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U dva prethodna članka (vidi ≫Novu Evropu≪ za februar i juni ove godine), nastojao sam da prikažem najglavnije stavove čovečanske psihe, sa čisto biološke tačke gledišta. Iz njih se mogu izvesti različiti zaključci, jedni za praktične ciljeve vaspitavanja, drugi za razmišljanje i sudjenje o budućnosti čovečanstva. Sve su to vanredno opširna i komplikovana pitanja, pa se ovde i mogu da dodirnu samo vrlo kratko i — naravno — površno.
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Especially in the early stages of life, met or unmet the selfobject needs has an important role in thedevelopment of personality. The literature has revealed evidence that approaching and defensivelyavoiding selfobject needs may be associated with personality disorders. The present study aimed toexamine the mediating effects of defense mechanisms and dimensions of the interpersonal relation-ship in the relationship between selfobject needs and personality disorders. The research sampleconsisted of a total of 402 people [253 females (62.9%) and 149 males (37.1%), aged between 18and 59 (M = 32.28, SD = 7.76)], and a cross-sectional screening method was used in the study. Thedata was collected using the Socio-Demographic Information Form, Coolidge Axis II InventoryShort Form, Selfobject Needs Inventory, Defense Style Questionnaire, and Scale of Dimensions ofInterpersonal Relationship. As a result of the analyzes, personality disorders and approaching mir-roring- idealization- twinship, and avoiding idealization- twinship, selfobject needs, immature defense mechanisms, and approval dependence variables were positively correlated with each other;it was determined that the variables of trust in others and emotional awareness showed significantnegative correlations. It was found that in the relationship between selfobject needs and personalitydisorders, the variables of immature and neurotic defenses, approval dependence, trusting othersand emotional awareness had significant partial mediation effects in certain types of personalitydisorders. Then research findings were discussed based on the literature, and limitations of the studyand possible contributions to theory and clinical practice, and suggestions for new studies to bemade were presented.
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The purpose of this review was to examine muscle dysmorphia, a psychological disorder characterized by the perception of own body as less muscular than it is, preoccupation with muscularity,and intense engagement in muscle-building actions. For this purpose, first, information about thehistory, symptoms, prevalence, and etiological factors of muscle dysmorphia was presented. Then, negative consequences of muscle dysmorphia, the comorbid psychological disorders with muscledysmorphia, and the treatment methods for muscle dysmorphia were addressed. In addition, theongoing debates about the diagnostic classification of muscle dysmorphia were discussed by refer-ring to its similarities with the related psychological disorders (e.g., obsessive-compulsive disorderand eating disorders). Finally, the studies on muscle dysmorphia in the Turkish literature were summarized, and then the relationship between bodybuilding and muscle dysmorphia was examined. This review article, which contains up-to-date information on muscle dysmorphia, was expected to increase scientific studies and social awareness about this new phenomenon in Turkey.
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This article delves into the psychological literature concerning divorce and its impact on the personality development of preadolescents aged 9-12. Researchers in this field emphasize the significant role of family and socio-cultural environments in shaping a child’s personality, considering personality as a system embedded within a matrix of socio-cultural systems. The Millon Pre-Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MPACI) test was employed to identify personality disorders among preadolescents affected by parental separation. The underlying hypothesis posits that preadolescents with divorced parents would exhibit personality disorders, and significant differences would emerge in the personality patterns between preadolescents from divorced families and those from intact families. Statistical analysis of the results corroborated this hypothesis, shedding light on the nuanced effects of divorce on preadolescent personality development.
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In this study we aim to theoretically and applicatively elucidate two fundamental concepts: the concept of „professional identity” and the notion of „social maturity”. The research empirically establishes the link between social maturity and professional identity in teenagers during the professional identity crisis. The multidisciplinary approach of this study contributes to a deeper and integrated understanding of how personal values influence the professional and social development of young people. The study includes a sample of 250 teenagers and uses three assessment tools. The analysis of the obtained results shows that 35.6% represent the participants with a clearly formed professional identity, 20% show optimal social maturity. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating professional and social education within personal and professional development programs.
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Drug-resistant epilepsy presents a myriad of psychological challenges, including cognitive decline, emotional and behavioral disturbances, loss of autonomy, stigma, psychosocial dysfunction, and a heightened risk of trauma and premature death, all of which significantly diminish the quality of life. This article aims to identify effective strategies for working with individuals affected by drug-resistant epilepsy and to develop a targeted psychological intervention program tailored to their unique needs. Six subjects diagnosed with drug-resistant epilepsy participated in this program. The results revealed significant improvements across multiple do mains following the intervention. There were notable enhancements in general cognitive functioning, reductions in levels of depression and anxiety, and decreases in aggressive and hostile behaviors. These positive outcomes collectively contributed to an overall increase in the quality of life for individuals grappling with drug-resistant epilepsy.
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This study examines the characteristics of eating disorders in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared to adolescents without T1D. Analyzing a sample of 132 adolescents with T1D and 132 without T1D, the study used the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-3 FT) to assess the prevalence of the drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, and bulimic behavior. The results indicate a higher prevalence of bulimic behavior, body dissatisfaction, and drive to thinness in adolescents with T1D compared to those without. The study highlights the complexity of managing T1D and its impact on the risks of EDs, suggesting the need for integrated screening strategies and tailored psychological support. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between chronic health conditions and eating behavior, which is essential for improving therapeutic interventions and support offered to adolescents with T1D.
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The prevalence of aggressive behavior in traffic represents a pressing issue in contemporary society. In recent times, there has been a notable surge in aggressive conduct among drivers, ranging from excessive honking to involvement in road accidents. The statistical data regarding accident rates in Romania and the Republic of Moldova underscore the necessity of investigating the underlying causes of this behavioral deviation among drivers and devising strategies for prevention or intervention to mitigate this maladaptive behavior. This article presents the findings of an experimental study examining two variables that may influence the occurrence and expression of aggressive behavior among drivers in traffic: religious affiliation and level of driver education. The experimental hypothesis tested is as follows: We posit that statistically significant differences exist in the level of aggressive behavior exhibited in traffic—such as aggressive driving, dangerous driving, and risky driving—depending on the drivers’ level of education and their religious affiliation.
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The study examines the effects of a special psychosocial intervention program on the adaptation of international students to a new university and sociocultural environment. The program was designed considering the resources and challenges of adaptation, focusing on the specific needs of these students. Using surveys and comparative analyses, the research assessed the program’s impact on social contact distances and the quality of psychosocial adaptation. The results indicate a significant reduction in social contact distances and an improvement in adaptation at the macro-, meso-, and micro-social levels. Compared to other university adaptation programs, the specialized intervention proved effective in facilitating the integration of international students, providing a supportive environment for personal development. The conclusions underscore the importance of group psychosocial intervention programs in promoting the adaptation and integration of international students into new academic and social environments.
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The study investigates the relationship between acculturation depression and refugee attitudes toward the temporal continuum. Methodologies include the use of the Beck Depression Scale to assess severity and the Zimbardo Time Perspectives Inventory, which consists of five scales: positive and negative past, future, and fatalistic or hedonistic present. A total of 40 respondents participated in the research, divided into two subgroups: socially active (22 individuals) and socially passive (18 individuals). The findings indicate that socially active individuals exhibited the lowest presence of depressive syndromes at 77.3%, whereas socially passive individuals displayed indicators within sub-depression categories. Regarding temporal orientation, the first group leaned towards a future-oriented perspective (50%), while the second group showed a tendency towards a negative past orientation (38.89%). The study highlights the intricate relationship between subjects’ levels of social activity and their propensity for depression based on their orientation towards time.
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The aim of the report is to analyse the issue of disability in the literary work Heart by Italian children's writer of the 19th century Edmondo de Amicis, in which there appear several characters with different types of, predominantly physical, disability. The report, in addition to the theoretical analysis, also includes a short empirical part presenting the results of interviews about the book from the perspective of primary education. In conclusion, we present a didactic reflection.
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The paper discusses a research study that offers readers an insight into the perception of visual images of action art in adulthood in the form of secondary and university students' responses to non-verbal communication through selected visual images. A work of art is an extra surplus product we can livewithout, but we do not rule out its existence. However, we want to decode non-verbal communication through action art correctly. In that case, it is necessaryto know the composition of works of art or the works themselves, which anindividual creates at any age.
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Empowering people with disabilities to become independent and autonomous is crucial to their fulfilling life. Studies and background search show that crucial factors in this process include personal assistance, support for independent living and programmes aimed at vocational rehabilitation. What is also important is the development of skills for everyday life. In addition, support for the families caring for these people is key to successfully coping with the challenges. In general, the development of independence for people with disabilities requires a multidisciplinary approach and respect for individual needs. This article provides an overview of different forms of support and interventions aimed at helping these individuals reach their full potential for independent and quality living.
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The study is aimed at adapting the Family Influence Scale into Serbian, as well as at examining the functional equivalence of the adapted version compared to the original one using the sample of Serbian students. The sample consisted of 204 students (Mage= 22.24, SDage = 2.40, Minage = 18, Maxage = 34), 77.5% of whom were female. To assess the construct validity of the adapted version of the scale, principal component analysis, parallel analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were used. The results indicate that there is an equal number of dimensions that are distinguished within both the original and adapted versions of the scale (Informational Support, Financial Support, Family Expectations, and Values/Beliefs). Additionally, the results support the convergent validity considered through calculating the correlations with the Support, Involvement, and Lack of Engagement Scale. The nomological network of the adapted version of the scale was examined, and the results generally support its equivalence with the nomological network of the original version of the scale. The internal validity of the scale was considered by examining the interrelationships of its measures. These results generally support this type of validity. The adapted version of the scale has generally shown satisfactory reliability of internal consistency in our sample. Despite its limitations, the study has shown that the adapted version of the Family Influence Scale can be used to examine the possible influence of family on career choice and development among students. Hence, the current study provides valuable insights into the development of the career-related measures that can be implemented in other cultural contexts.
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Contemporary circumstances of teaching and learning at all levels of education, as well as easy availability of a variety of learning resources, compel teachers to expand textual learning resources. This leads to the need to analyse the role of the text in teaching practice. In teaching practice, the text is regarded as a broader category of teaching material, in which textbooks form a subcategory. Given that learning in a formal context is mainly based on verbal content and literacy practice, it is very important to look at different aspects of the text, i.e. evaluate their potential for learning. Several aspects of the text are important: its content, the quality of didactic adaptability of the text, the microstructure and macrostructure of the text, as well as the way it is applied in the teaching/learning process. The aim of this paper is to map the characteristics of the macrostructure of the text in teaching practice which are important for the improvement of the meaningful learning. The paper presents various issues involved in the macrostructure of the text, analyses the similarities and differences of the terms “text type”, “genre” and “discourse”, and provides an overview of research that links text macrostructure and its effects onlearning. Finally, pedagogical implications are derived, which include the thesis that the macrostructure of the text from which one learns should become a relevant factor for lessons planning, the assessment of learning success, but also for the improvement of educational policy, including teacher education.
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This paper explores the intersection of human psychology and advanced technology, focusing on how intelligent and emotive technology influences human behavior and emotional intelligence, and in the process, might impact our ability to show and feel empathy. Based in Alfred Adler’s theory of human motivation, we examine how feelings of inferiority-vulnerability, powerlessness, perfectibility, and the need for affiliation-drive our increasing dependence on technology. The human tendency to treat inanimate objects as animate is heightened by the sophisticated communication capabilities of Generative AI (Gen AI), altering our interpersonal dynamics and communication signals. We analyze how this shift impacts empathy, self-centeredness, and impatience, suggesting a need for conscious awareness of technology’s limitations to preserve genuine human connections. By conducting a technology dependency audit we encourage individuals to reflect on the extent to which their lives are mediated by technology. Ultimately, the paper argues for reclaiming our emotional and practical autonomy from technology to maintain authentic human relationships and emotional well-being.
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Although over-purchasing behavior was mostly addressed in consumer research in the past, now-adays it has been considered a psychological problem. Debates have still continued on how to name excessive shopping behavior, which was previously more prominent among consumer research, as a psychological problem and in which classification it should be included in. The possible options can be impulse control disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and related dis-orders, or a behavioral addiction. This problem that has been stated with various names in the past, is now more commonly referred to as compulsive buying and shopping addiction. Another non-consensual issue is how to measure this behavior. Depending on the context in which the problem is handled, the dimensions of the behavior that the measurement instruments consider will change. The aim of this review was to examine the classification, measurement, and charac-teristics of measurement instruments developed according to the context in which over-purchasing behavior is addressed. Thus, an overview will be provided on which measurement instruments can be preferred in the clinic and purchasing behavior research, and how the treat-ment plan will be developed accordingly. Consequently, it can be stated that the nature of over-purchasing behavior and in what context it occurs should be evaluated in detail, and the behavior can be included in different classifications according to different contexts.
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Since the last quarter of the last century, knowledge about the epidemiology of social anxiety disorder (SAD) has continued to expand. Therefore, the present study aim ed to present an up-to-date and holistic examination of the prevalence of SAD in the general population in various continents and regions worldwide. Epidemiological studies in databases since 2001 have been extensively searched and 43 community studies have been identified. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates of SAD in community samples in all countries were 5.6% and 2.6%, respec-tively. In America, Europe, and Oceania countries with relatively high socioeconomic levels, the prevalence of SAD was the highest; in Asia, Africa, and Middle East countries, the prevalence rates were relatively the lowest. It was noteworthy that the age of onset of the disorder was quite early, and it was more common in females than males. At the same time, SAD was associated with worse mental health status and decreased quality of life in various fields—such as family, social relationships, and education. In addition, SAD stands out as a persistent and highly comorbid disorder. Although the prevalence of SAD varies in various epidemiological studies, it has been observed that it is one of the most common anxiety disorders in many studies. It was considered that understanding SAD and initiatives for treatment-seeking behavior will improve considerably with information obtained from the general population—such as the frequency of occurrence, age of onset, and the course of the disorder.
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In recent years, various meaning-based intervention programs aiming not only to reduce the negative psychological symptoms experienced by people diagnosed with cancer but also to en-rich their lives by connecting with their sources of meaning and values in life, have been devel-oped. The aim of the present study was to systematically examine the characteristics and out-comes of interventions that focus directly on developing a sense of meaning and purpose in life in people diagnosed with cancer. In this context, a systematic literature review was conducted using six electronic databases, namely PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL Complete, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. As a result of the literature search conducted between 2000 and 2022, 20 studies including 14 different intervention programs focusing on meaning-making and meaning in life for people diagnosed with cancer were identified. The sample of the studies in the review consisted mostly of women, middle-aged and older people diagnosed with advanced cancer. Breast and lung cancer is the most common type of cancer in the articles in this review. The majority of the studies in the review were theoretically influenced by Viktor Frankl's studies and adopted the existential approach in psychotherapy. When the effects of meaning-based inter-ventions were evaluated, it was found that they are highly effective in improving the sense of meaning, quality of life, and spiritual well-being. It was also thought to have relatively positive effects on anxiety, depression, emotional distress, optimism, and hopelessness levels. Because of these effects, it could be said that meaning-focused interventions are a promising approach both in answering the questions of people diagnosed with cancer about meaning and existence and in reducing their emotional distress. On the other hand, new studies using a more rigorous research methodology are needed to make more comprehensive conclusions about meaning-focused interventions.
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