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Verstellung und Waschzwang

Author(s): Dieter Simon / Language(s): German Issue: 06/1993

Den folgenden Bemerkungen liegt die Beobachtung zugrunde, daß es gegenwärtig und seit geraumer Zeit - nicht nur in Deutschland, sondern weltweit - einen hitzigen Diskurs über die Moralität der Politiker, über die öffentliche und private Sittlichkeit der Herrschenden gibt. 1. In der Schweiz zum Beispiel, wo man Bürger- und Ratstugenden seit Jahrhunderten in ungebrochenem Einklang wähnt, muß unversehens eine für ein Ministeramt nominierte Kandidatin vor der Presse die Erklärung abgeben, daß von ihr keine Nacktphotos existieren. Veranlaßt hat dies ein unfein anonymes Westschweizer »Komitee zur Aufrechterhaltung der Sittlichkeit der Institutionen«. Orientiert hat sich diese Reinigungstruppe offenbar an einem im benachbarten Italien gleichsam aus dem Nichts aufgetauchten Bürgerkomitee mit dem interessanten Namen »Die reinen Hände« (Le mani pulite).

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Foucault, Michel: Zrození biopolitiky. Kurz na Collège de France (1978–1979). CDK, přeložil Petr Horák. Brno 2009, 351 s.

Author(s): Jiří Němec / Language(s): Czech Issue: 16/2010

Review of: Foucault Michel "Zrození biopolitiky. Kurz na Collège de France (1978–1979)." CDK, translated by Petr Horák. Brno 2009, 351 p. by: Jiří Němec

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Budowa wizerunku Pierwszego w świetle „literatury faktu” i „scripted docu”

Author(s): Agnieszka Walecka-Rynduch / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The specific manner in which the image of Andrzej Duda is being created is closely related to two relatively new concepts and contexts of the principles of how to communicate via image: media-polis and media ego. The author searches for themes that shape and describe the image of the Prime One in three types of publications that describe the life and activities of the incumbent president. The analysis proposed in this paper is part of wider studies on the changed paradigm of the modern political communication and mechanisms of creating the images of politicians.

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Strategie wyborcze Ryszarda Grobelnego i Jacka Jaśkowiaka w ponownym głosowaniu w świetle badań exit poll

Author(s): Szymon Ossowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

This paper aims to analyze election strategies of two candidates for the office of President of Poznań, who competed in the second round of local elections in 2014.The author tries to answer the following questions: (1) between the first and second round, could Ryszard Grobelny have turned the tide of events and ultimately won the election? and (2) what mistakes did he commit in the last period of the campaign to have so clearly lost to Jacek Jaśkowiak? While answering these questions, we formulated two hypotheses. The first one is that it is impossible to clearly determine whether Ryszard Grobelny had a chance to win after such a low score in the first ballot, although there are indications that the key to victory was not so much the complaints of Ryszard Grobelny, but the decisions of other candidates, who did not qualify for the second round. The second hypothesis leads to the conclusion that the biggest mistake at the end of the campaign was the then incumbent President’s turn in the direction of the PiS party electorate and Tadeusz Dziuba. Verifcation of these hypotheses, in particular the second one, was based on the analysis of exit polls, carried out on the evening of the day of the second round of elections for the president of Poznan by the Gemini agency, commissioned by Wielkopolska Cable Television.

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Pomoc demokratyzacyjna polskich organizacji pozarządowych skierowana do Białorusi i Ukrainy: przesłanki oraz różne formy wsparcia

Author(s): Paulina Pospieszna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

Supporting democracy or, in other words, a special kind of foreign aid aiming to promote democratic ideas and attitudes, has been the domain of western democracies. Therefore, the studies on aiding democracy have typically focused on the programs of international organizations, governmental and non-governmental organizations and foundations from the United States and Western Europe. Recently, the circle of benefactors widened to include also the young democracies from Central and Eastern Europe – Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary – the former recipients of a similar support. The case study of Polish involvement in Ukraine and Belarus allows the author of this paper to analyze the activities of Polish NGOs aiming to support democracy in partner countries from 1990 to 2015. The objective is to examine the reasons for Polish NGOs involvement in supporting democracy, the methods applied to promote democratic ideas and attitudes and the nature of collaboration with civil societies of partner countries.

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Kontekst geopolityczny kryzysu na Ukrainie (2013–2014) i zaangażowanie władz polskich w jego rozwiązanie

Author(s): Sabina Olszyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The paper presents the specifics of the involvement of international actors in the conflict of Ukraine at the turn of 2013–2014. The country was considered attractive primarily due to its geopolitical position and the country being a buffer between the East and the West. The steps taken by the Polish authorities in the settlement of a dispute arising from the growing sense of threat from the Russian Federation are also discussed.

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Typy řešených problémů v rezortu obrany ČR a pravidla pro jejich řešení

Author(s): Monika Grasseová-Motyčková,Eva Štěpánková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2015

The article presents partial conclusions of the questionnaire survey on “Problem Solving in the Defence Department of the Czech Republic”. First, possible types of the addressed problems and methods for solving the ill-structured problems are characterized. The aim of the empirical research, whose findings are presented, was to identify the ill-structured problems that are solved in the CR Defence Department, and to find out the extent of the use of the methods for problem solving within the mentioned organization. In order to collect data, a semi-structured questionnaire was developed. The total of 135 questionnaires provided data for evaluation. The respondents from the researched organization mostly meet the problems which are related to a planning process, also to a change of an organizational structure, training preparation and processing of internal regulations. The methods, which are used to solve the quoted problems in the Defence Department, are expert panel discussion, interview, brainstorming, wargaming (pros and cons analysis), SWOT analysis, analysis of concerned parties and an objective tree. The rules and recommendations for solving ill-structured problems in the CR Department of Defence are defined, based on the found out information, toward the end of the article.

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Ideologia i praktyka polityczna Solidarności a tradycja republikańska

Author(s): Marcin Gajek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2016

The paper argues that – regardless of neo-Marxist inspirations – many views of Václav Havel, Adam Michnik, or Jacek Kuroń on civil society bear a surprising resemblance to political philosophy of Aristotle or Cicero. This, in turn, makes it possible to argue that Havel’s concept of “anti-political politics” is not anti-political at all but to the contrary – political par excellence, if only one adopts a sourcing understanding of politics characteristic for classical republican tradition. Moreover, those republican traces are especially well-visible in both the structure and the way of operating of Polish Solidarity movement.

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Local Memories of Wartime Violence: Commemorating World War Two in Gospić

Author(s): Mila Dragojević,Vjeran Pavlaković / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2016

How do dominant state narratives influence commemorative practices in local communities in different historical periods? We address this question by carrying out a study of World War Two commemorations in Gospić in two distinct periods of a political regime transition. The study is based on the documents from the archive of Gospić, articles from the local paper, existing scholarly publications on this area, as well as reports from state institutions and non-governmental organizations. We also photographed standing monuments and graveyards dating back to World War Two, or collected archival images and documentation of those that were removed or destroyed, in a fifty-kilometer radius around Gospić. We show how the narratives, symbols, and rituals that formed part of commemorations of World War Two violence changed when competing political actors attempted to establish their political legitimacy or gain political support.

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Савремени изазови јавној делиберацији

Author(s): Miljan Milisavljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2017

The aim of our study is was not only to point to some problems related to the theory of deliberative system, but also to offer some solutions. Before that we have briefly presented the development of deliberative democracy, its three phases. Then we have highlighted the main features of theory of deliberative system as third phase of development of deliberative democracy relaying on a representative essay by Jane Mansbridge et al. Next, we have detected some specific problems of the theory of deliberative systems, such as the ratio of the deliberative system with the public sphere as well as relation of the deliberative systems to inclusion and representation of citizens within deliberative process. Also related to this is the problem of removal of the theory of deliberative system from political ideal of deliberative democracy which emphasized by Owen and Smith. After that we have discussed the reasons for the emergence of the theory of deliberative systems. In our opinion key reason for this is the inability of the theory of deliberative democracy to overcome the real obstacles within a democratic society as well as representation issue. In this sense we pointed out Bohman’s attempt to solve the problem of representation within the theory of deliberative system as well as alternative approaches to this theory by Owen and Smith. In the end we have presented our view of the aforementioned problems of the theory of deliberative system and their solutions so we have emphasized that the focus of the deliberative system should transferred to deliberative practice of the citizens so that would insist on strengthening their deliberative capacity and capturing deliberative stance. In order to rich the ideal of deliberative democracy we should do our best to transform current democratic institutions in a way to make them functioning in deliberative way. The deliberative system is not the way that would provide something like that because it’s only goal is deliberative system itself. The three main issues that deliberative system is unable to deal with are: inclusion, representation and decisionmaking, so the ideal of deliberative democracy would be realized only if deliberative democracy be able to solve those problems in deliberative practice.

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Политичка функција синдиката: теоријске основе и практична димензија

Author(s): Aleksandar Milosavljević,Predrag Terzić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2017

The main thesis of this paper is that the unions are focused on politics to a great extent and their political function, taken from theoretical and practical point of view and understood in the broadest sense, plays an important role in the regulation of the relationship with the political system. Relying on the reference and theoretical literature, argumentation supporting the previously stated position proceeds from the neo-populist approach in thematizing of the relationship between the modern society and the state, as well as the empirical fact that the unions are one of the most important organizations of civil society. The political function of the unions and the state is complementary to other union functions. The historical aspect of the union activities, theoretically shaped by the institutional economists, also gives a lot of argumentative evidence that the unions at the beginning of their operation presented both economic and political actors. The influence of the politics on the formation of the syndicalism, especially in the West European countries, is relevant as well. The contribution of the unions to the development of democracy is in correlation with their current capacities to strengthen and consolidate this order, which also brings them to a close relationship with politics. The efficiency and practical operationalization of the political function of the unions are conditioned with historical heritage as well as institutional configuration of current political context and the current constellation of political power. Available models of political influence represent the achievements of the past development of the relationship between the unions and political parties and political system as a whole, whose applicability depends on the capacity of the unions and institutional context of their operation. The unions in Serbia in their documents recognize the importance of making an impact on the process of creating and adopting official policies. At the same time, they are incapable to achieve this goal, apart from chosen model of political influence. The summary: modern union which is perceived in the light of democratic pluralistic political theory, represents a legitimate political actor. Its total potentials to realize its political function are determined by the performances of achieved development as well as current constellation of political power in the society and the following institutional design.

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Vojenské kariérové kurzy pro přípravu vyšších důstojníků

Author(s): Vojtěch Němeček,František Mičánek,Jaroslav Kolkus / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2014

The career education of the Ministry of Defence (MoD) personnel is a key component to meet requirements for qualifications. As these requirements are career growth conditions for career personnel, they are inherently connected with further promotion in rank. During the process of preparation of the career courses it was revealed that some system changes should be made due to implemented or planned changes within the legislative and source framework of the Ministry of Defence. This article describes the implementation process of a new policy for training personnel in the career courses. It was prepared by a project team headed by the Centre for Security and Military Strategic Studies at the Defence University. Furthermore, the article deals with the clarification of the approach to the development of educational documentation and the chosen form of organization and conduction of military career courses. Also, a quality control system and a collection of information needed for upgrading of the senior officers career education curricula are described.

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Kantovo pojetí míru: Spory řešit pokojnou cestou

Author(s): Petra Průchová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2014

This essay is focused upon the concept of Perpetual Peace (1795) by the German Philosopher Immanuel Kant. To reach this goal, he advocated the establishment of a word federation of republican states. But some key prerequisites (s.c. preliminary and definitive articles) must be completed. The authoress compares the Kant’s concepts with the ideas of solidarity by the Czech philosopher Jan Patočka. The readers themselves must pass the judgement whether Kant’s prerequisites of eternal peace—even for more then two centuries—are fulfilled, or not. This subject matter belongs to a relatively young field of study dealing with war and peace, the so-called paxology, the theory how peace can be maintained in the world.

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Strategie a strategická kultura na počátku 21. století

Author(s): Jan Eichler / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2014

Strategy and strategic culture influence everyday lives of soldier and military units, as well as the system of their preparation for combats. In case of wars, they have a decisive impact on the destiny of civilian population. The strategic culture of every state has its national, international and historic dimensions. The article explains the criteria of militarism, because those phenomena were typical for a history of some states. First and foremost, backed by the analysis of a dramatic development of the strategic culture of the US during the first decade of the 21st century, the article concludes and explains its core and importance for our contemporary world.

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Liberaliosios Pasauléžiûros Aporijos

Author(s): Algirdas Degutis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 57/2008

The regime of political correctness that is now dominant in the West is an upshot of a specific ideology, namely, that of the new liberalism. The basic premise of the ideology is moral and cultural relativism, closely linked to egalitarianism. The new liberalism, engaged as it is in the project of creating an “open society”, has been taking an ever more aggressive stance towards traditional Western culture. Tolerance, openness and hospitality to the Other are the highest liberal values. The elevation of these values requires the downgrading of traditional Western values. The liberal struggle against “discrimination”, led in the name of a more open society, requires a curtailment of traditional liberties and a lowering of cultural and moral standards. The liberal struggle against “xenophobia” has been evolving into xenophilia – an ideology of guilt-ridden Western suicide. Cultural egalitarianism is even more destructive than its predecessor, economic egalitarianism.

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Celebrytyzacja polskiej polityki i język komentarzy internetowych. Analiza na wybranych przykładach

Author(s): Łukasz Scheffs,Aleksandra Sulikowska / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

This article deals with the possible manifestations of the ongoing process of the celebritization of politics in the view of the language of comments that occur on gossip websites which, in fact, have become the places of the deliberate image-creation of people related to politics. The means of creation comes down to publishing content associated with the private or semi-private lives of people who are engaged in politics. In addition, we can also observe a far-reaching process of the vulgarization and brutalization of the language of comments and entries which is also a specific phenomenon.

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Koncept politických príležitostí ako impulz rozvoja cezhraničnej spolupráce

Author(s): Irina Dudinská,Anna Polačková,Michal Cirner / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2017

The theory of political opportunity structures stems from political sociology. It was originally used to research social and political movements. At present, it can be practically used for the interpretation of the factors that create opportunities to develop cross-border cooperation. Also, it can be applied to the ability of the local actors to exploit the opportunities they offer.

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Politinio pokyčio konceptualizacijos Alaino Badiou ir Jacques’o Rancière’o teorijose

Author(s): Karolis Jonutis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 39 (02)/2016

This article discusses the conceptualizations of political transformation, proposed in the political theories of Alain Badiou and Jacques Rancière. These authors criticize the disappearance of ideological differences in modern liberal democratic states. As their subject, they choose the marginal parts of society, which can make a rupture in an existing status quo by acting collectively and rebelliously. Both authors propose theories of praxis, in which thoughts have an influence on the material world and, on the opposite, the material world having influence on theory. This article examines the transformational logic of these political concepts and tries to reveal their main limitations.

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Opinion: Lessons Not Learned

Author(s): Martin Ehl / Language(s): English Issue: 01/30/2018

The Czech Republic could have prevented another populist victory by taking a closer look at neighboring Slovakia’s recent history.

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AUTORITARNOST I POLITIČKA KOGNICIJA

Author(s): Zoran Pavlović,Bojan Todosijević / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

This study analyses the linkage between authoritarianism and three indicators that describe one’s general cognitive orientation towards the world of politics: political knowledge, general interest in politics, and interest in the election campaign. Individuals high in authoritarianism are hypothesized to be less politically competent and less interested in politics, due to their resistance to adopting new information and to changing the adopted beliefs. This hypothesis is based on the classical description of the authoritarian personality, but it has not been adequately empirically verified yet. The data are taken from a post-election public opinion survey conducted in 2012 after the presidential and parliamentary elections, on a random sample of voting age citizens of Serbia (N = 1568). The results show that authoritarianism and the level of political knowledge are significantly and negatively correlated, even after controlling for the basic sociodemographic variables. The intensity of political interest is not significantly correlated with authoritarianism. Additional comparison of the misinformed and uninformed groups (those who provided incorrect answers, and those who answered “don’t know”, respectively) did not support the view that authoritarian persons are more inclined to erroneously guess an answer than to simply say “don’t know”. The study concludes that the association between political knowledge and authoritarianism is based on deeper psychological roots, while the (lack of) association with political interest is likely to be con-text-dependent.

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