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Von Marburg nach Pittsburgh-2: Anschauung in der Struktur der Erfahrung

Author(s): Maja Soboleva / Language(s): German Issue: 35/2016

The paper focuses on the problem of constitution of our cognitive experience. Two approaches to this problem proposed by Ernst Cassirer and John McDowell are central for the analysis. Both authors use Immanuel Kant’s theory of cognition as a foundation for their own conceptions und they develop their independent interpretations of it according to the traditions they belong to. Although McDowell’s interpretation emerged within analytical philosophy, we can see similarity with Cassirer’s theory. Comparative studies of these theories will point out the convergences and divergences between them.

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FEMINIST RHETORIC IN BARACK OBAMA AND HILLARY CLINTON’S DISCOURSE

Author(s): Andreea Voina,Ada-Maria Ţîrlea / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2017

November 8, 2016, marked the beginning of a new era in the American political setting. The Obama era was known as a period of great opening, minority-friendly approach and liberal vision. Of the two candidates that were running for office in 2016, Hillary Clinton seemed to have the most similar approach to the now former president of the USA, Barack Obama;Clinton was framed as the de facto carrier and enforcer of Obama’s legacy. Feminist approaches are not gender-determined; Obama himself has made a mark as a feminist leader. Clinton ran for the highest office as a pioneer of women’s representation in politics. The aim of this paper is to discover the similarities between Obama’s discursive style and Hillary’s approach. Through critical discourse analysis, we launch this research in order to emphasize gender negotiations, in terms of both content and style.

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THE END OF POLITICS: DECONSTRUCTION, DECLINE AND ALTERNATIVE OF THE STATE

Author(s): Nikola Ilievski,Goran Ilik / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The paper represents theoretical investigation into the phenomenon of decline of the state. It addresses three basic and mutually connected investigation areas, introduced in deconstruction of the state, decline of the state and alternative of the state. Primarily, theories of the origin of the state are exposed, where the state’s essence is located; its function – identified and the role it has been playing – observed. In following, the decline represented as a process of transfer – with the state as its main subject, is interpreted through different prisms, particularly the one of federalism, postmodernism, decentralization and libertarianism. The specific focus is laid on the process of decline of the state, following the libertarian theoretical framework. The process is determined by the decrease of the state’s functions, occurring in certain period of time. Accordingly, the process is analyzed and divided into four phases, each of them identified with a certain type of state, with an exception. Ultimately, the alternative of the state is emerging as last phase and final outcome of the process of decline of the state, while introducing a new era, the one of no politics.

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THE ILLUSORY APPEARANCE OF STATES SECURITY THROUGH THE PRISM OF NEUTRALITY STATUS

Author(s): Grosu Ruslana / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The neutrality as a theoretical concept and status, which has found its applicability in times and geopolitical conjunctures, is an issue, susceptible to research both in scientific and analytical papers. Recognizing the complexity of the institution of neutrality, the researchers concerned of the subject deal with the issue of neutrality nowadays by arguing that the recourse to the declaration of neutrality status had an obvious political underpinning throughout history. It was shaped by the position of the declaring neutrality state, the interest of the actors who imposed it on certain forms of pressure, and the countries that were the guarantors of security, as well as the cause-effect relationship or the cost-benefit perspective. The distinct and complex character of scientific studies in the field of neutrality is due to a solid foundation on the way of research of the concept of neutrality. The geopolitical realities have generated transformations, which have repercussions on status of neutrality and policies of neutral states, an impact manifested by discrepancies and interpretations of legal norms. For some countries, the status of neutrality has not been clearly defined and legitimized in official documents. Some scientific papers on the case study of some EU Member States have confirmed the irrelevance of this status and its compatibility with some regional and international cooperation projects. The essence of this practice has been strengthened by conclusions based on the provisions of the rules of the international law Some of the historical, legal, geopolitical or other forms of reasoning have prompted some European states to declare their neutrality in the twentieth century and have lost their topicality.

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THE EUROPEAN UNION AS A REFORMING POWER IN THE WESTERN BALKANS: THE CASE OF ALBANIA

Author(s): Klodiana Beshku,Orjana Mullisi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

This paper tries to further elaborate one of the most important external powers of the European Union: Its “reforming power” which goes in parallel with its ability as “normative actor” in the Western Balkans. Through Albania as a case study, it tries to argue that the process of Albania’s integration to EU has transformed the country in several directions: by introducing a deep juridical reform and by the full alignment of its foreign policy with CFSP and the “regional cooperation”. In fact, under the auspices of the EU integration, the country is making all the efforts to deliver on one of the most transformative reforms undertaken in the region, that of the justice system. This gives to EU the features of a “reforming power”. The term shows EU as a driving force which makes countries undertake deep reforms they would not have differently realized, if not under the conditionality for the EU integration.

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GEOPOLITICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND BRZEZINSKI’S READINGS OF THE UKRAINIAN CRISIS

Author(s): Srđan Orlandić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

From November 2013 to the present day the Ukrainian crisis generated the most severe conflict in Europe since the 1990s, while current skirmishes in the eastern part of the country and recent new developments have the potential to further tighten the crisis. Notwithstanding the internal elements of the ongoing crisis, this paper will be focused on the analysis of its external - geopolitical – dimension. By acquiring conceptual framework from Zbigniew Brzezinski’s writings on geopolitics, this article will analyze the Ukrainian crisis in terms of strategic, economic and ideological interests of the Russian Federation.

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INVOKING THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT: THE DEROGATION OF ITS PRINCIPLES AND IMPLEMENTATION

Author(s): Bama Andika Putra,Abdul Razaq Cangara / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

The principle of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) was unanimously endorsed in principle during the UN World Summit 2005. The principle reaffirms the state's responsibility in protecting its citizens, as well as proclaims the International responsibility to citizens. The World Summit emphasizes the importance of citizens to be protected from large-scale humanitarian crisis such as genocide, war crimes, Crimes against Humanity, and ethnic cleansing. Responsibilities to provide such protections will shift from the hands of state actors to the International community if states cannot provide the provision of the outlined protections. Since the implementation, invocations of the R2P have been rare and not implemented in cases that fulfill the criteria of the R2P principle. Such issues have led to the derogation of its principles and implementation, marked with a number of primary cases that are related to the R2P, including: (1) lack of clarity in regards to the criteria of “Crimes against Humanity”, (2) prevalence of political interests that occur in the application of the “Just Cause” criteria, and (3) misinterpretation of the Responsibility to Protect. The major cases have proven disastrous, as the issue of not invoking the R2P principle, or the misapplication of the principle, have led to the humanitarian crisis felt by millions of innocent civilians located all over the globe, which urgently required external assistance and protection at that time.

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THE BATTLE FOR REGIONAL DOMINANCE BETWEEN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA AND

Author(s): Valeri Modebadze / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

This article describes the rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia for achieving regional hegemony in the Middle East. Both states have an ambition to be the leader of the Islamic world and there is a constant struggle between them to dominate Middle East and spread their influence in neighboring countries. Both countries fund militant Islamic movements abroad and are engaged in fierce battle for regional dominance. After the establishment of theocratic regime in Iran, the kingdom of Saudi Arabia vehemently opposed Teheran’s ambitions to export revolutions and increase its influence in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia is determined to counter the Iranian revolutionary threat and constantly opposes Teheran’s ambitions to dominate the Arab World. Saudi Arabia and Iran often accuse each other of fueling sectarian violence by backing Shia and Sunni militias in Iraq, Yemen, Syria and Lebanon. Both countries try to avoid direct confrontation with each other. Instead of direct conflict, both sides fight each other indirectly and provide varying degrees of support to different camps in nearby conflicts.

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THE MASS MEDIA AND VIOLENT CONFLICTS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

Author(s): Collins G. Adeyanju / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

Mass media have been a critical weapon of warfare since the cold war, and even more recently, the powerful intrusion of the new media: transformed the landscape in terms of reach and influence. Its role can be both constructive and deconstructive. The Rwanda genocide, armed violence in Nigeria and Kenya, and Balkan wars has questioned its roles, powers and ethical responsibilities in violent conflict circumstances. In these cases the mass media played a poisonous role. Although establishing a causal relationship between mass media and framing of opinion, emotion and beliefs that steams violent conflicts in Sub-Saharan Africa is neither linear nor clear. However, this paper underscores mass media’s compelling influence on how perception in fragile armed conflict environment of Africa is developed. It is not only used as an effective propaganda machine for promoting regime defense, building resistant movement, but also transforming the political actor’s parochial interest into people’s interest.

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THE UNITED NATIONS LEADERSHIP ROLE IN SOLVING THE WESTERN SAHARA CONFLICT: PROGRESS OR DELAYS FOR PEACE?

Author(s): Yasmine Hasnaoui / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

This paper evaluates the United Nations’ (UN) involvement and efforts in Western Sahara, and assesses its perceived effectiveness in settling this conflict in the post-Cold War international order. The dispute in Western Sahara is the most protracted conflict in the history of the UN. Its settlement would provide a crucial platform for the progress of other unresolved conflicts under UN auspices. As a mediator and an intervening party, the UN has played a major role in the dispute, especially since the establishment of the UN Mission for Western Sahara, MINURSO. After outlining the history of the Western Sahara conflict, this paper elucidates the stages the UN has managed therein, and clarifies the reasons and motives behind the deadlock in the Sahara. The UN’s efforts are evaluated, and the negotiating perspectives of the concerned parties in the conflict and role of Algeria, which considers itself not formally part of the conflict despite its role in preserving the current impasse, analyzed.

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TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE: LUSTRATION AND VETTING IN UKRAINE AND GEORGIA

Author(s): Gabriella Gricius / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Many of the world's conflicts today are self-sustaining and ongoing, making the application of transitional justice measures difficult. Particularly in Central and Eastern Europe, namely Georgia and Ukraine, both of which have experienced regime changes in the twenty-first century and implemented lustration and vetting measures - the question of whether or not transitional justice will be successfully utilized is very much still under debate. My research explores the relationship between lustration and vetting policies and corruption in Ukraine and Georgia. Past studies of corruption in these countries have focused the extent of state exploitation of the forms through which corruption is expressed such as political appointments, and protection from prosecution. This research, by contrast, aims to study the relationship that corruption has with the particular transitional justice measure of lustration and vetting.

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JOURNALISTIC ETHICS DURING THE 2019 ROMANIAN PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN. A METHODOLOGY PROPOSAL

Author(s): Sînziana Maria Jurău / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The article presents a methodological proposal for the study of journalistic ethics during the 2019 Romanian presidential campaign. In order to do so, the article discusses the most relevant ethical provisions, enshrined in the Ethical Code, that were adopted in 2009 by the majority of the Romanian media outlets. The methodological challenges are presented and assessed, along with potential solutions that could mitigate the risks of errors of the assessment.

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POPULISTS ON SOCIAL MEDIA A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN RIGHT-WING PARTIES, MOVEMENTS AND NEWS SITES ON FACEBOOK

Author(s): Rémi Almodt / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The new media have shaped the public sphere in several ways. Not only online did political discourse and political marketing change in form and content, but also the places and the ways of communication have changed. One channel, that experienced the most drastic and dynamic changes is the online environment. Social networking sites have combined a multitude of functions and offer users an interactive experience, to get access to all kinds of information, including public sphere, political sphere and traditional media. In the context of recent election results and political events in different European countries, this work tries to examine the way social media is used by right-wing populists in order to promote political ideas and values. Therefore, a data set of around 16,000 Facebook posts from Germany, Austria, France and the United Kingdom were analyzed and compared, in order to present. It furthermore examines the form and type of content used, in order to determine, whether right-wing populists in Europe share a similar agenda, similar strategies and a common narrative, when it comes to topics.

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BEING A JOURNALIST IN THE COMMUNIST PRESS OF THE '60s IN ROMANIA. THE ACTIVITY OF ION BRAD FOR SCÂNTEIA TINERETULUI (1960-1962)

Author(s): Mihai Cistelican / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Author Ion Brad lived most of his life under the Communist regime, starting his career when the Communist system was founded in Romania and retiring in 1989, when the totalitarian system was abolished. This present study aims at analyzing the articles which author and journalist Ion Brad had published for one of the most prominent newspapers during the Communist regime in Romania, in the '60s, Scânteia tineretului. Directed especially at young people but not only, the newspaper reveals the various practices of the Communist state to impose on the collective minds. We have chosen this particular publication and this period of time in Ion Brad's activity because this is when, in our opinion, he did the most intense work in the political journalism. As an author, he wrote hundreds of articles and tens of books in the cultural field. This study can also be helpful for further research on the political issues approached in Scânteia tineretului or even on economic issues, in which one can analyze the reports about the construction of various towns in Romania under the Communist regime.

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DIASPORA AND IDENTITY IN THE DIGITAL AGE: CULTURAL COMMUNITIES AND THE NATION

Author(s): Vandana Pednekar-Magal / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The following article is based on a keynote speech on Diaspora and Identity in the digital age. Cultural Communities and the Nation delivered at Media Culture Days at the College of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, on May 17, 2019

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MEDIA REPRESENTATION OF THE PROTESTS AGAINST THE G20 2017 SUMMIT. AN ANALYSIS OF THE GERMAN MEDIA

Author(s): Anna Theobaldt / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

In 2017 Germany has had the presidency of the G20 and organised the annual summit between the 7th to the 8th of July. The chosen location for this event was Hamburg, and it was disputed because of the high difficulties to secure the city accordingly to the security requirements. Police from all around Germany were positioned in Hamburg for the days of the summit to protect the city from the rioters. The first protests that took place were rather peaceful and without major crimes, however starting with the „Welcome to Hell“ demonstration on Thursday, the 6th of July, rioters began throwing glass bottles, burning down cars and aggressing the police. But this is only one side of the truth. Peaceful protestors were also aggressed by the police . In this article we intend to analyse if the ethical reporting standards were respected by the German media, in their coverage of the G20 summit protests.

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Artistic Memorialization of the Roma Holocaust in Romania

Author(s): Caterina Preda / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2019

Although the Roma Holocaust in Romania has been documented, and there is an officialpolicy to recall this historical fact, its memory is marginal in contemporary Romaniansociety. This article analyzes four recent examples of art of memorialization of the RomaHolocaust in Romania and argues these artistic forms of memory play an important role inthe building of a more comprehensive public memory of the Porrajmos. The analysis usesan interdisciplinary approach, which combines theoretical resources that belong to the studyof cultural memory with a focus on artistic memory, and the analysis of the relationshipbetween art, politics, and memory. The examples of artistic memorialization have two aims:to render visible the historical trauma through the use of testimonies of the survivors and toprovide further documentary sources of this historical trauma.

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Modern European Separatism: the Role of the European Union and Wealth

Author(s): Veselin Vasilev / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The article is aimed at the change of the separatist discourse from ethnic self-determination to secession based on public spending and wealth redistribution. Further, it aims to explain the role of the European Union, its legislation and politics, in these processes amongst its Member States. Besides establishing that such role is both increasing and diminishing separatist tendencies due to the Single Market, legislation on regions or siding with Member States against secession, the article argues that the paradigm may change yet again to the notions of human rights, citizenship and immigration, due to the stall of economic secessionist aspirations.

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Pakt senacki jako strategia polskich partii demokratycznych w wyborach parlamentarnych 2019–2023

Author(s): Jakub Kuźniarski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2024

In 2019, the parties representing the Polish democratic opposition, decided to conclude an informal agreement before the parliamentary elections, called the Senate Pact. This agreement not only increased the chances of gaining an advantage over the ruling party in the Senate of the Republic of Poland, but also – was successfully repeated before the next elections. The author of the article points out that the Senate pact is a completely new and at the same time thoroughly thought-out handout of the democratic opposition, which brought the expected results. He also makes a characterization of the rule of Law and Justice in 2015–2023, which was the main reason for the establishment of the agreement. The thesis of this paper is the statement of the impact of the Senate pact on the advantage of democratic political groups in the parliamentary elections for the Polish Senate. The hypothesis adopted, on the other hand, assumes that prior to the establishment of the Senate pact, there was a real threat of the Law and Justice party’s use of the so-called “legislative express”, which led to the implementation of important laws that hooked on the amendment of the Constitution or harmful bills that were questionable in terms of legal legality. The research method used in the article is descriptive and predictive. Because the subject of the establishment of the Senate pact and its analysis as a novelty in Polish politics, is a relatively new phenomenon, not many scientific studies have yet been written that exhaust the subject of the impact of the agreement on parliamentary elections.

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“Politics of memory” in Poland in the first half of the 21st Century: Historical narratives, challenges and disputes. A case study

Author(s): Przemysław Łukasik / Language(s): English Issue: 58/2024

The aim of the article is to present the specifics of Polish memory policy at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries and to trace the most important threads of the discourse surrounding it. The aim of the author is to characterize the conditions of continuation and modifications, and, above all, the challenges facing the Polish historical narrative. The research method used in analysis was the case study. The shaping of Polish politics of memory in the last three decades has been the result of many factors, including the post-communist nature of the state, the dispute over its role in narrating history, the Polish-Russian conflict over memory, the discourse on Polish-Jewish wartime relations, the internationalization of Polish historical narrative, as well as the “memory boom” and the development of public diplomacy. All the factors mentioned above influence the content of the Polish historical narrative. The Polish historical narrative, as in the case of many countries, includes a path of narrative about freedom and the presentation of the greatest scientific and cultural achievements. Regardless of the content of the Polish historical narrative, its greatest challenge is the asymmetry of knowledge about Polish past beyond its borders, not only in the context of losses suffered during World War II.

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