Perswazyjna rola wizerunków ciała w mediach społecznościowych. Studencki projekt Ciało bez filtra
The persuasive role of body images in social media. Student project Body without filter
More...We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The persuasive role of body images in social media. Student project Body without filter
More...
The aim of this article is to examine the ethno ‑racial structure of the Peruvian population inlight of data from the 2017 census. This census included, for the first time, a question on theethno ‑racial self ‑identification of residents aged 12 years and over. The census results madeavailable determine the size, spatial distribution and basic demographic characteristics ofthe three main ethno ‑racial minorities of Peru declaring themselves as: Andean Indians,Amazonian Indians and Afro ‑Peruvians, against the rest of the population, which ismainly mestizo and white. The study examined the spatial concentration of the three mainethno ‑racial minorities, which, according to the data, accounted for 29.4% of Peru’s totalpopulation. The research also found a strong spatial concentration of each of them. AndeanIndians are concentrated mainly in the departments of the southern part of the country,while Amazonian Indians were mainly clustered in the departments of the northeasternand eastern parts of the country, and Afro ‑Peruvians are mainly centred in the departmentsalong the northern coast.
More...
Awareness that thoughts cannot always be controlled develops gradually. The aim of this research was to determine the level and quality of preschoolers’ understanding of intrusive thoughts, relative to their gender, age, emotion preceding those thoughts, thoughts belonging (oneself or another), and their dividedness (capability to simultaneously think about more things). The sample included 71 children. The assessment was based on the Task of understanding intrusive thoughts and emotions they cause, which consisted of two stories – with a happy and a sad event. Regarding the level of understanding of intrusive thoughts, the results show that participants were more successful with the story with the sad event, than with the story with the happy event. Age was correlated with success only in the story with the happy event. There were no differences in understanding of intrusive thoughts relative to gender and thoughts belonging. Most of the participants showed an understanding that thoughts could not always be controlled willingly. Participants more often responded that the character did not want to proceed thinking about the sad, rather than the happy event. Almost all participants considered that the character could not think about two things simultaneously. The results show a great variety in children’s understanding of others’ feelings, their causes, and consequences. Regarding the role that the understanding of intrusive thoughts has in cognitive and emotional regulation, the results of this research point to the importance of quantitative and qualitative analysis of the understanding of intrusive thoughts at the preschool age.
More...
This article revolves around the question of how different religions view fear. Is it just one side of the coin or does it have a much higher purpose and answers existential questions? The paper attempts to provide an answer, and it considers some other questions in Christianity, Judaism, Islam, and Buddhism.
More...
The skill of individuals to regulate their internal emotional states and the influence of emotions on behaviour is termed “emotional intelligence.” Within the psychological realm of sports and physical activity, researchers delve into the impact of diverse psychological processes on athletes’ behaviour. The objective is to optimize the physical, technical, and tactical potential cultivated by athletes during training, ensuring its maximal manifestation during competitive periods for enhanced sports performance. This article seeks to provide a concise yet fundamental review of how the theory of emotional intelligence is situated and examined in the field of sports psychology.
More...
This arƟ cle presents case studies of the relaƟ ve ability of two subjects (OB1 and OB2) to make lexical associaƟ ons; they have spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 and Parkinson’s disease, respecƟ vely. Test method: subjects gave associaƟ ons (orally, with no Ɵ me limit) to 63 verbal stimuli presented on a computer screen. Verbal stimuli were selected from Gatkowska’s experimental study (Gatkowska 2017). Responses were recorded on an Olympus 650 digital voice recorder, then analysed linguisƟ cally and psychologically. Results: psychological analysis – subjects within intellectual norm (Raven’s Matrices test), dysarthric disorder, diffi culty in implemenƟ ng instrucƟ ons. LinguisƟ c analysis: OB1 – predominance of paradigmaƟ c relaƟ ons (hyponymy, meronymy, synonymy) over syntagmaƟ c relaƟ ons (diffi culty building context), lack of causality. OB2 – richer paradigmaƟ c relaƟ ons (hyponymy, meronymy, synonymy, antonymy, complementarity), syntagmaƟ c relaƟ ons diverse. Conclusions: possible complex background of language disorders (execuƟ ve, emoƟ onal), higher level of language funcƟ oning of OB2 compared to OB1. The study illustrates the need for an interdisciplinary and holisƟ c approach in diagnosƟ c and therapeuƟ c management
More...
The article focuses on the derivational competencies in young adults with moderate intellectual disabilities (ID). The linguistic material for the study consisted of statements from 10 individuals aged 18-24. The ability to create derivati ves and to recognize word-formati on structure was evaluated across five categories of derivatives: two modification categories (feminatives derived from masculine names, diminuti ves) and three mutati on categories (agenti ve names, instrument names, and place names). The responses of the parti cipants were analysed in terms of the following criteria: whether the answer was consistent / inconsistent with the presented paƩ ern; whether the created derivati ve was a potenti al formati on / occasionalism / neologism, or was based on the associati ons of the respondent; whether the derivati ve / paraphrase were replaced by a descripti on or a defi niti on in the respondent’s answer; whether the response included a full or parti al repetiti on of the instructi on. In terms of creati ng derivati ves, parti cipants scored about 60% of correct responses. As for paraphrasing derivati ves, parti cipants had no trouble identi fying the word-formati on base, but were unable to specify the meaning of the affi In cases of incorrect responses, individuals with ID mainly referred to their associations and provided synonymous terms.
More...
The article concerns conversation analysis (CA) as a method derived from sociology, and also used and developed in psychology, linguistics, and speech and language therapy. The article aims at presenting the potential of the method in describing various types of verbal interactions. The text presents the use of CA to explore the dialogic abilities of bilingual children. The authors study code switching (CS) patterns occurring in bilingual children’s speech, the features of these patterns, and conversational strategies that appear in interviews with children. It was found that CS is closely linked to lexical deficits in Polish. The features of conversational negotiation were noticed when using English. Moreover, due to deficiencies in the Polish linguistic repertoire, the speakers used repairs, and the statements of the interlocutors would often overlap.
More...
Recently, the issue of language in psychiatry has been raised more frequently. The concern for choosing the appropriate words has resulted in developing language recommendations regarding the way we should speak about treating mental health disorders. The lexeme psychiatryk ‘mental hospital’ has been mentioned among words that contribute to preserving the negative stereotypes of psychiatric care. Thus, the paper focuses on the ways in which this word is evaluated across the Internet. Since the author analyses specific utterances – the ways language is used, she employs the framework of linguistic pragmatics to account for the broad context of each utterance (the speaker’s intentions, utterance type, the assumed hearer, etc.). In the majority of the analysed cases, we can observe such uses of the words that uphold the negative stereotype of institutionalized psychiatric care, and the hospitals themselves (in examples that exhibit playfulness, bordering on colloquialism and derision) are represented as appalling, pathological or funny and incomprehensible.
More...
The article presents the ways Polish press of the 1920s and 1930s used to write about suicides of artists. The author analyses the stories of suicidal deaths of five people: theatre actress Alojza Żółkowska, actor and director Józef Poremba-Jaracz, an aspiring painter Helena Niemczewska (the daughter of the watercolourist Julian Fałat), film hearhrob Zbigniew Staniewicz, and theatre actor Sergiusz Niłus (Jerzy Alan). These instances demonstrate that pre-war journalists took a keen interest in the issue, especially the reasons behind the tragedies. Detailed descriptions of the course of events oen revealed many details of the stars’ private lives, especially their health-related conditions.
More...
Nowadays, the socio-cultural image of suicide indicates a greater acceptance of the act, as well as its linguistic neutralization. The discernible differences with respect to word-formation and definitions used in the spoken language seem to be particularly significant. The paper discusses this issue in relation to groups of students of medical studies (nursing, midwifery, medicine, emergency medical services), social studies (journalism) and specialists (academic employees, doctors, midwives and nurses, psychiatrists, psychiatric hospital employees). The analysis of attitudes towards suicide exhibited in spoken language was based on focus group interviews, which enabled the reconstruction of deeply rooted ways of thinking and perceiving phenomena in research-controlled conditions. The choice of words, topics, and the way of defining suicide, as well as related issues, reflected the state of knowledge about suicidology and (underlying) emotions or attitudes.
More...
The article examines the narratives of public figures about their experience of mental crisis. The goal was to apply narrative analysis to the stories of the subjects’ experiences and roles in relation to the disease. The results of the analysis have shown that in their statements both people make a revolution and transgress social taboos, exposing themselves to criticism from their professional environment, as well as from a multitude of observers, followers, fans. In their narratives, they strive to change the society’s archetypal perceptions of sick people, proving that they can adequately perform a range of professional and social functions. Both seek different ways to bring audiences closer to their experiences, appealing to feelings of alienation, entanglement, and undeserved suffering. Mental health crisis is a dark force and an invasive element against the narrator’s healthy identity. However, above all, subjects are also bound together by the difficulty of finding a handy language for talking about mental health crisis – a language that is not trapped between medical nomenclature and colloquial expressions perpetuating hurtful stereotypes.
More...
In the history of the Polish language, the words obłęd (‘madness’) and obłąkanie (‘insanity’) are etymologically associated with wandering. In the 19th century, these meanings were still alive; at the same time, meanings related to the mental sphere were also forming. In the literature of Romanticism, one can see elements that correspond to the content of the word obłęd used as a term in modern psychiatry. These include, first of all, the structure of delusions that accompany a compact, integrated personality. This is how we can interpret, for instance, the usage of the word in Mickiewicz’s translation of The Dream (the same is true, of course, also for Byron’s original), as well as in Czarne kwiaty by Norwid. Among the noteworthy linguistic facts associated with the studied words in the 19th century is their cognitive ambivalence: on the one hand, madness was associated with special cognitive abilities, on the other, stigmatization of the mentally ill was apparent. Finally, the progressive (also in the Modernist period) increase in the number of uses of these words can be observed, which is likely due to the growing interest in the human psyche in art and its study in medicine.
More...
The purpose of this Article is to describe the inaction of the the Creditor in the enforcement proceedings in relation to the inaction of the Claimant in the civil proceedings, which entitles the conducting authority to discontinue the proceedings ex officio (fall of instance). The competencies of the court Bailiff to discontinue the proceedings ex officio due to the inaction of the Claimant are more broadly defined compared to the civil court as the authority conducting the examination proceedings. The concept of fall of instance has been defined in the introduction based on Polish legal literature. Subsequently, an attempt was undertaken to indicate the differences between the Claimant’s inaction in the civil proceedings and the Creditor’s inaction in the enforcement proceedings, referred to as “extended inaction” comprising abroader catalogue of procedural actions. The question of differences between the repealed Article 823of the Civil Proceedings Code and the now binding Article 824section 1point 4of the Civil Proceedings Code that regulates the fall of instance, was also addressed. Finally, the conclusions were stated in points, from which it stems that the Creditor’s inaction should be distinguished due to the different nature of the enforcement proceedings and the current regulations included in the Civil Proceedings Code
More...
After a critical analysis of Simone de Beauvoir’s and Catherine Malabou’s accounts of aging, the paper offers an alternative to them. In contrast to de Beau-voir and Malabou, it explores the actual share of other beings, both human and non-human, in one’s aging. The paper employs the Heideggerian ontological frame-work and his concepts of “bodying” and gesture to argue that changes induced by others do not damage or contaminate one’s being but allow the disclosure of some-one’s particularity in its undefi nable character
More...
Traces of you reach me through my senses. But without wondering in your presence, I cannot see you. For beings of sense and meaning such as ourselves, being stirred by another’s presence opens wondering. The implications of such claims are striking for what perception involves, for being in touch with another, and for good relationships. The paper proceeds as a series of “strobes,” from an ancient Greek word for whirling. Turning quickly about, words enact being stirred into won-dering, interspersed with visual glimpses, a photographic series. Building on recent work by the author, the paper draws on Jean-Luc Marion’s phenomenology; Daniel R. Schein feld, Karen M. Haigh, and Sandra J.P. Scheinfeld’s early childhood edu-cational theory, and a phrase by Martha C. Nussbaum describing the intentionalityof wondering. This is deepened by attention to what the phenomenological traditioncalls “passive synthesis,” and what the author, following F.W.J. Schelling, has called“positive anxiety,” the soul’s excitement around the possibility of sense and meaning.
More...
The increased scientific interest in late adulthood, as well as in intergenerational relations of the elderly, finds particular justification in the current demographic situation in Europe and Poland. The subject of the study is old age functioning as a motif of advertising messages. The reflections concern the psychological-positive alternative to the phenomenon of generating a stereotype of the elderly in advertising. The stereotyping of the advertising image of people at the existential stage of late adulthood poses a danger of increasing ageism in the media space and in colloquial social consciousness. The postulated form of counteracting ageism is education in the aspect of developmental changes in late adulthood (including through the dissemination of reliable knowledge about the aging process in social communication), taking into account the current state of research on the intergenerational potential of older people, i.e. wisdom, quality of life.
More...
Purpose: The purpose of the empirical research presented here was to (a) identify the structure of institutional le- gitimization in health care, and (b) present the Polish version of the Legitimization Questionnaire (LQ) and its psychometric values, especially the accuracy and reliability of measurement. Method: In order to achieve the stated goal on the basis of data obtained from two independent measurements, factor analyses were conducted: exploratory (nEFA= 210 - 134 women and 76 men, MWIEK= 42.37 ) and confirmatory (nCFA= 298 - 184 women and 114 men, MWIEK= 37.02). Factor analyses were used to assess relevance. Multivariate reliability was also assessed using several coefficients: classical (Cronbach's α, Jöreskog's CR) and non-classical (Aranova's γ, intraclass correlation coefficient ρ2).Results: The adopted data analysis strategy revealed a three-factor structure of institutional legitimacy. The results of the analyses brought strong evidence indicating the satisfactory goodness of legitimacy measurement with the Polish version of the LQ tool. Reliability, as well as theoretical relevance, reached satisfactory ratings and were confirmed.Conclusions: The results indicate that the adapted LQ questionnaire is a psychologically valuable tool for operationalizing legitimacy in three dimensions: normative relatedness, duty to obey and institutional trust.
More...
Aim: The aim of the empirical research was (a) to identify the structure of institutional legit-imacy in the health service and (b) to develop a Polish version of the Legitimacy Question-naire (LQ) and determine its psychometric properties, especially validity and reliability.Method: To achieve the aim, based on data from two independent measurements, the authorperformed factor analyses: exploratory (nEFA = 210, 134 women and 76 men, MAGE = 42.37)and confirmatory (nCFA = 298, 184 women and 114 men, MAGE = 37.02). Factor analyseswere used to assess validity. Multidimensional reliability estimation was also performed,using several coefficients: classic (Cronbach’s α, Jöreskog’s CR) and non-classic ones(Aranowska’s γ, ϱ2 intraclass correlation coefficient).Results: The adopted data analysis strategy yielded a three-factor structure of institu-tional legitimacy. The results of analyses provided strong evidence of acceptable goodnessof measurement using the Polish version of the LQ. Reliability, just like construct valid-ity, were confirmed, their levels were acceptable.Conclusions: The results indicate that the adapted LQ is a psychometrically valuablemeasure operationalizing three dimensions of legitimacy: normative alignment, dutyto obey, and institutional trust.
More...
Menopausal transition and post-menopausal periods can have short-term and long- term effects on mid-life health of women. The short-term effects include the possibility of experiencing of menopausal symptoms, while the long-term effects include cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk. The occurrence of men-opausal symptoms varies widely within and between populations. Studies indicate that the frequency and severity of menopausal symptoms are linked to CVD risk factors, but the existing literature is divergent and somewhat limited. Thus, women belonging to different populations are likely to be at a different risk of CVD, but the exact physiological mechanism behind this relationship remains unclear. The present narrative review aimed to synthesize the available evidence of menopausal symptoms in association with various conventional CVD risk factors such as blood pressure, total cholesterol and blood glucose levels and obesity, as well as to determine the potential link between these two processes. We undertook a rigorous data base search to identify, examine, and critically assess the existing literature on the associations be-tween menopausal symptoms and CVD risk factors. We applied inclusion and exclusion criteria to filter the retrieved articles and classified the literature into eight major categories. The risk of CVD is higher among women who experience vasomotor, psychological, and urogenital symptoms compared to those who do not experience these symptoms. Our review indicates that menopausal symptoms can be used as markers in assessing CVD risk factors during midlife. Thus there is a need for larger-scale research to support these findings and identify the potential mediators that are controlling this association.
More...