What Makes People Good or Bad? (Mis)Anthropological Essay on Searching for Social/ Cultural Reasons on Judging the Other People
social cognisance, judging and labelling in culture, urban neighbourhood, Belgrade, misanthropology
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social cognisance, judging and labelling in culture, urban neighbourhood, Belgrade, misanthropology
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his article draws on a socio-anthropological research, which questions the effects of managerial discourse on the individual by considering experiences of workplace bullying. It studies the observation that despite the gap between what management says and what management does, words of managerial discourse are still widely used, by managers and employees alike. French philosopher, ethnologist and psychoanalyst Octave Mannoni (1899-1989), reworking Freud’s concept of fetishism, showed in an article entitled “I know very well, but nonetheless…” that a belief can survive the denial (disavowal) of reality. Recognizing fantasy as a fantasy is not sufficient to reduce its power over the individual. Based on a case study, the present article demonstrates that the paradoxical logic phrased by Octave Mannoni can help us understand how managerial discourse can exercise its influence on individuals, despite discrepancies between what is said and what is implemented in the organisations. It presents the hypothesis that words can work as “masks” do in some traditional tribes, thus being the means supporting a belief that sustains management authority.
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Ratzinger shows a deep appreciation for Saint Augustine, the one among the Church Fathers who is known for his work on the interior, emotional world of man’s experience. He draws on the reflections of the renown 20th century psychologist Albert Görres and cites the works of C.G. Jung. By defending the truth about the creation, Ratzinger defends the meaning of the human psyche. Combining both psychological and theological research, he turns the reader’s direction to the reality of human sin and guilt, emphasizing the healing power of faith, prayer and the sacraments. Ratzinger also expresses his concern for people with mental disabilities, who he views as the privileged children of the Creator. He encourages mental hygiene and stresses how, when treated as a priority, the sacrament can have a positive infl uence on the mental well being of any person. He stresses the specifi cs of theology, which cannot be reduced to a science. Above all, the author emphasizes the truth about Christ, who brings salvation to humankind. Salvation cannot be attained through psychological means, without God, who is identified as the construction point of human existence.
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In this article the Author proves existence of an intrinsic and inseparable connection between anthropology and ecclesiology. The necessity of the Church as a community of believers can be demonstrated not only by the will of God explicitly expressed in the Holy Scriptures, but also by an anthropological analyses of the very nature of man, who is a social being opened towards God and towards other human beings. In the first part of the article, referring to a long philosophical tradition dating back to pre-Christian times and ending in the modern era, the Author illustrates by many examples the social dimension of human nature deliberately ignoring the biblical data and the teaching of the Magisterium. In the second part, he shows how the Conciliar teaching on the human person based on the Revelation remains in harmony with philosophical, anthropological and scientific arguments depicting human person as a relational (social) being. In the third part of the article, the Author demonstrates the correlation of the Conciliar teaching on the Church as community with anthropological data. The necessity of the Church can be justified not only by the authority of God (Revelation), but also by reflecting on the man’s nature (anthropology). Individualistic conception of faith, to which the Second Vatican Council wanted to react by its ecclesiology of communion, not only does not correspond to the biblical teaching, but also runs counter to the rational thinking on the human person who, in the light of diff erent sciences, is a relational being.
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This article presents a case study of Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedel syndrome. The main objectives of this research are to underline the developmental features and to propose an assessment and intervention approach focused on speech and language therapy in the situation of this rare syndrome. Results demonstrated that an adequate assessment, focused on basic concepts and a specific individualized intervention approach can ensure functional development even if the pathology is complex.
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The development of literacy for the visually impaired children constitutes the cornerstone of education. Many researchers noted that there are visually impaired children who might have some difficulties in learning to read and write in Braille. That is why, in this article we will try to describe these difficulties.First of all, we will try to define and understand the language difficulties, namely dyslexia and dysgraphia. Secondly, we will try to make a short presentation of the Braille system. We will then go on with the analysis of some types of errors which are frequently observed in case of visually impaired children, but we will also discuss some possible stages of correcting them.Moreover, this article also contains a practical section, in which we will present a case study of a visually impaired girl who studies in the High school for the Visually Impaired Children from Cluj-Napoca. In this case study, we will explain the therapy applied to help her overcome these difficulties.
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he focus of this article is on aphasia, establishing the main assessing and intervention directions after stoke (cerebrovascular accident- CVA). The approach is formulated starting from a theoretical background which states the main causes of aphasia and the main language and speech features in aphasic persons. A case study report reflects in a practical way the specificity of the speech and language therapy approach, underlining the importance of team work in order to ensure relevant progresses in this context.
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Speech and language communication has different characteristics in hearing impaired persons. This article presents the most important aspects of communication in the hearing impairment context. Specific vowels articulation disorders in children with hearing impairment are discussed. Different methods and procedures used in speech and language therapy are presented: visual aids, dactilems, vocals prolongation, short vocals emission, short vowels emission in open syllables and closed syllables, diphthongs and triphtongs pronunciation. Individual needs are highlighted in a case study report, by choosing the best speech and language therapy methods and procedures when working with persons with hearing impairment.
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This study presents the results of reading fluency ability in five first grade students as measured with PEAFC (Probe for Assessing and Training Reading Fluency). The first evaluation was made in the beginning of the school year, in September 2014, and the second evaluation was seven months later, in April, 2015. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in reading fluency for all the participants. PEAFC helps the teacher or the therapist to monitor the progress and to present the progress the students made to the students and to the parents. The results can be presented in a graphic for a better understanding.
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Semantic networks are used in enhancing verbal and cognitive development for students, before engaging in the study of a certain topic. They can also be used as a way to summarize the content of a lesson, as a technique of making new associations or of representing new meanings. When teaching literacy to hearing impaired students the most difficult aspects are the understanding the meaning of the words, building sentences and enriching the vocabulary.
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There are studies that underscore the presence of swallowing disorders the in pediatric area, especially among children with disabilities. One of the most common causes of this occurrence are neurological disorders such as children with moderate and severe cerebral palsy. Swallowing disorders can have a significant impact on their development and general health. Reduced nutritional intake accompanied by deceleration weight, prolonged feeding, and especially respiratory complications, which are the major cause of premature mortality, are just some of the arguments that stress the importance of early intervention. The American Speech-Language-Hearing-Association (ASHA) reveals the important role of a speech therapist in the interdisciplinary team in initiating a specific intervention, in the context of the particular swallowing disorder. Based on these assumptions the purpose of this paper is to illustrate the particularities of a speech therapist’s intervention in the context of swallowing disorders in children with cerebral palsy. This shall begin with the steps of an assessment and a specific intervention focus on the use of sensorimotor therapy, including the counseling of the child's family into the implementation of correct posture during swallowing, and the main maneuvers to facilitate swallowing.
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Contemporary literature in managament and psychology offers numerous conflict definitions, various theories and different concepts. Conflicts at work are also a very popular and frequently analyzed subject, which is especially liked by foreign authors. Yet, the relevance of the present study in Lithuania is defined by a pioneering narrative analysis based on the experience of the people who left their jobs due to the conflicts they had to deal with. The present study features a qualitative research, the goal of which is to describe and analyze the narratives of former employees who left their jobs due to conflicts at work. The narrative analysis method, which is based on the model of Kellet and Dalton (2001) conflicts‘ narrative analysis structure (interpreting and quality of dialogue and negotiation, interpreting narrative and conflict dynamics, interpreting representations of Self, other , and context) was employed in order to achieve the goal. 7 informants participated in the research, all of whom were 23-to-38-year-old women. The collection of the narratives was followed by the analysis of the collected data. The analysis revealed that people who abandon their employment places due to conflicts experience the stages in a predicted sequence. The people noticed the first signs of conflict in their close work environment; the original reasons for leaving jobs were rather diverse; all the former employees felt continuous anxiety during the period between the primary indications of conflict until the leaving of the job; most of the people went through the delitescence stage of the conflict, only the duration of this stage differed; all the former employees refused to change their values, they chose to leave their jobs; finally, all the former employees who left their jobs due to conflicts at work eventually achieved positive results. Thus, based on the obtained results, it is possible to make a conclusion that people who leave their jobs because of conflicts at work, experience diverse emotions and at first apply smoothing strategy during the deitescence stage of the conflict. Later they use restatement, compensatory or pressure tactics in order to achieve certain changes, but they are not successful. Then they use act of retribution-leaving the job.
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Discrimination is described as a psychological violence in the organization that is directed against a group or separate people that belong to this group, understanding them as hostile and intolerable. These are changed, unhealthy relations that damage the dignity of a personality. In the society discrimination is understood as negative, shameful phenomenon. That is why the identification of discrimination in employee relations can have a preventive meaning and the leader acquires the right to find the solution for the problem and take correct decisions. Analysing the bibliography it becomes clear that discrimination that is evaluated through the prism of work relations is gender, social group, national etc discrimination, that is why for pointing out the dysfunctional relations and the term discrimination in work relations is used. Discrimination in employee relation- is processes that take place inside the organization between the employees. The main features of discrimination in employee relations are: exclusion of group or people that belong to this group because of the difference they have, negative perception, social isolation, oppression. Employees are divided into groups according to physical, cultural; psychological features. Negatively viewed minority can become anyone who according to the ones in power or majority can be described negatively. Discrimination on a work place is understood as a complex of measures that are active for a long time and that evoke constant discomfort, stress, sufferings, and psychological pain. Discrimination as a dysfunction of employee relations is called violence that is used to frighten the victim, separate and throw out of the organization, because the ones who discriminate the victim think about it as dangerous to them and to the organization. The damage that is done to the victim, the psychological pain, and social separation is evaluated as aggression and violence. The analysis of the discrimination processes as dysfunctional, confusion evoking relations would not be profitable, if these processes would be evaluated separately from the factors that influence them. The battle against the discrimination in the relations of the employees begins from the mess in the relations of the employees, the understanding and naming the factors that cause it. Prejudices and stereotypes create the "boogie men" that are schematized reflection of the society values and fears. In the tension field called "acceptedhostile", where the instincts of self-defend increase the wish to decrease the real or suspected danger "pushing it out" of the organization borders. In this case dysfunctional and confusion arousing relations, that are influenced by discrimination factor together become a mean of fighting, that we call discriminationpsychological or physical. Prejudices and stereotypes humiliate the dignity and value of a person. They are influenced by latent society processes that have the shades of human values and psychological reasons. Prejudices and stereotypes are based on ideology and tradition, which in the conciseness of the individual create the image of stability and completeness, which cause evaluation problems. Prejudices and stereotypes as factors of discriminative factors of the relations between employees would be not enough to connect only with ethnic group, culture or gender. It is necessary to pay the attention to the fact that any prejudices and stereotypes that are connected to the individuality is a negative understanding of a person. That is why all this creates more flexible attitude towards discrimination in the relations of the employees. The main assumptions used to test the respondents’ stereotypical way of thinking were as follows: “Women are worse managers than men because their decisions are ruled by emotions”, “A gypsy would never make a good employee because work ethic is alien to his/her culture” and “We can often hear jokes made at the expense of blondes, the Jews and the Chukchi here”. The decision was made to analyze the respondents’ answers (approvals and/or disapprovals) by grouping the respondents according to their demographic characteristics: sex, age and education. The outcome was unexpected: firstly, women themselves admit that women managers are not as competent as men managers because women base their decisions on emotions; secondly, while assessing the integration of the Roma into organizations, women are much more critical than men in that respect; thirdly, women tell derogatory jokes about women, nationalities, etc a bit more often than men do.
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This article describes the results obtained in a pilot study addressing dyspraxia in the speech and language field in Romania. The main objectives of this study is to establish if dyspraxia is a frequent diagnosis in speech and language therapy, to underline if this diagnosis is just a specifier in a wider range of disorders or disabilities and to underline if there is a need to address this diagnosis during the initial training and continuous professional development for Romanian speech and language therapists. Results proved that there are no differences in approaching this diagnosis in our country comparing with data from abroad, except regarding the need for speech and language specialists initial training and continuous professional development in this specific area.
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Persuasive - communicational and cathartic valences of the voice in psychotherapy and in vocal euphony.This study focuses on five theoretical, methodological and practical problems from the area ofmelotherapeutic mediation psychotherapies: the impact of the emotional state upon the voice; thetherapeutic persuasive-communicational valences of the voice; the emotional-cathartic valences of the voice in melotherapy; the eurythmics – a contemporary model of connection between movement, rhythm and sound; the therapeutic valences of vocal euphony. The insistence is on the efficiency of these approaches in the case of persons in difficulty due to illness or disability.
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he speech intelligibility degree of the hearing impaired children speech varies widely, from completely incomprehensible to almost functional. Although a number of studies have documented typical speech disorders of the hearing impaired children compared with hearing children.Most of these studies have been limited to the analysis of perceptual errors of type phonetic and phonological. In recent years of the digital technology has greatly increased the efficiency of speech acoustics study, which may provide more precise details than perceptual analysis regarding timing and frequency distribution of acoustic energy into individual segments of speech
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Past investigations demonstrated that the acoustical environment is a critical factor in communication,regardless whether it refers to adults or children, normally developed or with different types of disabilities.This study examines several acoustical microbarriers, such as: noise, reverberation and speaker-listener distance, and the impact of these variables on the speech perception abilities of both children with hearing loss and children with normal hearing.From a practical standpoint, we discussed several methods for eliminating some of these communication barriers, such as improving the acoustical environment in the classroom and managing student’s behavior.The study also presents some of the effects of the acoustical environment on the children’s academic achievement, as well as behavior when speech perception is compromised, ending with suggestions on using smart technology applications for monitoring the noise level hence the student’s behavior in the classroom.
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This article presents some computer assisted / unassisted models of intervention and av prototype computer program designed for training of children with severe dyscalculia. Thecase study reveals the need for complex long-term intervention for these pupils.
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The article is devoted to formation of personal qualities of the future teachers in the homogenous space, “university – museum”, which is created through the use of educational opportunities of the museum as a cultural institution, as well as through the new approach to the historical and cultural evaluation of the material that is taught. The author explains the phenomenon of “muzeyefikatsiya obrazovaniya”. The article presents the characteristics of a would-be teacher, reveals the essence of Pedagogy subject in the teaching program for students of pedagogical specialties using museum resources and “muzeyefikatsiya obrazovaniya”. The author discusses experimental studies which aim to create a common space “university – museum” in order to develop in future teachers such skills as historical thinking, culture of behavior, aesthetic taste, perception of integrity of objects and phenomena.
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