result, the correct understanding of this process is of great significance also for defining the current context of the Romanian economy.

STRATEGIA DE SECURITATE ÎN CONTEXTUL CERCETĂRII ŞTIINŢIFICE, DEZVOLTĂRII TEHNOLOGICE ŞI INOVĂRII

Author(s): I. Gabriel Năstase / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2012

Dans la conjoncture internationale actuelle, la sécurité nationale est un concept qui intègre de domaines diverses : politique, diplomatique, économique, militaire, environnementale, sociale, culturelle, scientifique, technologique, morale et humanitaire. Une véritable stratégie de sécurité doit exprimer et développer ce concept.

NEDETERMINAREA DETERMINĂRII

Author(s): Gheorghe Văduva / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 9/2012

DECENIUL PIERDUT... SAU UN NOU ORIZONT

Author(s): Gregory R. Copley / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 8/2011

Concerns continue to mount of a “contagion” of despair in global financial markets if Greece begins the process of debt default or renunciation. And while there will certainly be economic and social pain, there are paths through the crisis.

CÂTEVA DINTRE MARILE PROBLEME ALE UNIUNII EUROPENE

Author(s): Octavian-Mircea Chesaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 5/2011

The European Union's single voice, announced by the Treaty of Lisbon, is not yet visible because of the distrust shown by influential European actors in European policies reguarding energetic security, foreign affairs, or common defence. Thus, major economic and political disparities grow among Member States, each pursuing its own interests only, and not the intrests of the entire community.

CONEXÂND ORIENTUL ȘI OCCIDENTUL

Author(s): Thomas Jakson / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2010

Francmasoneria – ca frăţie universală a oamenilor, animată de spiritul divin – nu şi-a schimbat niciodată raţiunea de a fi de-a lungul anilor… nu există nicio ocazie în care francmasoneria să fi participat la vreun plan care să o pună în situaţia de a deveni o organizaţie supremă mondială. Scopul ei principal este acela de a lua oamenii buni pe care-i poate găsi în societate şi de a-i face şi mai buni… Dacă n-am face nimic altceva decât să ne uităm la marii conducători ai lumii libere, la numele acelor oameni care au clădit libertatea şi care erau francmasoni, ar fi dificil să acuzăm francmasoneria de implicare în planuri de control al lumii….Asta nu înseamnă că reuşim mereu să găsim numai oameni buni, nici nu înseamnă că reuşim mereu să-i facem şi mai buni, dar nu se poate nega, dacă privim la bărbaţii pe care tocmai i-am pomenit, că francmasoneria trebuie să fi avut vreun rol, prin preceptele sale filosofice, în a-i determina pe aceşti bărbaţi care au luat parte la edificarea libertăţii şi a egalităţii, să facă eforturile pe care le-au făcut în societăţile lor. Fragmente din interviul acordat postului Radio Romania Actulalităţi la data de 22 ianuarie 2010

Kuala Lumpur City of Tomorrow: Integration of Geospatial Urban Climatic Information in City Planning

Author(s): Nurul Amirah Isa,Siti Aekbal Salleh,Wan Mohd Naim Wan Mohd,Andy Chan / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

Urbanization brings many benefits. However, due to rapid and uncontrollable urbanization, the urban environment has been dramatically degraded. As a developing country, Malaysia is facing urbanization pro-cesses throughout the country and most of the population have migrated to dwell in the cities. Malaysia has envisions designing smart, liveable and comfortable cities, there is a great need to maintain the sustainability of the cities to ensure that the quality of life of urban dwellers is preserved, especially in terms of the environment. This paper reviews the concept of urban climatic mapping and its potential implementation in a Malaysian urban environment. The key elements and parameters of the urban climatic mapping are also discussed. Since being introduced 40 years ago, urban climatic maps have attracted worldwide interest. It is time for Malaysia to have its own urban climatic maps to assist the decision makers to make an informed decision on the development and its impacts to the urban climate conditions in particular. It is the responsibility of mapmakers to share lessons and experiences with city planners and policy-makers to bring new planning environments that include climate as one of the important aspects to be considered.

The Development Potential of the Cities in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Author(s): Rakhila Rakhmetova,Karlygash Zhakenova,Nurlybek Issabekov,Regina Andekina,Aigul Tazabekova / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

This study aims at analyzing the level of the social and economic condition and potential of urban development for the further creation of a strategy for the development of territories in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The presented study shows the general results of the matrix analysis of statistical data describing the level of the economic development and social field in 40 Kazakhstan cities. The results of the study allowed the author to group the cities under study and formulate the following conclusions: •The Republic of Kazakhstan is described by a complex three-level territorial and urban structure. •Most of the cities surveyed are described by low potential, but the economy is described by stable and sustainable development. The strategy of enhanced development of the economic and social fields is the most suitable development strategy for this group of cities. •As a result of the study, a small group of the least socially and economically developed cities has been identified. Most of them are mono-cities with inactive or partially operating backbone enterprises. Development of such settlements should be aimed at reducing the mono-dependence of the economy, creating conditions for the development of multidisciplinary production, including stimulating entrepreneurial activity, infrastructure support, creating an education system, etc.

Стварање државног идентитета Новорусије

Author(s): Lazar Dražeta,Bogdan L. Dražeta / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2018

This paper deals with the case of revival and instrumentalization of the territory of Novorussiya, originally a historical region at the southwestern border of the former Russian Empire. The process of creating Novorussiya’s state identity is still carried out, hence the aim of this research is the analysis of that phenomenon. Nowadays Novorussiya is no longer just an alliance of two self-proclaimed republics at Donetsk and Lugansk regions in the eastern part of Ukraine, but the idea of returning to the “general Russian principles” through the renewal of the Russian language, culture, moral values and the alliance of the Eurasian people. This process is based upon the concept of the neo-Eurasianism as geopolitical and historically founded idea of the reintegration of the post-Soviet and Russian imperial space. Cultural backround for this project is the Russian concept of multiculturalism, i.e. the “Russian World” (Russian: Русский мир). This concept is based upon the Russian language, the Cyrillic alphabet and the coexistence of different ethnic groups. The notions of Novorussiya, Little Russia, Great Russia, and Ukraine were also explained from a historical perspective, while Pridnestrovye (Transnistria) has been analyzed as a precursor to the socio-political model of Novorussiya. This model encompasses multi-ethnicity, separation from the previous nation-state, pro-Russian position as well as economic and cultural self-sufficiency. The usage of the news sources and literature about geopolitical situation in the world indicates that the creation of Novorossiya’s state identity fits the principles of multi-ethnic and multi-polar world. As the civil war in Imperial Russia erased the notion of Novorossiya from the historical stage, so the civil war in Ukraine brought the same notion back. Hence, this study may provide a new impetus for future research that will direct its attention to the current social and cultural processes in Eurasia.

The Political and Social Problems of the Contemporary Middle East and its Neighbouring Areas. Preface

Author(s): Radosław Bania / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018