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(Бивша Югославска) Република Северна Македония на кръстопът в търсене на идентичност(и)

Author(s): Ivan Stoychev Vinarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The current research aims is to rise the current questions about the identity of the Macedonians. Its implementation clarifies the essence of the term "identity" and the process of social engineering in Macedonia. Further content analysis of media information and statistics from indices of international organizations is used. The main conclusion is that a paradoxical process is being developed – a transformation of the past in order to restructure the future in a different way

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REVISITING INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY: DISCOURSES FROM AFRICA

Author(s): Sandy Africa,Suzanne Graham / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

African voices and experiences have been erased from the canon of mainstream IR theory, and even in well-intentioned accounts that take the power dynamics between the developed and underdeveloped world into account. This is a product of a worldview that sees the European experience of modernity as a template for what the world should look like. Denying the experiences of slavery, colonialism and imperialism as pivotal in understanding international relations, as well as refusing to acknowledge the philosophical and intellectual contributions of African thinkers, and the agency of African actors, is detrimental to our understanding of the international, and to IR. There is a new generation of young intellectuals, including women from the Global South, who are rewiring the African experience and offering new theoretical insights.

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THE FAILURE OF PEACEBUILDING IN SOMALIA: THE 'MYTH' OF THE NATION-STATE

Author(s): Ajogwu Samuel Igba,Cori Wielenga / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

There is a growing consensus in International Relations that the sovereign nation state, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, is a ‘myth’ because of the several nations that can be found within one sovereign entity, made so by the Berlin conference of 1885 that partitioned Africa. Regardless of this consensus, international peacebuilding theory and practice is biased towards maintaining these sovereign arrangements. Through a decolonial lens, peacebuilding in Somalia is explored as an example of how these biases affect peace in a multiethnic, multiclan, and diverse society.

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Determinants of International Migration from Developing Countries to Czechia and Slovakia

Author(s): Lucie Macková,Jaromír Harmáček,Zdeněk Opršal / Language(s): English Issue: 09/2019

Using a gravity model, this article explores the determinants driving stocks of international migrants from developing countries in Czechia and in Slovakia. It presents an overview of international migration to both countries between the years 2006 and 2015 including the major countries of origin. It also proposes a brief discussion of different migration theories that can be used to explain the number of international migrants in both destinations. The gravity model used throughout the study includes four groups of explanatory variables: standard gravity variables, economic, institutional and those that approximate mutual relationships. The results show that the number of migrants in both destinations increases with higher GDP per capita and population in the countries of origin. Furthermore, mutual links such as trade or distance between the destinations and the countries of origin are significant as well. While only developing countries were selected for this analysis, this model provides a useful exploratory tool that can help with further analyses of migration flows to different countries and regions.

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Andrić i Bašagić u jugoslavenskom ključu

Author(s): Šaćir Filandra / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 10/2020

Different views on identity politics in Ottoman Bosnia presented in doctoral dissertations by Ivo Andrić and Safvet-beg Bašagić stem from differences in historical and socio-economic experiences of each of their respective religious and confessional communities. Andrić, the one oriented towards the future, perceives Bosnia from the perspective of a newly introduced concept of Yugoslav national unity that does not value diversity. Bašagić, the one staring into the past romantically, sees Bosnia through rose-colored glasses. Both Andrić and Bašagić share distinct notions of their historical periods and allow for non-scientific influences to shape their academic discourses.

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COLONIAL MECHANIZATION AS TRANSITION IN RESOURCE EXTRACTION IN NIGERIA: PERSPECTIVES FROM COAL INDUSTRY

Author(s): Nkemjika Chimee Ihediwa,Ngozi E. OJIAKOR / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The discovery of coal deposits in Udi Hills in Enugu, Nigeria, by the British, in 1909, marked a turning point in the area. It led to the building of a railway line from the hinterland to the coast. Coal was needed by the British; it was used not only in the industries; it was an essential ingredient in powering steam engines. At the time coal was discovered in Enugu, the mines were manually operated using pick axe and diggers. The manual labour requirement was enormous and this made conscription of labourers become a feature of the mining economy of colonial Nigeria. To expedite production and maximize resource extraction, the colonial regime began the mechanization process of the coal industry, introducing machines for mining, which in turn changed the process of production. The paper examines the role of mechanization in coal production and the changes it produced in the colonial economy of Nigeria.

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Farewell to (post)colonialism in Danish-Greenlandic relations? And then again, maybe not...

Author(s): Agata Lubowicka,Kazimierz Musiał / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The aim of the article is to investigate the allegedly new relationship between Greenland and Denmark in Danish political and literary discourses relating to Greenland, by approaching it from two different research perspectives – those of political and literary studies. The analysis draws on the theoretical work of Pierre Bourdieu and his concepts of habitus, capitals and dispositions that together create a hegemonic order. It also applies the concept of framing, as operationalised by A. Pluwak, B. Scheufele, W.A. Gamson, and A. Modigliani in the social sciences. The essay is structured according to the core framing tasks: diagnostic, prognostic and motivational, and their confluence with the temporal frames of the 1950s, the 1970s and the period beyond the 1990s. The analysis employs examples from both post-WW2 official documents related to Greenland and produced in or on behalf of Denmark, and from Danish literature about Greenland published in the same time periods.

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Fraternity of Two Nations. Romania and France in the Context of the First World War and Peace Negotiations

Author(s): Paul-Claudiu Cotîrleţ / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2019

Starting from the way that the Romanian government managed the relations between the two countries, in a moment with multiple meanings for both states - 100 years since the First World War, I have brought to light the profiles of three personalities who put their efforts in improving the ancenstral bond between France and Romania. The French not only treated the Romanians as comrades of arms, but fought devotedly for common desires, and the most ardent wish came true on December 1, 1918. The geopolitical and military realities of the early twentieth century, such as the First World War and the peace treaties, revealed not only conflicts, interstate polarization and ethnographic mobilities, but also the friendships, alliances and births of fraternities between nations, both from a political and military point of view, as well as cultural and academic.

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Сигурността и развитието в Близкия изток в контекста на предизвикателствата пред човешката цивилизация

Author(s): Yurii Tarkalanov,Stanislav Kutev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The current research aims is to present the essence of the Lebanese electoral system and to analyze the results of the last parliamentary vote, to examine the current political situation in the country. The US Congressional Research Service information ranges, some basic normative and international law documents, and the content–analysis of media information are also used. The main conclusion is that Lebanon needs a government of national unity, but this does not coincide with the interest of many external actors – mainly Iran and Saudi Arabia.

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DANGERS OF CORRUPTION IN THE NATIONAL DEFENCE STRATEGY – WHY A MORE EFFICENT APPROACH IS NEEDED?

Author(s): Violeta Iulia Nagâț / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Corruption has existed since ancient times, the proof being the term’s Latin origins (corruptio-onis). It was assimilated in Romanian through French, basically expressing inappropriate, immoral behaviour of public servants. Throughout centuries, an unstable geographic and historical environment, as well as violent and inefficient political systems generated acts and deeds of corruption that lead to initiatives, concerns and prevention actions and countermeasures, including means of legal regulations. Periods of crisis have especially experienced a weaker state authority, a degraded standard of living, altering of moral judgement, lack of efficient control leverages, lesser confidence in social institutions and values, a lack of cohesion between the law and the economic and social realities. Acts of corruption, that have been a part of public servants’ activity, result from violating human rights, freedom of speech and action, depending on social need.

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From Passport to Pennies: Theorizing the Effects of Dual Citizenship on Migrant Remittances

Author(s): Daniel Naujoks / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Migrant remittances are critical elements of the economic development agenda in many parts of the world. Extending dual citizenship to emigrants has been suggested as government policy to encourage and stabilize migrants’ financial transfers. This essay theorizes the causal relationship between passports and pennies, or between citizenship policies and transnational economic activities, such as remittances. It reads the conceptualizations from a grounded theory study on the effects of status passages related to citizenship, as well as findings from economic sociology into the micro-economic literature on the determinants of remittances. Based on a study of India’s diasporic membership status, the Overseas Citizenship of India, the essay shows that four principal effects—the rights, identity, naturalization and good-will effect—affect various populations differently. The conceptualizations serve to generate empirically grounded hypotheses about the relationship between economic transfers and citizenship status, as well as to understand the underlying (and sometimes competing) mechanisms.

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Exploring Post Occupancy Evaluation as a Sustainable Tool for Assessing Building Performance in Developing Countries

Author(s): Edidiong Ukpong,Aniebietabasi Ackley / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

In recent years, the concept of using Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) for building performance assessment has attracted much attention globally because of its benefits in enhancing future design decisions. However, developing countries give little or no concern to the practice of improving design outcomes using POEs. In Nigeria, buildings are rarely evaluated once they are handed over to the clients. This study explored the use of POE as a sustainable tool to assess building performance in developing countries with Nigeria as a case study. The method of data collection was firstly through a systematic literature review where existing and current conceptual body of knowledge in peer-reviewed journals, electronic databases (Science Direct and Google Scholar), conference proceedings, and published articles were appraised; with a specific focus on key issues of POE, such as: its definition, evolution, phases, levels, dimensions, benefits and application as a sustainable tool for building performance. The findings from the literature informed the use of interviews to gather the perception of building professionals on the use of POE for building performance assessment. A total of 117 building professionals including architects, engineers, planners and surveyors were interviewed. The data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics (frequency count and simple percentages). The study findings revealed that building occupants are a valuable source of information on building performance and that POE methods should be simple and building typology specific. The interviewees suggested that POEs could provide useful benchmarking data to establish best practices for delivering sustainable building developments in Nigeria. It is expected that the findings of this study will encourage policy makers to consider regulations that will enhance the use of POEs for building performance analyses to feed forward the positive and negative lessons learned to improve the design of current and future building developments in developing countries.

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TÜRKİYE’NİN DIŞ YARDIM POLİTİKASINDA TİKA’NIN VE STK’LARIN ETKİSİ: SUDAN ÖRNEĞİ

Author(s): Hasan Basri YELEK / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 46/2020

Foreign aid refers to loan or donation given by a country, international organization or nongovernmental organization (NGO) to others in order to support development efforts, to strengthen democracy or to provide humanitarian relief during times of crisis. Foreign aid might be provided either for strategic goals or for just humanitarian reasons. Furthermore, the first impression about Turkey in terms of politically and humanly is that Turkey government and Turkish nation are undoubtedly helpful. Thus, foreign aid is one of the vital issues for Turkey. In this study, foreign aid’s to Sudan provided by Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency (TIKA), Doctors Worldwide (YYD), Humanitarian Relief Foundation (IHH) and Turkey Diyanet Foundation (TDV) will be discussed.

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CHILDREN’S RIGHTS AS CONSUMER OF LATIN AMERICAN SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMMES

Author(s): Maria Angelica Ferrer Herrera / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

School feeding programmes (SFP) provide food to millions of children around the world in partnership with United Nations` member states using the existing school infrastructure. (State of school feeding Worldwide 2013). Thus, it has been necessary that each state and / or government develop the creation of SFP as part of its public policies, in order to provide quality and safety food supplements and services to children and adolescents of school age. Program operators become suppliers of goods and services, creating a consumption relationship, where the food recipients are the final consumer. Therefore, this consumption relationship is protected by international protocols, consumer policies and regulations of the constitutional and legal order, which protects consumers’ rights with special relevance for children and adolescents. Experience in Latin American countries such as Colombia, Brazil and Chile (Feeding the Future 2018) has determined that access to nutritious food leads to eradication of hunger and malnutrition; school attendance and permanence and contributes to closing gender gaps in school education. (Zero hunger 2018). This paper reviews the evolution and development of the SFP from the Colombian experience, as well as the identification of bad practices, abuses and complaints in the operation of the SFP. As a result, SFP`s act as form of protection of children`s rights as consumer through the application of consumer rights regulation.

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European Neighborhood Policy and the Arab Spring

Author(s): Hüseyin Pusat Kıldiş / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The Mediterranean possess strategic, political and economic aspects that are important to the European Union. The European Union implemented the Global Mediterranean Policy in 1972, the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership in 1995 and the European Neighborhood Policy in 2004. The Union, however, along with the Arab Spring process, struggled to implement a common foreign policy because of the conflicting interests from its members. This article will examine, the emergence of the European Neighborhood Policy, which the EU is applying for a cultural, economic and political convergence towards its neighbors, and the transformation of this policy with the Arab Spring process.

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MILOVAN MILOVANOVIĆ’S VIEWS ON SERBIAN FOREIGN POLICY AND NATIONAL ISSUES AT THE END OF XIX AND THE BEGINNING OF XX CENTURY

Author(s): Nenad Anžel / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This paper examines the most important views of the Serbian statesman, a diplomat and a lawyer Milovan Milovanović, and his position of the solution of the Serbian national and state issue in the late 19th and early 20th century. Milovanović was one of the most educated people of his time in Serbia. As a good connoisseur of the European political scene and international relations, he implemented his ideas first as Minister of Foreign Affairs and later as Prime Minister of the Serbian Kingdom.

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KHOMEINI’S POLITICAL-RELIGIOUS APPROACH OF THE ‘IRANIAN NATION’

Author(s): Bogdana Todorova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The geographical position of Iran as a transit country between the Middle East, Central Asia and Caucasus, makes the Islamic Republic of Iran a new geostrategic factor with main influence to the future of the Islamic world and international world system. The Welayat-e-Faqih imposes serious changes in the government and society. Renovation of Islamic dogmas and their adaptation to changing conditions of the social-political life is the challenge to the Shiite clergy, who firmly follow the practices established by Imam Khomeini. His revolution carries not only the spirit of the Iranian modernization but also the pathos of social democracy. The “Theo-democratic” government is based on both the Islamic and democratic principles, and it can be said that due to the ideas of Ayatollah Khomeini, a unique new project – the national-Iranian project is arguably developed. There are the three aims of this project: the territorial integrity, national sovereignty and national prosperity of the country, intended to protect Muslims and establish Islamic government based on the Shi’ite principles. The Islamic revolution is an important event not only for Iran but also worldwide. It makes the people to rethink the current relation religion – politics, giving the first serious notice of taking political power by Islam.

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Transit in Regional Economic Development: The Case of the Kaliningrad Exclave

Author(s): Kseniya Yuryevna Voloshenko,Ivan S. Gumenyuk,Nils Göran Roos Arne / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The study analyses the role of the transit function in the development of a regional transport system drawing on the example of the Kaliningrad exclave region (Russia). The article studies the role and extent of the impact of changes in the volume and structure of transit operations on the value-added creation in the regional economy. The assessment of the transit function was conducted using analytical software for strategizing and situational forecasting of the socio-economic development of the Kaliningrad region, the analogue of which is the CGE-model. The article describes the results of the regional value-added modelling based on the integrated index of gross regional product (GRP) and the changing volume and structure of transit cargo. The article explores the transit specialisation options for the Kaliningrad region based on different scenarios of its social and economic development and the changes in external factors. The results can be applied to similar studies on assessing the transit potential of a particular territory and developing measures to support the transportation system development in other regions.

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Sport i polityka. Wpływ konfliktu w byłej Jugosławii na życie i karierę Drażena Petrovica

Author(s): Marek Szczutkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Drazen Petrovic was a unique personality. The outstanding Croatian sportsman opened the door to basketball careers for European players in the United States. The player, thanks to his extraoridinary skills and hard work, became a star in the American NBA league. He was often compared to Mozart. Finding many other similarities (beginning of the career at the young age, remarkable talent, unique approach to responsibilities etc.) he also died prematurely. The goal of the paper is to present the influence of the conflict in the former Yugoslavia on the figure’s personal life as well as his sports carrer with reference to the political situation in the former Yugoslavia. The goal was achieved through an analysis of references (Polish and English). The paper presents also statistical data illustrating the player’s achievements.

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Stosunki polsko-gruzińskie w latach 1918-1921

Author(s): Magdalena Włodarczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

The tradition of Polish-Georgian relations is many centuries old. It manifested itself differently over the course of history, originally based on the ideology of the Sarmatism and a diplomatic alliance in the war against Turkey. Later, when they were annexed by the Russian Empire, it was based on their fight for independence against a common enemy. Their relations have a political and historical background, and are associated with the resettlement policy of Russia. Establishing diplomatic relationships during the short period of the Democratic Republic of Georgia’s existence meant acknowledging Georgia internationally, first de facto, and then de iure. The cooperation was focused mainly on providing safe return for large Polish minority living in Transcaucasia, and on Marshal Józef Piłsudzki’s federalist agenda which supported newly emerged states. Both countries’ relations were reinforced by signing a military alliance and creating Polish-Georgian Industrial and Trade Union. The cooperation was finally ended by Soviet Russia’s assault on Georgia in year 1921.

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