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In recent decades, psychoanalysis has been characterized by a huge diversity of its approaches. In this review study, I introduce the development of Stephen A. Mitchell´s thoughts. I use mainly his most cited, nevertheless in the Czech Republic hardly accessible, books Object relations in psychoanalytic theory, Relational concepts in psychoanalysis and Hope and dread in psychoanalysis. He was one of psychoanalytic theorists who attempted to integrate these approaches. He claimed that all psychoanalytic theories can be divided into drive and relational theories and took a critical stance towards more traditional drive theories. He focused his following research primarily on the development of relational theories and divided them by the focus on self-pole, on external objects or on space between self and objects. Relational theory, in Mitchell´s interpretation, emphasize proactive approach of the analyst, mutual construction of reality and indicate that the goal of psychoanalysis is not only a deeper self-knowledge, but the restoration and expansion of experiences that are experienced real, valuable and meaningful. These ideas gave rise to relational psychoanalysis, currently very popular psychoanalytic approach in the US.
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Na okraj konference, vìnované odkazu Otto Fenichela / On the edge of the conference, dedicated to the legacy of Otto Fenichel
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This article is concerned on Kids‘ Skills model developed by Finnish psychiatrist and solution-focused therapist Ben Furman. Basic principles of therapeutic work with children using this model are introduced. There are also some brief examples from our practice in the article. The last part is focused on selected research findings in the field of child psychotherapy, which are connected with principles and procedures of Kids‘ Skills model.
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The article offers a historical overview of therapist’s failures. The topic has been described as an integral part of psychoanalysis since Freud’s texts. Relational psychoanalysis stressed that sometimes not patient but psychoanalyst can impair the therapeutic process. We must mention and analyze psychotherapist’s faults in the interest of our clients. Analysis of failures can enhance a quality of care. The paper entails some guidance how to identify a fault in therapy and what we should do when we heard about failure of other therapist.
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This article focuses on the theme of alienation in three works by F. M. Dostoevsky, Notes from the Underground (1864), Crime and Punishment (1866), and The Dream of a Ridiculous Man (1877). This article will argue that despite the overall different set of circumstances, Dostoevsky’s literary works nevertheless provide some insight into thecoping mechanisms we can utilize when dealing with loneliness and alienation-related problems during social isolation.
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The subject of the series of articles is Edward Abramowski’s early thought as expressed in his collected works written up to 1896. It focuses on the following questions: Did Abramowski notice the asymmetry in the positions of men and women? Did he consider it necessary to maintain the gender status quo or to liberate women?The first article reconstructs, in the spirit of literal exegesis, what Abramowski wrote about the situation of women throughout history. The second article considers why Abramowski took this and not another position, and its interpretation is based on an analysis of the external determinants of Abramowski’s thought. The third article explains the meaning and function of Abramowski’s view in his time and distinguishes its supra-historical content.The following arguments support the legitimacy of separating reconstruction from interpretation. Reconstruction (Part I) provides a basis for verifying theses and reasons that appear in interpretations (Parts II and III). None of the interpretations ends (Parts II and III) with the same knowledge that initiates it (Part I). Besides, the results of the two interpretations (Parts II and III) do not coincide. It is also important that the issues discussed in the articles are controversial. Abramowski is a leading fi gure in the history of the Polish socialist movement, Polish philosophy, sociology and psychology. He polarises the world of science but outside it, some circles also perceive him as a positive fi gure, while others as a negative one. The same applies to attitudes to the exploitation and liberation of women. Additionally, ‘young’ Abramowski is surprising, while his story about inter-sex relations is not predictable or obvious.
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The fact that there are many limitations of the current classification systems led to the emergence of transdiagnostic approaches (TA) that focus on the common psychopathological processes underlying disorders rather than categorical diagnoses. TA focuses on the underlying common psychopathological processes in the emergence and persistence of mental disorders. Thus, even if the disorders are categorically diagnosed differently. it can be determined how they overlap or separate with each other. TA aims to treat mental disorders using these aspects. TA has a flexible and modular structure that can be easily integrated into cognitive behavioral therapies. The rest of this review will focus on the Unified Protocol (UP), one of the most popular TA examples. The main purpose of the UP is to enable patients to recognize their feelings and give more adaptive reactions to their negative emotions. Accordingly, UP consists of eight modules. The modules can usually be completed in a total of 11-17 weeks. Bach 50 to 60-minute individual session is held once a week. If necessary, changes can be made to the number of the frequency of sessions allocated to modules. The goals of each module of the UP and the treatment approaches towards these goals allow a very clearly defined approach. For this reason, there is a d for a detailed evaluation, conceptualization and treatment plan before the UP is put into practice. We hope that mental health professionals from Turkey will contribute to the developments in the UP.
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Through this paper we attempt to identify, to observe and to analyze the specificity of a type of speech (the blecherian writing) from the perspective of bugosiene poetics. It has been noticed that the universally structured modes of the imaginary, modes that are defined by Jean Burgos,can not include the new imaginary construction. Its foundations are to be found in the freudian perspective upon the instinct of destruction and in the Jungian psychological types.
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The present descriptive review aims to highlight the interconnection between stroke, as a main lesion associated to variations of the circle of Willis (CW) and the development of certain clinical dysfunctions such as cognitive and behavioral, verbal, visual and motor impairements, with a focus on the posterior cerebral (PCA) stroke. Material and Method: As a research method, there were used several international data bases: “PubMed” Central, “Research Gate”, “AHA Journals” and “Cambridge Core”, with the selection of 5 up-dated articles from the recent specialty literature and two chapters from online books of Neurology and Behavioral Neurology. Thus, the premises for a descriptive review were provided. Results: Besides the sensorial and motor deficits that are determined by PCA stroke, there are also some important clinical dysfunctions that refer to cognitive behavior, language and vision recognized as higher cortical functions. The characteristic type of aphasia in the case of PCA strokes is represented by the anomic aphasia, which is seen as a mild form with a relative speech preservation Conclusions: As final remarks, it is indicated to refer to a global framework of patterns that appear in post stroke patients regarding both their cognitive and language dysfunctionalities.
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The PhD dissertation defended by Ion Petrovici in 1905 triggered criticism related to its sources, method and aim. Although the author made use of the term ‘psychophysical parallelism’ in the title – the critics reproached –, the work had nothing to do with scientific psychology. The following paper discusses the distinction between psychophysical parallelism as description and psychophysical parallelism as solution to the mind–body problem. Only the former can be considered a proper scientific approach.
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Will and motivation are two extremely important mental processes. The will is realized by referring to human activity, through which needs are satisfied, ideas are drawn and fulfilled, new aspirations are foreshadowed. This implies the realization of a relationship between desires and preset goals, which must be in accordance with the possibilities of accomplishment. Sometimes desires appear in the form of motives, which induce in our consciousness a force for the fulfillment of the purposes of actions. Contemporary psychology believes that the will will be imposed as the main way of organizing and regulating the development of all other processes and psychic phenomen. Also, it is considered that the will is closely related to the human personality, being considered by some psychologists as a personality trait. Also personality is related to motivation, the essential component of any activity, with a role in signaling physiological or psychological deficits that includes needs, motives, interests, beliefs, tendencies, intentions, desires, aspirations. It energetically supports the activities in order to satisfy their own needs, contributing to the formation and development of some personality traits. We consider that there is a close relationship between what the individual wants and why he behaves in a certain way. Both, the will and the motivation, involve action to achieve the purpose, although the will is a superior form of the desire, which is a component part of the motivation. However, the motivation awakens and stimulates the desire, but not the will, although the motivation is the one that stimulates the will.
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The concept of the spiritus employed by Walter Burley, an English philosopher active in the first half of the fourteenth century, in his commentaries on the Parva naturalia set is presented in a scholarly manner, drawing from many sources available for Latin thinkers of his times. Burley analyses the character of the spiritus, its origin, and numerous functions it plays in living organisms. He distinguishes between the functions it plays with respect to the vegetative actions of bodies and the ones concerning the sensitive and motor actions. He also pays attention to the interesting issue of activity and rest as periods in which one or the other functions are given priority by the organism.
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Walter Burley, an English philosopher active in the first half of the fourteenth century, composed a set of commentaries on Aristotle’s small treatises on psychology and physiology. One of the issues raised in three of them is the problem of voluntary and involuntary motion in humans. Drawing from several earlier commentators of Aristotle, Burley analyses the nature of motion in animals and the specificity of human motion. He tries to explain the animal motion with the help of the concept of spiritus, both in the “regular” cases and in the exceptional ones. He identifies the position of practical intellect in the account of voluntary motion in humans.
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The issue of the child's hearing disability in a family context cannot be approached outside the constitutive dimensions of the identity of the deaf culture, which is built in relation to the world of the hearers. All of these are challenges for the family of the hearing-impaired child. New directions of research are outlined towards the analysis of the linguistic identity assumed by both the family and the deaf child, and therefore of their way of belonging to the community. Concepts such as the deaf community, the identity and cultural diversity of this community guide us to a new approach based on the contradiction apparent between deafness as a medical condition / physical disability / social disability and deafness as a cultural identity. At this level, the family life of the child with a hearing disability takes place. This level opens new research horizons, if we refer to the local sociology of deaf culture. For these reasons, we initiated this research approach to identify and highlight the most relevant aspects of the multidimensionality of deaf culture from the perspective of the family of the child with hearing impairment.
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Explanatory theories of deviance are based on identifying and detecting the multitude of socio-cultural, economic and individual factors that structure and build the configuration of the phenomenon of deviance in terms of explanatory theories and statements about the causes and conditions of deviant behavior (Bangal, I., 2011).
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Ian Parker and David Pavón-Cuéllar (2021). Psychoanalysis and revolution: critical psychology for liberation movements. 1968 Press.
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Practical experience has identified a special category of children who have difficulty relating and communicating with others, emotional instability, associated or not with intellectual disabilities, stereotypical and repetitive behavior, having relevance in the normal development of educational activities and socialization of these children, especially in the first years of life. Autism research has focused on the early social and cognitive abilities of normal children, raising fundamental questions of psychology and philosophy. For example, how do we become aware of the minds of others? What is a person and how do children form the concept of person? How does the selfgrow? What is the cognitive need for the formation of later inter-subjectivity and inter-human relationships? How do early social and cognitive development correlate? Determining the “neuro psychological phenotype” of autism has become an interdisciplinary task, involving the child psychiatrist, cognitive developmental psychologist, psycho-development linguists, philosophers and anthropologists.
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