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Kompetencje społeczne wychowanków placówek opiekuńczo-wychowawczych

Author(s): Ewa Gawlik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2015

What is explored in this article are the issues of social competences of learners in care-educational institutions. The studies are presented of the level of social competences of the charges in child care homes in the intellectual norm and the charges with mild intellectual disability. The theoretical-cognitive research goal was recognizing and investigating the determinants of social competences in care-educational institutions. Moreover, the presented diagnosis of the level of the charges’ social competences and their determinants may contribute to prevention and levelling of social marginalization and might enhance higher standards in the functioning of child care homes. The studies shown in the article indicate that the lack of social competences of children and youth from care-educational institutions may result in many problems, also social ones – such as e.g. learned helplessness.

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Skúsenosť s fajčením v skorej adolescencii a fajčenie rodičov; moderačná rola vzdelania rodičov

Author(s): Mária Bačíková,Marianna Berinšterová,Oľga Orosová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2016

The relationship between parental smoking and adolescent smoking behavior has been well documented in previous studies. Less is known, however, about possible moderators of such relationship. The present study focuses on the relationship between parental smoking and adolescent smoking experience in early adolescence. This period has been sofar neglected in research. Further, we study parental education level as possible moderator of this relationship. Questionnaire data were collected among 1098 early adolescents (mean age 11.5 years; 54% girls). Logistic regression analyses revealed following results: (1) maternal and paternal smoking is associated with early adolescents smoking experience; (2) moderating effect of parental education was found in sense that having smoking mother with higher education increased the probability of smoking, while having smoking father with lower education increased the probability of smoking. Results are further discussed.

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Morálne zdôvodňovanie v kontexte na cieľ orientovaného správania

Author(s): Radka Čopková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2016

The aim of the current research was to confirm the properties of one possible way how to measure the phenomenon of self-licensing in goal directed behavior. As the name of variable suggests, we have connected two significant fields of self-regulation research – moral justification (specifically self-licensing) (Khan & Dhar, 2006; Kivetz & Zheng, 2006; Monin & Miller, 2001) and goal directed behavior (Carver & Scheier, 2001; Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975; Perugini & Bagozzi, 2001). The sample of 114 university students (78% women; 22% men) aged from 18 to 33 years (the average age was 23,03 years, SD=2,78) has been used. We have constructed a reliable questionnaire (Cronbach´s alpha=0,921) capturing the way of goal attainment in morally questionable conditions. The questionnaire consists of three reliable sub-dimensions: Remorse (0,848), Self-reassurance (0,841) and Depersonalization (0,832). Except of new measure, next three have been used: Machiavellian Personality Scale (Dahling et al., 2008), Short Self-Control Scale (Tangney, Baumeister & Boone, 2004) and Conscientiousness dimension from NEO-FFI (Ruisel & Halama, 2007). Gender differences have been confirmed in self-licensing in goal directed behavior as whole and also in sub-dimensions of Remorse and Self-reassurance. The correlation analysis has confirmed significant inter-correlations between all sub-dimensions of self-licensing in goal directed behaviour. Also it has confirmed significant relationships with machiavellian personality, self-control and self-conscientiousness. The aim of the current research was reached by finding factor structure of Self-licensing in goal directed behavior questionnaire and its relationships with machiavellianism, sef-control and conscientiousness.

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ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ О СПРАВЕДЛИВОСТИ НАКАЗАНИЯ В ПОДРОСТКОВОМ И ЮНОШЕСКОМ ВОЗРАСТЕ

Author(s): Bulat Salyamovich Alishev,Olga Aleksandrovna Anikeenok,Aigyl Rimovna Gallyamova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2015

The paper analyzes the principles of fair punishment, on which younger teenagers, older teenagers, and adolescents rely in different types of situations: a) in the situations of venial misconducts and major offenses; b) in the situations when the offending and injured parties differ in their closeness to the respondent. The obtained data demonstrate that: 1) the factor of offence gravity has an equal influence on the choice of principles of fair punishment in all age groups; 2) the factor of “our – another” influences more strongly the choice of principles of fair punishment in the older age groups.

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Антропология восхождения: дискурс цивилизаций

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Антропология восхождения: дискурс цивилизаций

Author(s): Victor I. Borshevich (Borşevici) / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2004

Applying the theory of reflexive-discursive systems, culture-play systems, social psychology etc., the author has tried to show that it is not so simple to get rid of one’s own cultural centrism and climb to a higher level of reflexive-discursive position. Yet, it is absolutely necessary, if one wants to understand one’s own and a different culture adequately. The author proves that modern anthropology and culturology must drop the Eurocentrist approach and master a new multifold methodology. It is necessary to understand that the so-called Utilitarian Discourse is not the only correct and the only possible way to reflect and express reality, and that it is not the only means building the universe. The paper contains a number of examples from Chinese and Jewish cultures proving significance of the anthropological approach based on the so-called «reflexive-discursive climbing».The author also analyses a connection between almost synchronous cultures: painted pottery Cucuteni-Tripolye culture, on the one hand, and the Chinese Neolithic cultures Yangshao and Majiayao, on the other hand. He shows their typological and ideological proximity and studies their spatial and temporal interaction through the Eurasian forest-steppe area and the so called Gansu corridor. He considers connections of the fundamental Snake-Dragon myth in Western and Chinese cultural traditions, suggesting a hypothesis of western influence.

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Метаморфоза на жизнения смисъл при дисоцииране от субективното му преживяване – житейски смисъл в инверсия

Author(s): Ivan S. Stoyanov,Manol Manolov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The aim of the report is to present a risk that is related to the change in the way that meaning in life is perceived. It is covered by the shift from the subjective experience of meaning in life to its acquisition by an entity other than the Self. The study examines the possibility that the meaning in life can be obtained through the child. In particular, the likelihood that post-natal deprivation will generate the idea of a “stopped life” that is offset by the child’s personality, or life in the name and through the child. The concept of meaning in life in conversion is proposed for defining the same.

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Психоаналитична психотерапия при пациенти с трансплантация на орган

Author(s): Rumyana Krumova-Pesheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The psychoanalysis is rich in theories and gives opportunities for deep analysis of the psychic phenomena. Through this perspective the human functioning is seen in its multi-layer and integral dynamics. Psychoanalytic psychotherapy is based on psychoanalysis as an explanatory model and can be applied successfully in institutional practice. The psychotherapeutic work is an important part of the overall procedure for patients with liver and renal transplantation performed at University Hospital “Lozenets”. It is conducted on an outpatient basis in a strictly regulated framework of the visits. There are certain features for this group of patients such as: predominance of archaic conflicts over long periods of time in individuals with neurotic personality organization, prolonged oedipal conflicts, blocked symbolic abilities, etc.

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Приложение на драма методи в училище за справяне с проблемното поведение на „трудни деца“ поради разстройство от аутистичния спектър

Author(s): Angelina Hadzhieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

School as a public institution plays a great role in shaping young people‘s personality, therefore it is important the best conditions for successful education and nurture to be created for all pupils no matter their individual characteristics. This scientific research aims to focus the attention towards a particular group of pupils, whose abilities and behavior are specific due to autistic spectrum disorder. The article suggests solutions these pupils to be included into the school system as well as for their successful education and therapy via application of drama-based methods and techniques. Different approaches for intervention through drama games and exercises, which can improve their communication skills, motivate them for active participation and support their social and emotional development are presented.

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Общуване и взаимоотношения в юношеската възраст

Author(s): Magdalena Michailova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

During this period, many people go through a lot of changes and they feel a strong need for independence. This need for independence is one of the main reasons for the difficulty in communication between parents and their children as parents are not always willing or able to do so. The most important thing for the teenager is the need to break free from the control of their parents, there is no bans on which to obeys and norms of behavior to follow.

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Въведение в схема – фокусираната терапия

Author(s): Presiyan Burgov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

The paper is aimed to present the most important aspects of the schema – focused therapy and main concepts of the therapy as an integrative approach for treatment of personality disorders. A basic premise of Jeffrey Young’s approach is that individuals with more complex problems have one or more early maladaptive schemas, which makes them vulnerable to emotional disorders.

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Психологически социалнопедагогически измерения на хомосексуалността

Author(s): Yana Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

This article studies some of the most popular in psychology views about homosexuality as a manifestation of individuality. It briefly presents the interpretation of psychoanalysis, as well as some other areas that explain the causes which “unlock” and activate homosexual attraction and behaviour in the individual. At the same time the article examines the social and pedagogical aspects of homosexuality, mostly related to the acceptance of homosexuals in society, the extent of forming a positive attitude towards the sexually different, and the importance of educating tolerance towards differences, regardless of their nature.

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Откровенията на една въстанала критическа психология

Author(s): Krasimira Yonkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2014

The discourse of current reasoning presents an analysis of the methodological concepts of an idea for a new critical psychology, proposed by the Bulgarian professor Ludmil Georgiev. The rebellion of this psychology is given arguments not only against traditional psychology, but also against the mechanism of functioning of western social cognition in the totality of his theoretical constructs, empirical data and practical actions.

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Процесът на деинституционализация на домовете за деца

Author(s): Ivan S. Stoyanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2014

It is considered that the child care reform in Bulgaria has started in 1991, when the country ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. In reality however this reform has actually started about ten years later, following a rather critical report of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC). The purpose of the reform may be defined as a change of the stereotyped approach towards identification of the need of children at risk and the collectively organized method of work for individualization and placing the best interest of every child in the core of the social intervention. Considering the current tendencies in Europe, in Bulgaria the alternative services for children in risk may also be differentiated into two main groups: services in support of the family and services that substitute the family.

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Psihologia între știință și tehnică / tehnici

Author(s): Maria-Elena Osiceanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2019

This article aims to analyze the relationships of psychology with science and technology, in order to identify what does the science establish and what does the technique establish in psychology. It highlights the role of the scientific method in psychology, with emphasis on the peculiarity of inductive and hypothetic-deductive methods in the psychological research. There are also examined the "subjective-objective" and "quantitative-qualitative" problems which acquire very special forms in the field of psychology. The connections of psychology with the technique, and especially with the “techniques” are extremely strong and extended. Basically, there is no investigation or practically applicative domain of psychology that does not refer to a specific technique of evaluation, psycho-diagnosis and / or intervention.

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Otwartość, empatia,wyznawanewartościwparach o zróżnicowanym stażu małżeńskim a satysfakcja z życia

Author(s): Paweł Majchrzak,Monika Skupińska-Majchrzak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3 i 4/2011

The collected data is designed to provide information about diﬀerences in empathy, openness and marital satisfaction in couples with varying length of marriage and the relationships between the above mentioned independent variables, and perceived satisfaction with the marriage among tested dyads. The study included 40 couples (20 pairs with a short marriage experience – from six months to ﬁve years of marriage, 20 pairs with a long marriage experience–atleast twenty years of married life). Obtained statistically signiﬁcant diﬀerences in the level of empathy for women and theirpartners. Wives’s empathy signiﬁcantly out numbered men. Couples with a short experience, compared with pairs of long length of marriage, more often recognized as the most important value for them – love. Studies have shown that variable, that is the marital satisfaction dependson the mutual openness of partners. Conﬁrmed statistically signiﬁcant diﬀerences in the level of marital satisfaction between couples who obtained high and low rates of openness. Made the analysis conﬁrmed the correlation between marital satisfaction and satisfaction with life among both short-term marriages and long term.

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W perspektywie Innego. Czytanie opowiadań Irit Amiel w kontekście psychologii międzykulturowej

Author(s): Adam Regiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2019

Intercultural psychlogy is a discipline within cultural studies. It is of an interdisciplinary character, combining the philosophy of meeting, imagology, and discourse and becomes the part of the metadiscourse practiced by cultural comparative studies. The article attempts to test the tool in reading Irit Amiel’s stories. The author is an Israeli writer who, in The Seared, deals with the topic of the Holocaust. Her biography – Jewish in origin, with her childhood in Poland, and wandering around Germany and Italy, finally stopping in a Palestinian haven – testifies to her intercultural pedigree. Amiel takes up the subject of the Holocaust after almost fifty years of silence, and she does so by showing different cultural points of view. Intercultural psychology discovers the framework of social behavior in which the characters move. This tool allows us to show that today “being seared” is one of the constitutive features of the Jewish culture.

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« Addictions » et comportements problématiques liés à Internet et aux réseaux sociaux. Synthèse critique des recherches et nouvelles perspectives

Author(s): Didier Courbet,Marie-Pierre FOURQUET-COURBET,Stéphane Amato / Language(s): French Issue: 25 (1)/2020

The explosive increase in the number of Internet users, frequencies and durations of connection, led to many scientific controversies on the question of Internet “addictions” (to online social networks, online gaming, online gambling, online pornography, smartphones). The debates are intensive to know if there are or not real addictions. This article presents a critical synthesis of models and major scientific research on these topics: how to define addictions related to the Internet and social networks? Are they new mental disorders or consequences of pre-existing psychological or psychosocial disorders? What are the risk factors predisposing to excessive and problematic uses and what are the consequences for those who suffer from them? Then we open new perspectives for multidisciplinary research to go beyond the addiction / non-addiction debate. We propose a communicational approach linking production and uses of digital devices and contextualizing problematic behaviors with the Internet. We give leads to better understand excessive Internet uses in their biological, psychological, social and economic complexity.

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Изследване на погледа при възприемане на елементите в страница от учебник по български език

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Изследване на погледа при възприемане на елементите в страница от учебник по български език

Author(s): Despina Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2021

A study about perception of a page from a textbook of Bulgarian is presented in the article. Participants in the experiment are 30 students of age 15 to 19 from high schools in Soﬁa. The study is realized through an eye tracking system. For the purposes of the study 8 stimuli (textbook pages) were constructed, containing the components as follows: “text”, “image”, and “diagram”. In each stimulus the quantity of the components differs. All possible pairs in a combination in the left and in the right ﬁeld of view are presented in the stimuli. The goal of the research is to be examined the ﬁxation of the gaze on each elements of a textbook page. To assess the characteristic of the gaze was calculated the number of saccades in the left and right visual ﬁeld of the slides. The data are organized in spreadsheets. Statistical analysis is performed in two-group t-test (two samples with different variances). Mean number of saccades, standard deviation, standard error, critical ratio are calculated.

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THE CONCEPT OF HABITUS - TOWARDS A COMPREHENSIVE SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY OF CAREER CHOICE

Author(s): Lucian Mocrei Rebrean / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2021

When searching for a sociological perspective on career choice-related problems, the issue of social rationality comes into focus. The labor markets provide structural opportunities, but are jobs simply allocated at a macro-social level, or individually chosen? By looking for an explanation strictly within a macro-social frame of reference, we came to a conclusion that may seem biased: social structure determines professional choices. But Structuralism fails to account for individual free will or social group influence. Group beliefs and values are always confronted with real labor market opportunities. We need theoretical models of career choice that can accommodate both the macro and micro social levels of understanding. We take Pierre Bourdieu's theory of praxis as a middle-range comprehensive theory rather than an all-encompassing explanation because it is not based on a priori statements but on empirical data. The rationality of social actors cannot be understood without comprehending their shared aspirations, motivations, constraints, beliefs and values, all of which are linked to their pragmatic rationality.This notion efficiently describes the permanent negotiations between the micro and macro levels of social existence, leading us to the concept of habitus. The individual physical, practical, emotional and cognitive dispositions that constitute the habitus, are continuously mediated by social structures. Negotiated within specific social fields, career decisions emerge as an interaction between the two levels.

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Анкета профил на служители в психиатрична практика (част от емпирично изследване)

Author(s): Marita Minkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

This article draws attention to a self-created survey designed for the purposes and needs of an empirical study for a dissertation on emotional intelligence and burnout in psychiatric practice. The survey was used as part of a complex research methodology including standardized tests. The information obtained and the results of the survey are intended to describe the profile of employees in the same organization in psychiatric practice at the time of the study. The questions are focused on the following aspects: subjective perception of the respondents regarding their work; leisure activities, annual leave and the attitude towards it, sports, healthy eating, and influence of the pandemic situation on emotions.

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