Anticiganizmus ako bariéra k inklúzii Rómov

Author(s): Milan Hrabovský / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Problematika anticiganizmu rastie na význame. Aj povrchnejší pohľad na rôzne štúdie a materiály vytvárané na pôde Európskej únie poukazuje na – nazvime to isté zdesenie, že v európskych spoločnostiach existuje skupina ľudí, ktorých životné podmienky vykazujú vysokú mieru chudoby, nedostatku a núdze. Život v tzv. „osadách“, v situácii biedy, chudoby, negramotnosti, nedostatku hygieny a katastrofálnych podmienok bývania, znamená, že už nečelíme iba problému na úrovni osobnej skúsenosti, ale na úrovni celej spoločnosti. Snahy o ucelené riešenie tejto situácie však opakovane zlyhávajú.

Vplyv orientalizmu vo vede a v politike na spolunažívanie Rómov s majoritnou spoločnosťou

Author(s): Vesselin Popov,Elena Marushiakova / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

V uplynulých desaťročiach zaznamenal koncept orientalizmu Edwarda Saida (1978) hlboký transformačný vplyv na celý sektor spoločenských vied a humanitných odborov. Podľa jedného zo základných princípov tohto konceptu novodobá západná (post-koloniálna) veda zaujato interpretuje Východ pohľadom zvonka, keďže v skutočnosti neskúma samotný predmet výskumu, ale svoje vlastné predstavy o ňom. Koncept orienta lizmu bol jednými autormi prijatý nadšene, inými kriticky. Kniha Edwarda Saida však napriek kritike inšpirovala sériu prác o rôznych regiónoch a národoch vrátane prehodnotenia postojov voči menšinám či dokonca voči vlastnému ľudu (Buchowski, 2006: 463 – 482). V tejto súvislosti sa v západnej antropológii za posledných približne 20 rokov uskutočnil určitý druh kolektívnej introspekcie a seba reflexie, ktorý možno obrazne nazvať nemeckým pojmom „Vergangeheitsbewältigung“, koloniálnej minulosti disciplíny a prehodnotenie metód tendenčnej politickej analýzy cudzích kultúr, ich interpretácií a zdôvodňovania (Scheffel, 1993: 21 – 28).

Segregovaní Rómovia a zdravotné politiky:

Author(s): Andrej Belák / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Od roku 2004 skúmam, ako, prečo a ktorí konkrétni aktéri môžu prispievať k výraznému nepomeru v zdraví medzi segregovanými Rómami a Nerómami na Slovensku. Vo viacerých ohľadoch ide od počiatku o projekt otvorene zameraný a inšpirovaný biomedicínsky. Pod „nepomerom v zdraví“ rozumiem rozdiely v „zdravotnom stave“, t. j. v parametroch, prostredníctvom ktorých zdravie vymedzuje práve „vedecká medicína“. Svoj predpoklad, že tento nepomer u nás existuje, zakladám najmä na plošných zberoch publikovaných podľa biomedicínskych štandardov. Z inej biomedicínskej literatúry preberám teoretický konsenzus o tom, ako je možné, že podobné rozdiely vôbec vznikajú.

Emické vnímanie úžery v segregovaných rómskych osadách na východnom Slovensku

Author(s): Tomáš Hrustič / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Materiál pre túto štúdiu som získal počas stacionárneho terénneho výskumu v segregovanej rómskej osade na východnom Slovensku v rokoch 2005 – 2006. Tento výskum síce nebol zameraný primárne na ekonomické a finančné správanie, avšak pri celkovej každodennej etnografii v danej komunite som sa pochopiteľne nevyhol ani iným témam, z ktorých – vzhľadom na chudobu a úsilie vyžiť z minima – bola kľúčová práve téma finančného správania sa. A keďže obyvatelia tejto rómskej osady neustále zápasili s konštantným nedostatkom financií, požičiavanie si, často na vysoký úrok, bolo pre mnohých každomesačnou realitou. Moju analýzu opieram najmä o výskum z tejto konkrétnej osady, no počas nasledujúcich rokov a výskumov som sa s fenoménom úžery parciálne stretával ďalej aj v iných lokalitách, čo mi umožnilo reflektovať mechanizmy úžery aj v širšej rovine.

Etnické stereotypy ako zdroje vtipov o Rómoch

Author(s): Arne Mann / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Od politickej zmeny v našej spoločnosti uplynulo už viac ako štvrťstoročie. Dôsledky novej politickej orientácie a ekonomickej transformácie po roku 1989 viedli k viacerým zmenám v sociálnej diferenciácii obyvateľstva, pričom sa prehĺbili rozdiely medzi jednotlivými vrstvami spoločnosti. Rómovia, ktorí už po niekoľko storočí predstavovali marginalizovanú skupinu obyvateľstva, sa – najmä po strate zamestnania – dostali do novej spoločenskej izolácie (Radičová, 2002: 84 – 91; Podoba, 2009: 579 – 581). Táto nová situácia sa premietla aj do zhoršenia medzietnických vzťahov, predovšetkým vo vzťahu majoritného obyvateľstva voči Rómom, na čo upozornilo viacero autorov (Vašečka, 2002a: 335 – 351; Puliš, 2002a: 413 – 442, 2002b: 445 – 473; Džambazovič, Jurásková, 2002: 527 – 563; Jurásková, 2002: 393 – 412).

Balkanistika a makedonistika v díle Bohuslava Havránka

Author(s): Ivan Dorovský / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Dvacetileté období mezi dvěma světovými válkami bylo pro poznání Makedonie, makedonské lidové slovesné tvorby, makedonských nářečí, dějin, zeměpisu i sociálních poměrů, tzv. makedonské otázky a tudíž také vzájemných česko-slovensko-makedonských a česko-slovensko-jihoslovanských kulturních styků velmi významné. Tvoří samostatnou etapu. V desetiletích 1918–1939 došlo mj. k rozvoji vzájemných hospodářských, politických a kulturních styků a vztahů také mezi ostatními slovanskými národy.

Makedonské regionální skupiny. Problémy klasifikace, etnonym a kolektivních identit

Author(s): Helena Bočková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The author deals with the history and present situation of Macedonian regional ethnocultural groups. She compares the studies on these topics in the Macedonian national ethnology with the studies in the Czech, Slovak and Bulgarian ethnology. For the regional groups the ethnology used and uses variety of terms, which differ in the diverse national traditions, and all of them have their own historical development. The shift of various terms (tribe, ethnographic group, subethnical group, regional group, ethnocultural group, ethnic group) is accompanied by a change in the interpretation. The conception of regional groups as ethnic subgroups leads nowadays to a new interest in them. Regional groups are delimited by a collective identity, an awareness of dissimilarity and by an ethnonym. Nowhere on the Earth they are a nation, they are smaller than a nation, they differ in a specific characteristic from the surroundings and geographically they cover the area from several localities to a macroregion. On the Balkans their main features are incoherence caused by the migration and heterogeneity caused by the Balkan‘s multiethnicity and multiculturality. Hence these groups were not of the same importance in a cultural characteristic of the regions in the Balkan countries as e.g. in Moravia. In multiethnic Macedonia, one or two regional groups, several ethnic minorities and members of the majority usually lived next to each other. Among the Macedonian regional groups we count particularly Torbeshes and Gorani in the large region of Sharr Mountains, who differ mainly in a religious way (Islam), while they keep a genetic language affinity with their parent ethnic group. On the basis of ethnonym, identity and language and culture specifics four other groups can be delimited: Brsjaks, Mijaks, Shopi, Mrvaks. During the 20th century a majority of these groups was split by new political borders into the new Balkan states. The identities of the members of the regional groups were made complicated by a spreading of modern national identities: the regional and national identities either became hierarchical or they got into a conflict. They were also influenced by national agitations from outside. Therefore some of these groups or parts of them consider themselves or they are considered as Bulgarian, Serbian or Albanian. On the multiethnic Central Balkans individuals or parts of the regional groups chose and choose various strategies of determination their identities.

Град и наследства: градът-разказ, сцена, културен пейзаж

Author(s): Valentina Ganeva-Raycheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents a field research discourse on the city as a territory. The analysis is based on the thesis that the territory and the heritage are not given a priori, but they are an essential part of the activities of the local communities and state policies for construction, valorization and instrumentalization of resources. The paper presents not only particular objects, considered as a heritage, but the city as a territory that is inherited. The field of the inheritance is enlarging from the undeniable heritage (the historical center with UNESCO sign) to the places and neighborhoods, defined as distinctive for certain type of space, as well as those, valorized as a way of life. Particular consideration is given to the practices and the creation of heritage sites that emphasis on the problem about the city as a stage of cultural activities, human relationships and interaction with the environment (the urban landscape).

Субкултурни начини на живот в гр. Пловдив

Author(s): Vihra Barova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This article aims to present the first results of an anthropological fieldwork carried out in 2012 in the city of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. The investigation studies youth subcultures in times of transition. The main carrier of the subculture nowadays is the generation of those born in the late 80's and early 90's. This generation builds its identity in the years of political and economic transition and faces problems that are unknown to the previous generations. The main research interest is focused on the stylistic orientations, ideologies, norms of behavior, and political beliefs of the post-transitional generation.

Запознаване, усвояване и предаване на фолклорното знание в училищния проект "Аспарухово - бъдеще за фолклорния свят"

Author(s): Zornitsa Prandzheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This research examines one unusual perspective towards the preservation of the cultural heritage through the Bulgarian educational system. It traces the possible mechanisms for inheritance and identification, that relate to the opportunity given to the children to get to know their roots (through fieldwork expeditions), to preserve the knowledge of their own ethnic community (and to become its heralds) and to pass it on to their coevals. The article examines the fact whether it is possible to give an opportunity to familiarise the children with their ethnicity, to preserve their knowledge of it and become heralds of the folklore knowledge, through projects in the realm of education. This research presents one practical attempt in the village of Asparuhovo, to find the answer of the above question. It reviews how the folklore is present in the "Asparuhovo - Future of the Folklore World" school project, what environment it creates, what it means for the participants and how important is it in the educational process. It defends the proposition, that after taking part in it the students change their understanding of the ethnic knowledge and have a basis for a different type of identification.

Jung a francuska szkoła wyobrażenia: Gaston Bachelard i Gilbert Durand

Author(s): Jean-Jacques Wunenburger / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Gilberta Duranda czytanie Bachelarda. Antropologiczne struktury wyobraźni

Author(s): Ilona Błocian / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Labin ili izvedba undergrounda kao jedan od modusa otpora izolaciji/periferiji

Author(s): Suzana Marjanić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Using the example of the town of Labin in Istria, I demonstrate how isolation, the so-called periphery, can also serve as an expression of resistance in a cultural niche. The collective Labin Art Express (L.A.E., initiated by Dean Zahtila, late Krešimir Farkaš, Graziano Kršić) is the initiator of the fundamental L.A.E. project Underground City XXI ‒ independent underground Labin cultural city as an alternative to the existing above-ground, heteronomous Labin, i.e. the creation of a real city 150 m below the earth’s surface ‒ in underground halls and tunnels, carved in solid rock, connecting Labin, Raša, Plomin and Rabac, with streets, bars, galleries, swimming pools, playgrounds for children, shops, restaurants, the Museum of Mining and Industry of Istria. Thereby we can compare Labin in terms of urbanity and anthropology with the town of Katowice, which in 2018 was selected to host the most significant UN Climate Change Conference, following the 2015 Paris Agreement. Katowice were chosen as one of Europe’s most polluted sites due to the exploitation of coal i.e. the transition of the aforementioned town from a mining and industrial site to a modern industrial, economical, technological and cultural centre.

Product life-cycle – problems of product planned obsolescence and fast fashion

Author(s): Magdalena Stefańska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an idea according to which enterprises take responsibility for the effects of their activities and undertake actions aimed at reducing negative effects and improving quality of life of a broadly understood group of stakeholders. In turn, marketing is a concept according to which all activities of enterprises are undertaken with the intention of satisfying consumer needs in the best possible way—by creating and modifying products and services. It would seem that they both—CSR and marketing, share the same goal—providing value to consumers in order to improve their quality of life. However, it can be seen that there is a whole scope of activities under the marketing instruments that primarily serve only to intensify sales. This would not raise any major objections if not for the fact that the occurrence of the demand for restitution is accelerated due to the planned shortening of the product life-cycle. This is in contradiction with the idea of CSR and sustainable development as well as sustainable consumption. So why is it a practice that does not cause widespread outrage and resistance from buyers? And how should it be dealt with? Two widely implemented strategies of manufacturers and retailers are described in that chapter: the 1st one is planned product obsolescence, the second—fast fashion. Retail chains follow the fast fashion trend—offering customers short, frequently changing product lines. However, seeing the effects of this type of strategies, it is possible to undertake a number of activities aimed at reducing the negative effects of these actions.

INTERMEZZO: RECURSUL LA METODĂ: URÂTUL, DE LA BAU-BAU, LA SHREK. ȚIGANIADA, O NOUĂ CUNOAȘTERE/RECUNOAȘTERE

Author(s): Vasile Ionescu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

We have selected some revealing quotes for the evolution and involution of the aesthetics of the ugly (as Evil), always associated with the barbarian, the savage, the primitive. The selection took into account the paradigmatic moments of history and the radical changes that took place. The preoccupation of the Baroque, as a refinement of man (Christian), was the pedagogical distinction between animalitas and humanitas, between biological and cultural, the search for unity between the physical and metaphysical aspect of man, between the civilization of the word (writing) and the primitivism of orality (voice). The Baroque foreshadowed the emergence of a new model of reference to universal values and national specificity, as Freedom, even if still opposed to libertinism and anarchy, and in Enlightenment and Modernity

Curating fields of memory. Reflections on "Forgotten Force. Polish Women in Second World War" project

Author(s): Olga Topol / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

During the Second World War hundreds of thousands of Poles were displaced because of the worldwide conflict. Many of those who lost their homes were women and children – after going through an ordeal of Soviet Gulags, they came to live in the United Kingdom. The paper follows an oral history project by the Piłsudski Institute of London which aimed to give voice to the women survivors who found themselves settling down in London after the war. This article demonstrates the practice of oral history, illustrating the strengths and weaknesses of the project by describing its multidisciplinary character.

TRANSFORMATION OF MICRO-AND MACRO-WORLDS AT THE TIME OF POSTSOCIALISM

Author(s): Soňa Lutherová G. / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The recent period of over twenty years since the Velvet Revolution has seen, in the Central-European and specifically in the Slovak context, a rapid change of living conditions - socio-cultural, economic and material ones. This transformation had its specific forms not only when comparing the different postsocialist countries, but also across regions and social segments (Podoba 2007: 6). Social changes have occurred from the micro-level up to the macro-level. People in the role of actors and bearers of transformations, or vice versa, of their passive observers “driven” by external circumstances were more or less able to adapt themselves and their acts and strategies to the new living conditions. This contribution deals with the fundamental features of the social change defined by the period of postsocialism in the context of changes in the urban environment in Slovakia. The key issue of this chapter is the question in what way was the transformation of society reflected in the everyday lives of individuals.

Social Dimensions of Roma Marginalization

Author(s): Romana Oneţ / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper aims to analyze aspects of Roma marginalization, by identifying and assessing the dimensions of social needs within a compact Roma community, located in a marginalized urban area. The effects of the economic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic increase inequalities regarding the economic and social situation. The major challenge is to reduce the risk of poverty, especially among families with children, people with disabilities and chronic diseases, but also the social exclusion of people at social risk, based on accurate measurements of social phenomena. The community profile indicates the social status of the inhabitants, which provides a picture of the degree of marginalization and social exclusion of Roma. Thus, the study was conducted by constructing a questionnaire as a research tool, which summarizes the results of the activity of information collection and processing, both based on statistical methods and percentage analysis. The problems faced by marginalized Roma communities are low participation in education, early school leaving, difficult transition to tertiary education, lack of adult skills, low skills among vulnerable people in the labor market, low access to services, poor health and housing. Measures for early detection of situations of social risk and intervention lead to positive effects in preventing marginalization and social exclusion.

Ştergare din regiunea Dunării de Jos: tradiţii şi inovaţii

Author(s): Viaceslav G. Kushnir / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Culturii etnice îi este proprie varietatea, caracteristică care este rezultatul acţiunii diverşilor factori. Este un proces natural al dezvoltării unui anume popor (ethnos). Totodată, fiecare variantă reprezintă o creaţie unică, întrucât aceasta se formează în condiţii specifice unui anume areal. Regiunea Dunării de Jos s-a constituit într-o arie transfrontalieră, pluriculturală şi multietnică din vremuri îndepărtate. Asemenea regiuni sunt numeroase în lume, însă zona Dunării de Jos este deosebită tocmai datorită faptului că este divizată de o mare „barieră” naturală – fluviul Dunărea.

Financial management in supply chain as cross-cultural competence

Author(s): Anna Bruska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Global character of supply chains imposes on its participants contacts in highly differentiated cultural context. Culturally-led background of business models results in different practices in everyday management of operations in supply chains, among others also in differences in financial management. To be prepared for the cooperation in other cultural milieu, supply chain managers need to be aware of those differences, and to acquire the cross-cultural competence in the financial domain.Three mains culturally formed models of supply chain financing: Chinese, Muslim and European need to be understand and cross-culturally applied to enhance the ability of supply chain managers to support successfully in the international exchange. The text aims to describe the aforementioned models and to explain its consequences for supply chain financing.