SUBIECTUL CA FENOMEN ÎN STADIUL OGLINZII

Author(s): Cristian Bodea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 13/2015

Taking as a starting point the subject’s development phase that Jacques Lacan calls the mirror stage, our paper attempts to highlight some delicate points that such a phase presupposes. First of all, there is a subtle distinction between I and ego. The distinction is supposed to overcome mistaking the subject with subjectivity, a confusion often made as a consequence of the idea that consciousness is unitary and homogenous. Making such a distinction means understanding that the subject goes beyond the sphere of the imaginary (and, thus, beyond the sphere of humanity), in such a way that its origins are to be found at the frontier between reality and the real. It is in this junction point that Marc Richir’s phenomenological project can bring new knowledge with regard to the issue. However, since Richir’s phenomenological project relies on developing a non-symbolic phenomenology, knowledge susceptible of being brought about is in fact know-how, i.e. savoir-faire. This type of knowledge renders speaking beings able to face the truth about their consciousness, which consists in the latter’s defectiveness, non-circularity, and its being pierced by foreign intermittences described by Marc Richir as feral essences.

Provjera metrijskih karakteristika upitnika temperamenta i karaktera – TCI

Author(s): Almira Isić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 13/2015

The aim of this study was to verify the metric characteristics of TCI (Temperament and Character Inventory) on Bosnian population. TCI questionnaire is constructed for the purpose of empirical verification of psychobiological model of personality by Robert Cloninger et al (Cloninger, Przybeck, Svrakić and Wetzel, 1994). It consists of 240 items, grouped within the four Temperament Scales (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence and persistence) and four Character scales (self-directedness, cooperativness and self-transcendence). Metric characteristics of the TCI questionnaire were tested on a sample of 250 participants, students of the University of Zenica and the University of Tuzla. By verifying metric characteristics of TCI questionnaire results that are obtained are very similar to those of researchers in other countries. The results indicate that the value of Cronbach alpha coefficient for the subscales of temperament varies between 0.48 to 0.88, and for the subscales of character in the range from 0.80 to 0.84, indicating that this questionnaire has a satisfactory internal consistency. The scale of temperament Reward dependence (RD; r = 0.48) has a lower coefficient of internal consistency than allowed, which is the basis for additional operationalization and modification of the subscale. A factor analysis of TCI questionnaire separated factors, which correspond to the original four factor model of temperament and character tri-factor model, which indicates that this was an instrument that has a satisfactory structural validity.

Szkizofrén hangolt-lét és minimális öntudat – új alternatívák a szkizofrénia fenomenológiai pszichiátriájában

Author(s): Lajos Horváth / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 02/2017

SELF-IMAGE IN CHILDREN OF DIVORCED PARENTS

Author(s): Slagjana Angjelkoska,Gordana Stankovska,Dimitar Dimitrovski / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The family and its important role in the development of the child is the inspiration for many types of research that have the intention to emphasize certain aspects of family life and the consequences of the family relations in the development of the children.The issue of this research is to find out if there is a connection between the conflict in the family, the divorce of the parents and self-concept in the children of early school age. The research is conducted on 30 children of single-parent families. The children of these single-parent families are children who have lived in families with conflicts and they have been direct or indirect participants in the conflict of the divorced parents.In the process of research, we applied projective techniques: Machover which consists of drawing a person’s figure, as well as a drawing a house and a tree-HTP (House-Tree-Person).The results are obtained through qualitative analysis and interpretation of each drawing particularly.During the investigation the relation between the variables, it is confirmed that there is a considerable connection between the conflict in the family, the divorce of the parents and the self-concept in children. It is confirmed, during the process that the children of divorced parents from negative self-concept. In children of single-parent families it is indicated that this group of children in relation to the psychological picture for themselves presented the following characteristics: lowered EGO, mechanisms for defense, feeling of insecurity, low self-confidence, aggressiveness, great virility, and caution.

The state of being awake

Author(s): Any Docu-Axelerad,Daniel Docu-Axelerad / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

For a person to be conscious the main factor, condition and proof is the state of being awake. While the biological phenomenon of neuro circuit process is kept entirely functional at all times, the consciousness anatomic structures operate under different conditions as it is proved by many MRI scan and EEG supervision. Thalamus is an important key; it remains arousal and relays sensory, motor, and critical cortical circuits. Hypothalamic area and basal forebrain is involved in wake and sleep-promoting system. The ”Awake state” correlates with an abnormality in the midbrain, pons, thalamus, or cortex.

Personalizm w dzisiejszym świecie. Jakie problemy stoją przed definicją osoby?

Author(s): Jonasz Pawlaczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2016

Artykuł skupia się na pojęciu osoby i na personalizmie. Autor dzieli personalizm na dwa różne odłamy, z których pierwszy jest chrześcijański, a drugi świecki po to, aby jasno określić podłoże światopoglądowe z jakiego wychodzi w swoich rozważaniach. Pokazuje olbrzymią potrzebę ścisłego ustalenia definicji słowa osoba. Przywołuje najważniejsze dziedziny, w których to słowo jest niejako kluczowe dla rozwiązania wielu, w szczególności moralnych zagadnień. W swoich rozważaniach porusza problemy, z którymi boryka się medycyna oraz prawa zwierząt, które jak się wydaje, najbardziej upominają się o zdefiniowanie co oznacza bycie osobą.

DIFFERENCES IN SELF-PRESENTATION AND SELF-ESTEEM BETWEEN POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PERFECTIONISTS

Author(s): Anita Lauri Korajlija,Dora Kirigin / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Research focusing on relationship between perfectionism and self-esteem is rather new and offers various and sometimes contradictory findings. Furthermore, a relationship between per-fectionism and implicit self-esteem is still an under- investigated topic. The aim of this study was to explore differences in levels of implicit and explicit self-esteem and self-presentation between positive and negative perfectionists. One hundred and forty un-dergraduate psychology participants in two time points filled in the Self-Liking and Self- Competence Scale, the Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale, the Perfectionism Questionnaire, and the Im-plicit Associations Test. Results showed a significant difference in self-liking, nondisplay of imperfection, and nondisclosure of im-perfection between positive and negative perfectionists. Positive perfectionists scored significantly higher on self-liking, and lower on nondisplay and nondisclosure of imperfection than negative perfectionists did. Positive perfectionists also had significantly higher levels of implicit self-esteem. There was no significant difference in self-competence and perfectionistic self-promotion between positive and negative perfectionists.

Semiotyczne self a poznanie, przeżycie i tożsamość w koncepcjach psychologicznych

Author(s): Henryk Raszkiewicz / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 2/2017

Semiotic self has the ability to thinking through sign forms about phenomena which experiences and identity also occur in special sign representations. In activity the thought gets the sign forms representing phenomena, in the experience it has the symbolic form, in the reflection it gains the form of identity signs. Negligence in thinking of representation of action objects, feeling relations, and axiological reflection seems to be the reason why the social context of self in psychological conceptions becomes some anonymous society, abstract culture and history.

Fulton J. Sheen: Az életuntság két orvossága

Author(s): / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 01/2018

IDENTIFICATION OF MARKERS FOR MODELS OF MEANING CONSTRUCTS

Author(s): Irina Vladimirovna Abakumova,Godunov Mikhail V.,Anastasia Grishina / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Strategies of meaning formation are included in the highest level of regulation of an individual life. The article presents the results of empirical determination of the polar meaning strategies marker. In the initial modeling of the meaning formation processes, two polar strategies are proposed: adaptive and developmental. The system of personal meanings occupies a central place in the structure of the personality and is correlated with its properties manifested in interactions. For an empirical description of polar strategies, we developed nine scales of personality properties according to the type of private semantic differential. In these bipolar semantic scales, we used words that denote personality traits that act as indicators of meaning. An empirical study was carried out with the use of various techniques for studying semantic regulation of a person to determine a marker that allows one to identify these meaning strategies. The battery of tests included: the author’s private semantic differential, including nine scales of personality properties, “Test of life-sense orientations” (by D. A. Leontiev), test “Who Am I?” (by M. Kuhn), “Multiple intelligence test” (by G. Gardner), “Test of frustration tolerance” (by S. Rosenzweig), “Questionnaire of personality reflection” (by I. A. Stetsenko). An empirical sample (n = 145) found that a stable positive statistically significant correlation (p≤.05) exists only between the indicators of nine developed scales of personal properties and the indicator “Meaningfulness of life” in the “Test of life-sense orientations” by D.A. Leontiev. This indicator “Meaning-fulness of life” can be used as an indicator marker of polar strategies of meaning formation: adaptive and developmental. Its use contributes to a more effective study of the processes of meaning formation and reduces the laboriousness of diagnostic procedures.

Formation, Internalisation and Transformation of Personal Values

Author(s): Iulia-Cristina Timofti / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2020

The present study presents the complex process of generating and transforming personal values. It presents the major factors that influence the formation of values, the primary and secondary socialisation, and also the transformations that occur at an individual level.

Wydarzenia indywidualne i społeczne a wymiary tożsamości osobistej – badania empiryczne

Author(s): Aleksandra Witkowska,Dorota Mącik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

The article presents research findings that show how the dimensions of personal identity and human beliefs, emotions and values change in the context of individual or social events. The study tried to find an answer to the research question: What is the relationship between the dimension of personal identity and the social and individual experiences? The study involved 142 people, including 82 women and 60 men. The Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS) by Luyckx et al., in the Polish adaptation of Brzezinski and Piotrowski, was used to measure identity dimensions. The study was conducted in Poland. The thesis was that a single event has a greater impact on personal identity change than a social event. It has been shown that the quantity of social change influences the changes within the dimension of personal identity Ruminate Exploration more strongly, while the perception of an individual event by its nature has more influence on personal identity than the social event, especially in the dimension Identification with Obligation. The results may be relevant to clinical practice to understand the impact of different life events on a person’s development or regression with respect to his or her long-term decisions and goals.

Rozwój zasobów osobistych studentów kierunków pedagogicznych metodą design thinking

Author(s): Iryna Durkalevych / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

The aim of the article is to examine the issue of personal resources of young adults and effective methods of developing these resources in educational conditions, i.a. using the design thinking method. Currently, personal resources are discussed in the context of health psychology as factors conducive to the adaptation of an individual to new conditions, especially in stressful situations, as well as preventing professional burnout. The specific issues are particularly important in relation to the education of students who are preparing to work in teaching professions, and should also be of interest to university teachers. The results of contemporary research show that the personal resources of young adults in teaching and helping professions are low. Researchers indicate the need to create programs that foster the strengthening and development of personal resources, which are key factors in the professional success of young adults. An important solution in this direction is the design thinking method, which is one of the most interesting contemporary solutions in teaching and learning. The article describes how personal resources, such as curiosity, knowledge, empathy and social support, can be developed using the design thinking method.

Poczucie sensu życia kobiet w wieku średnim w sytuacji pandemii COVID-19. Studium przypadku

Author(s): Monika Dacka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

The sense of meaning in life is a basic human need, manifested in human aspirations and motivations. It is the result of a person’s development, resulting from the realisation of certain activities, values and life goals. Confronting difficult events, realising certain activities and making certain choices, a person discovers the meaning of his or her own life. The COVID-19 pandemic caused fear, a sense of isolation and economic insecurity. The hitherto normal life of many societies has been drastically and unexpectedly changed. The pandemic situation has contributed to a deterioration in physical and mental well-being. Loss of normality and grief over the difficulties of certain plans or intentions can contribute to a sense of emptiness, loss of meaning in life. The period of middle adulthood is a time of increased autonomy, detachment, self-analysis, and religious commitments. In middle adulthood, the question of the meaning of life and the hierarchy of values becomes particularly important. The midlife crisis and the first life balances can contribute to an increase in existential problems (related to the meaning of life, goals or life values). The aim of the article is to show the sources of a sense of meaning in life in middle-aged women in the COVID-19 pandemic situation. This case study shows the importance of three basic sources of a sense of meaning, which include creativity (realised activities), experiences (feeling connected to others) and attitude (deepening religious practices, finding deeper meaning in them, a different quality of relationship with God).

Tożsamość i (non)konformizm młodzieży z Ochotniczych Hufców Pracy

Author(s): Marta Izabela Sterlus / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

The article presents an analysis of the results of own research on the state of identity dimensions, identity styles and (non)conformism of youth living in the Voluntary Labor Corps. This is an important issue due to the need to update the diagnosis and individualize interventions in this group of young people. Three questionnaires were used in the study: the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS), the Identity Style Inventory (ISI-5) and the Creative Behavior Questionnaire (KANH III). The results of 60 girls and boys aged 16 to 18 were analyzed. Statistical analysis allows for the formulation of the following conclusions. Boys and girls did not differ in terms of their identity styles, while in terms of identity dimensions, boys achieved higher scores in terms on identity dimensions, such as Exploration in Breadth, Ruminative Exploration, Identification with Commitment, and Commitment. Moreover, girls have a higher level of (non)conformism than boys, which may suggest their greater inclination to take actions aimed at gaining attention, not always in a manner consistent with existing social rules and norms. The conducted research provides pedagogues and educators with knowledge supporting the accuracy and usefulness of activities aimed at increasing the quality of life’s start in adulthood of young people staying in the Voluntary Labor Corps.

Poziom samooceny wychowanków młodzieżowych ośrodków socjoterapeutycznych

Author(s): Katarzyna Nowak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

Self-esteem is one of the personal resources that determine an individual’s social functioning. Its level and adequacy play an important role in the process of proper social adaptation of adolescents. The aim of the study was to examine the level of self-esteem of socially maladjusted youth. The research group consisted of 157 mentees of youth sociotherapeutic centres. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) was used in the Polish adaptation of Dzwonkowska et al. Research questions were posed regarding the level of self-esteem in the group of respondents in general and in view of the influence of socio-demographic variables such as gender, age, place of residence, family economic status and time spent in the institution. The results of the research showed that the overall level of self-esteem of socially maladjusted youth is low, while within the adopted variables its moderator was age, place of residence and family economic status. It was found that a statistically significantly lower level of self-esteem is characteristic of socially maladjusted socially maladjusted youth in early adolescence, coming from county areas and families with poor financial situation. The data on the significance of the level of self-esteem for the functioning of socially maladjusted youth are inconclusive, hence it is worth continuing research in this direction. Their results may foster adequate therapeutic and upbringing and re-socialisation measures in youth re-socialisation centres.

Personal Determinants of Young Adults’ Willingness to Use OTC Painkillers

Author(s): Izabela M. Łukasik,Agnieszka Buczak / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

Introduction: OTC painkillers are among the most commonly used pharmaceuticals. The widespread availability of painkillers is not the only predictor of willingness to use them, although it may encourage underestimation of side effects, unwarranted use and overdose.Research Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between personal resources (self-efficacy, positive future orientation and locus of pain control), and willingness to use OTC painkillers.Method: A survey was conducted among 252 young adults aged 17–26 years, including 183 (72.6%) women and 69 (27.4%) men. A tool was constructed to study the willingness to use pain medication by referring to Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour. The scale has satisfactory psychometric properties.Results: Internal pain control, self-efficacy and positive future orientation promote caution in the use of OTC painkillers.People with high levels of self-efficacy and those with higher levels of positive future orientation show greater awareness of the health risks of OTC painkillers. A factor that increases willingness to take OTC painkillers is attributing the importance of random events for pain control. Respondents with a low level of internal pain control are statistically more likely, than those with a high level, to be in favour of eliminating suffering with painkillers, are more likely to use medication habitually.Conclusion: Personal resources such as locus of pain control, self-efficacy, and positive future orientation significantly modify willingness to use painkillers.

Cielesność i tożsamość podmiotu

Author(s): Anna Walczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 62/2023

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to present a synthetic description of corporeality (“including” the body) and its relation to the identity of the subject conceived in “yet another” way in contemporary humanistic and social discourse. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The main research problem addressed in this article concerns the relationship between corporeality and the identity of the subject. In order to establish it, it is necessary to ask the question what meanings are given to the body and corporeality in contemporary humanistic and social discourse. The author applies the principle of research framing based on a prior qualitative analysis of the selected literature on the subject. The individual sections of the paper address the most important aspects of the narrative on the body, corporeality and the identity of the subject. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION PROCESS: The first part of the paper presents the category, term and concept of the body in contemporary humanistic and social discourse. This serves as a pretext, but above all as a basis for reflecting on the impossibility of treating the body and corporeality separately. These considerations lead to disclosing the identification of corporeality (and, hence, the body, although the paper does not address the topics of having a body, being in the body, being outside the body) as the source and matrix of the subject’s identity. RESEARCH RESULTS: A conceptualisation of corporeality as the source and matrix of the subject’s identity is presented on the basis of a qualitative analysis of selected literature on the subject. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Assuming that when thinking about the subject and its identity, corporeality and its conceptualisations constitute their framework, what is important is what they are and how they can be different, also different from the conceptualisation presented in the paper, and how the subject and its identity are presented in their context.

Poczucie tożsamości młodzieży dorastającej. Badania jakościowe

Author(s): Marcin Kłosowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

Adolescence is a period of physical and mental transformation from childhood to adulthood. One of the most important tasks at that time is forming the sense of identity. According to Erikson (1968) an identity crisis occurs during that stage and the most important question appears “who am I?” The problem of the content and the form of the sense of identity among adolescents aged 13–19 has been discussed in the article. Qualitative research was conducted with the original tool among students of gymnasium and high school (the research was completed before the liquidation of gymnasium in Poland). 188 students participated in the study (N = 188, gymnasium students n = 96, high school students n = 92, mean age = 16.20). As a result of the analyzes, it turned out that there are some differences in the content and form of statements between gymnasium and high school students. It can also be stated that adolescents differ not only in specific content, but also in the ability or disability to answer the question about the individual sense of identity.

I have self-compassion so I feel sexy! Sexual satisfaction and self-compassion effects on self-esteem and body esteem

Author(s): Dagna Kocur,Łukasz Jach,MAGDALENA BEREK-ZAMORSKA,Paulina Kamińska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Body esteem, self-esteem, and sexual satisfaction influence people’s well-being so it is important to look for psychological factors that may contribute to their improvement. However, men and women differ in the factors that affect their body esteem, self-esteem, and sexual satisfaction. We analyzed links between men’s and women’s self-esteem, body esteem, sexual satisfaction, and self-compassion. The research involved 716 heterosexual participants (365 men and 351 women). All measured variables correlated positively; however, some correlations were stronger among women than among men. Mediation analyses revealed that sexual satisfaction directly affected women's body esteem but did not directly affect men's body esteem. Self-compassion and sexual satisfaction explained more variance in self-esteem and body esteem among women than among men. We explained observed differences in the contexts of the self-perception theory and the objectification theory.