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Is there a concept of the enemy? To what discursive sphere would it belong? Or, if there is no concept of the enemy, what are the factors that could have prevented its articulation? Following the reflections of Carl Schmitt and Jacques Derrida on the theologico-political, and reading canonical texts from the Western philosophical, political, and religious traditions, the author seeks to account for the absence of a history of the enemy.The question of the enemy emerges in this book as contingent on the way Europe has related to both Jew and Arab as concrete enemies. Moreover, the author provocatively argues that the Jew and the Arab constitute the condition of religion and politics. Among the many strengths of the book is the timeliness of its profound study of contemporary actuality: the volume provides a basis for a philosophical understanding of the forces at work that produced and kindled current conflicts in Europe, the U.S., and the Middle East.
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This book concerns the politics of religion as expressed through apparitions of the Virgin Mary in Dzhublyk in Transcarpathian Ukraine. The analysis provides insights into the present position of Transcarpathia in regional, Ukraine-wide, and European struggles for identity and political belonging. The way in which the apparitions site has been conceived and managed raises questions concerning the fate of religious communities during and after socialism, the significance of national projects for religious organizations, and the politics of religious management in a situation in which local religious commitments are relatively strong and religious organizations are relatively weak. The analysis contributes to the ethnography and history of this particular region and of the post-socialist world in general. The changing status of the apparition site over the years allows investigation of the questions concerning authority, legitimacy, and power in religious organizations, especially in relation to management of religious experiences.
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Works on Islam in Europe often read like a juxtaposition of national case studies covering the history and perhaps the sociology of immigrant groups in the countries considered. Although the sociology of Islam is well-developed in certain European countries such as France, Germany and the UK, it is only in its infancy as a discipline at the European level. The chapters in this work, by leading European experts in the field, therefore aim to supply policy-makers, analysts and civil society leaders with an inventory of the main issues concerning the presence of Islam in Europe. The key message is that European Islam exists as a powerful transnational phenomenon, and European policy must keep pace with this reality.
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The history of the Second Vatican Council and the history of the policy of openness towards the East-Central European Communist countries, that is, the so called Vatican “Ostpolitik,” were looked at until now as two separate topics of research. The virtue of András Fejérdy’s work is to demonstrate, at the end of a thorough-going study through various available archives (first of all of the party and state, but also ecclesiastical ones), that it is not like that, but in reality the two topics are closely linked. Analyzing the history of the Hungarian presence at Vatican II in the context of the Hungarian Church policy and the evolution of the relations between the Holy See and Hungary, the book reveals that in consequence of the interests of the Holy See and the Hungarian party-state related to the Council—from the perspective of Hungary—Vatican II was not primarily an ecclesial event, but it remained closely joined to the negotiations between the Holy See and Hungary. During the Council, Hungary became the experimental laboratory of the Vatican’s new eastern policy.
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Ključna uloga građana i njihovo odgovorno sudjelovanje u formiranju vlasti i organizaciji društva predstavlja jedno veoma važno pitanje čiji korijeni sežu duboko u povijest politike i vlasti u ljudskim društvima. Ovaj drevni pojam se danas pod imenom demokracije afirmira na Zapadu i namjerno se,kao jedan poželjni oblik vlasti, nameće ostalim društvima.Temelj formiranja ovog oblika vlasti na Zapadu počiva na humanizmu i antropocentrizmu koje promovira sekularna misao, namjesto teocentrizma,odnosno na tezi o odvojenosti religijskog i ovosvjetovnog što je imalo za posljedicu pojavu liberalizma u novoj Evropi i njezin pomak iz aristokratske u pravcu demokratske Evrope. Na tragu ovog procesa došlo je do ustrojstva i ekspanzije “imperijalizma”i “kapitalizma”. Malo-pomalo je upravo ovaj oblik vlasti nametnut kao najpoželjniji i čak, u nekim slučajevima, promaknut kao vrijednost i cilj u političku potku drugih društava koja baštine različite kulture i običajnosti, te se na misaonoj, praktičnoj i ravni svjetskog političkog diskursa, posebice liberalne demokracije, preobratio u jedan svojevrsni idejni“tabu” koji sebi uzima za pravo svaki oblik kritike drugoga i drugačijega.
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The book "More Afer More. Essays Commemorating the Five-Hundredth Anniversary of Thomas More’s Utopia" is the first volume of Facta Ficta Research Centre’s in Kraków series "Frontiers of Nowhere", published in co-operation with Villa Decius Association as a part of the world-wide research initiative Utopia 500 to celebrate five hundred years since the publication of sir Thomas More’s De Optimo Reipublicæ Statu Deque Nova Insula Utopia Libellus Vere Aureus, Nec Minus Salutaris Quam Festivus in 1516. From the introduction by Gregory Claeys: The twenty-six essays which compose this collection cover a substantial range of both historical and theoretical themes, indicating at the least that the utopian idea thrives today across a number of disciplines as well as in domains (like computer games) which are themselves of recent origin and which indicate that utopia can also be addressed as an aspect of the internal psychic fantasy world. There is some consideration here of the lengthy and complex historical relationship between utopian ideals and religion. There is some effort to reconsider practical efforts to found actual communities which embody utopian ideals. Several authors revisit the emotional substrata of utopian aspiration rendered accessible through music in particular. Literature is here nonetheless the chief focus, in keeping with the form of Thomas More’s original text and that of the tradition which has imitated and satirised it. The themes represented here mirror in literary form the dystopian dri in the external world discussed above. Many of the leading authors of post-totalitarian dystopian fiction are included here, notably (to name but a few) Margaret Atwood, James Graham Ballard, Robert A. Heinlein, David Foster Wallace and, most recently, Michel Houellebecq. Within these treatments, the possibilities are explored that dystopia may emerge from or assume the form of racist regimes, environmental destruction, corporate dictatorship, or religious fundamentalism, or some combination of these factors. Such poten-tial outcomes of modernity need, the authors of this volume also assure us, to be balanced against the utopian promise which bodily remodelling entertains, and the possibility of longevity which scientific and technical advances enca-psulate as the epitome of modern individualist utopianism.
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The purpose of this research was to identify common and distinct factors of resilience or vulnerability to violent extremism in Bosnian communities as well as the influence of key actors on those factors. Cantons selected as case studies had the highest number of parajamaats and foreign fighter departures, such as Sarajevo Canton (SC) and Zenica-Doboj Canton (ZDC), or had no parajamaats or departures, such as Bosnian-Podrinje Canton (BPC). The research sought to answer three main questions: 1) What are key factors of community resilience or vulnerability, and what factors are linked to the development of violent extremist beliefs by individuals and groups and the choice to join foreign violent extremist groups? 2) Which key actors influence community vulnerability or resilience to violent extremism, and how do they shape such dynamics? 3) What is the impact of existing PVE programmes and initiatives in BiH on factors of community vulnerability or resilience to violent extremism? Researchers also wanted to determine: What are the primary entry points for PVE programming and response in BiH? And what crossover exists between PVE activities and peacebuilding and reconciliation efforts in BiH? This research identified several factors and actors that contribute to the degree to which certain communities in BiH have been affected or unaffected by radicalisation. The history of the 1992–1995 war has especially played a decisive role in shaping post-conflict radicalisation processes. This is true both in terms of how wartime actors and activities sowed the seeds of the Salafist movement in BiH and how wartime networks in certain communities increased the likelihood of investment by specific foreign actors in the post-war period. While researchers found that all these communities share some characteristics, including a lack of trust in institutions and a sense of uncertainty about the future, the main differences between affected and unaffected communities are linked to the war.
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This book comes from a large research endeavour of the European Union’s 6th Framework Programme, called ‘Microcon’, standing for the micro-foundations of violent conflict. In its entirety, Microcon consists of 28 component projects undertaken by 22 research centres across Europe, under the coordination of Sussex University. The Microcon website (www.microconflict.eu) gives a full account of participants, objectives and results. The project runs from 2007 to 2011.This book addresses the greatest source of societal tensions and violent conflict in contemporary Europe, involving people from minority groups of Muslim culture. Six country case studies – on Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Spain, Russia and the United Kingdom – give a comprehensive account of Islam-related tensions and violence, from the jihadist terrorist acts seen in Europe in the aftermath of 9/11 in the US, through to the urban riots of the type seen in France in 2005. These events are analyzed with a common typology together with detailed accounts of the social context in each country. Also included is an interpretation of the fundamental nature of the Islamist terrorism in Europe, with the outline of a strategy to repel it. The book is a unique source for those seeking to understand the nature of ethno-religious violence in contemporary Europe.
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What is and where is the Islamic World in 2019? If we understand the Islamic World as all Muslim-majority countries, according to the Pew Research Center (2015) we would find 50 such countries with a total population of over 1.8 billion. The highest percentage (91%) of the total population in a region considering themselves Muslim, can be found in the Middle East-North Africa (MENA). The starting point of Muslim history would be the prophet Muhammad’s revelation in the 7th century, followed by the Islamic Golden Age (8th–14th centuries), when Muslims were ahead of the rest of the world in the arts, science, philosophy, and technology. This period is still remembered and cherished with pride by both Sunni and Shia Muslims, the two biggest denominations within Islam, which – despite common misconceptions in the West – is not a monolith but splits into different religious schools and branches. The modern era has been marked by the more or less direct colonial domination of European powers which left its legacy in many states belonging now to the Islamic world. Much of today’s turmoil in the MENA region has its roots in the colonial times and the fault lines drawn by the European politicians. However, the blame cannot be wholly assigned to external powers: the list of factors contributing to the Middle East’s present complex and often difficult situation is long and includes many internal issues.
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Tema pokatoličavanja srpskog pravoslavnog stanovništva u Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj predmet je višedecenijskog interesovanja istraživača istorije Jugoslavije tokom Drugog svjetskog rata. Iako su prethodni istraživači svojim istraživanjima obuhvatili mnoge aspekte ove teme, zbornik naučnih radova koji je pred čitaocima predstavlja najobuhvatniji pregled teme na osnovu izvora koje prethodna istoriografija nije konsultovala ili ih nije dovoljno analizirala. Zbornik radova Pokatoličavanje Srba u Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj sastoji se iz pet naučnih radova. Naučni radovi nastali su kao rezultat istraživanja u osam arhivskih ustanova u Hrvatskoj i Srbiji i pregleda dvadesetak arhivskih fondova. [...]
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UKRAINE-2013: STATE-CONFESSIONAL RELATIONS // RELIGIENCE OF UKRAINIANS: LEVEL, CHARACTER, ATTITUDE TO CERTAIN ASPECTS OF CHURCH-RELIGIOUS SITUATIONS AND STATE-CONFESSIONAL RELATIONS // Address of the All-Ukrainian Council of Churches and Religious Organizationson the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the restoration of state independence of Ukraine // Letter to the President of Ukraine Yanukovych V.F. from members of the All-Ukrainian Councils of Churches and Religious Organizations on topical issues of state-confessional relations in Ukraine // Letter to the Chairman of The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine Lytvyn V.M. and People's Deputies of Ukraine from the next chairman of All-Ukrainian Council of Churches and Religious Organizations Svyatoslav concerning the draft law “On the principles of state language policy” // Declaration of the All-Ukrainian Council of Churches and Religious Organizations"Knowledge of the past - the way to the future" // Address of the All-Ukrainian Council of Churches and Religious Organizations on the protection and care of orphans, prevention orphanhood and ensuring the child's right to family upbringing // Letter to the President of Ukraine Yanukovych V.F. from the heads and plenipotentiaries representatives of Churches and religious organizations on the need to veto the bill №10221, which complicates registration and conditions of activity of religious organizations // CONCEPT OF STATE-CONFESSIONAL RELATIONS IN UKRAINE // MAIN TERMS AND CONCEPTS // INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY ACTS //ON ISSUES OF FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE
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The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant: who will stop Islamic fundamentalism
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Priručnik za profesionalce u oblasti obrazovanja Za zajednice otporne na radikalizaciju i nasilni ekstremizam! nastao je iz potrebe da se osnaže kapaciteti obrazovnog sistema u pravcu učinkovitije prevencije radikalizacije i nasilnog ekstremizma. Radikalizacija i nasilni ekstremizam ozbiljni su izazovi sa kojima se suočavaju savremena društva, pa i Crna Gora. Obrazovanje ima ključnu ulogu u prevenciji ovih pojava i to kroz podizanje nivoa znanja i informisanosti mladih, ali i kroz razvoj vrijednosti, stavova i vještina koje će ih učiniti otpornim na privlačnost radikalnih I ektremističkih grupa i propagande.
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A publication before you is created with the aim of bringing inter-religious dialogue and the religions’ peace potential closer to youth who are involved in politics in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Looking at the political participation as an activity in which young people usually have a secondary role, through acting in youth forums in their political parties, in election campaigns or through civil society organizations, it appears that young people are involved in political life, however, their ideas and attitudes are not used in the best way, i.e. in decision-making bodies. the Although political participation of youth is a burning issue in our society, this publication will not directly deal with but it, but it will focus on another important topic that is often misused for political purposes - religion, or more precisely inter-religious dialogue and religions' peace potential through the perspective of young people. Religion is often covered as a topic in political life, but in a negative context, using stereotypes and prejudices in order to create an atmosphere of intolerance and gain profit for political purposes. Therefore, with this publication we will try to compensate for the lack of resources on inter-religious dialogue and the peace potential of religions and their importance for the advancement of political dialogue. The publication is intended primarily for young politicians and activists from civil society organizations who deal with issues of political responsibility and political participation. It will serve as a manual for including the peace potential of religions and inter-religious dialogue in the political engagement of youth.
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Christian communities are deeply rooted in the Middle East, starting their witness since the first centuries of Christianity. The last hundred years of Middle East Christianity’s history went through a series of profound crises. Displacement by war, genocide and occupation leading to loss, emigration and exile seem to be the main experience of Christianity in the modern Middle East. Against this background of displacement, Christians have sought to resettle and build anew when allowed. They have been able to make significant cultural, political and economic contribution to Middle Eastern societies. In the last thirty years they are again facing ominous threat of extinction. Entering the new millennium, they are confronted with major difficulties and transformations in world politics. From 2011 Christians particularly in Syria and Iraq, have been suffering death and destruction in the hands of extremist Islamist groups. The volume is a fresh approach to the study of the Christian communities in the Middle East examining their relation to state, identity and politics. It questions main presuppositions and perceptions regarding Christianity in the Middle East, casts new light on the living Christian communities in the region and reflects on their future role.
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The specific nature of the Russia’s politics of memory stems from two types of determinants. These are systemic factors originating from a particular socio‑cultural substrate, formed mainly in the course of the turbulent 20th century history, as well as the present‑day interests of the authoritarian regime. The latter results in an extreme politicisation of the issues relating to the past and leads to alternative viewpoints being excluded from the debate. The narrative of memory is meant to legitimise the authoritarian system of government as being optimal for Russia, and thus to perpetuate the model of state‑society relationship that serves the Kremlin’s interests.
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The sudden influx of more than one million refugees and migrants to Germany in late 2015 and early 2016 exacerbated the country’s social and political crisis. The latent, protracted dispute about the character of Germany as a migration state resurfaced with renewed force and will divide the German public for many years to come. The scale of this conflict resembles those with which the Germans had grappled for decades, concerning attitudes towards the past and German history, or the use of nuclear energy. There are many indications that this time the division will be longer-lasting and certainly deeper, since at the centre of the dispute is Germans’ sense of national identity. It can be assumed that of all the recent crises (starting from the financial crisis, through the Eurozone crisis and Brexit, to the war in Ukraine), it is this migration crisis that will engender the most conflicts in Europe, creating a toxic mix of identity problems. Those problems could also be dangerous for German democracy.
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The relationship between religion, religious groups, and migration is an important topic of recent social science debate. Migration affects all aspects of the lives of those who have left their homes, including facets characterized as religious. Religion and religious identity are linked to social, cultural, and political issues, including integration, identity negotiation, diasporic community formation, interreligious dialogue, and religious pluralism. On the one hand, migration can change religious cultures, rituals, and traditions through the experience of mobility and the response of the host country. On the other hand, religious groups can encourage migration. In this context, new forms of transnational interaction and organization have emerged that contribute to the reformulation of community and identity. In some cases, such changes can lead to new conflicts and even trigger religious radicalization. This edited book consists of essays that bring together various perspectives on religious groups and their migration processes in different geographical regions. The aim is to empirically analyze the discourse and practices of national and transnational religious groups while investigating the relationship of religion and migration to political, historical, cultural, and social transitions. The book brings together academics and practitioners from different countries through interdisciplinary approaches that will be of interest to a wide readership of scholars and practitioners.
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The book introduces the situation and development of the Catholic Church in the People’s Republic of China from its foundation in 1949 to the present (2022). It provides both historical context and contemporary information about the Chinese Catholics. It examines the diverse groups of Catholics established in the territory of the People’s Republic of China belonging to both the official state-run Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association and believers in the so-called underground church, which is not sanctioned by the Chinese authorities. The book examines the political and social dilemmas facing the church under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party.
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