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The Risks of Online Gambling for Younger Males: Insights from Czech National Surveys

Author(s): Šárka Licehammerová,Anastasia Ejova,Pavla Chomynová,Zuzana Tion Leštinová,Viktor Mravčík / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Compared to offline gambling forms, online gambling has been hypothesized to lead to a height ened risk of developing gambling pathology. Suggestions about who the risks apply to have varied. In light of the finding that online gambling and the associated financial difficulties are reported mostly by younger males, some hypotheses identify younger males as an at-risk group. An alternative possibility is that younger males simply display a trend that will emerge population-wide as online gambling proliferates. In this chapter, hypotheses about the population-wide and young-male-specific risks of online gambling are assessed using data from three nation wide Czech surveys.

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Hubnutí a chování spojené s jídlem u žen ve vynořující se dospělosti: Zdravotní důsledky a možnosti intervence

Author(s): Carlos A. Almenara,Nicola Kociánová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Ovlivňování váhy je v celosvětovém měřítku multimiliardovým průmyslem. Jeho hodnota byla stanovena na 158 miliard dolarů (Euromonitor International, 2015a), z čehož l2e usuzovat, že ovlivňuje velké množství lidí snažících se hlídat si váhu. Podle sociodemografických dat jsou klíčovou skupinou zákazníků tohoto průmyslu mladé ženy — 40 procent mladých žen si hlídá jídelníček za účelem udržet si svoji váhu (Euromonitor International, 2015c). V této kapitole se pomocí sociokulturního a vývojového přístupu pokusíme vysvětlit fenomén hubnutí během vynořující se dospělosti (od 18 do 29 let). Zároveň zde prezentujeme data z naší studie o chování spojeném s hubnutím u mladých českých žen v tomto období. Nastíníme možné zdravotní důsledky držení diet a hubnutí, na něž navážeme závěry našeho zkoumání a doporučeními pro zákonodárce zabývající se zdravotnictvím a veřejným zdravím.

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Před svatbou ne: Partnerské vztahy a otázky kolem předmanželského sexu u mladých v věřicích žen

Author(s): Marie Galatíková,Lenka Lacinová,Stanislav Ježek / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

V předchozích kapitolách jsme přiblížili podobu života současných mladých dospělých a popsali řadu faktorů, které ji ovlivňují a které lze svým způsobem pokládat za „nové”. I dnes však na mladé lidi mají vliv letité instituce, pro něž jsou tradice a dodržování pravidel z nich vyplývajících zcela zásadní. Jednou z nich je římskokatolická církev, která lpí na tradicích a vyzdvihuje například ideál rodiny. Uzavření manželství patří dokonce mezi jednu ze sedmi takzvaných svátostí, a proto církev trvá na dodržování takzvané „předmanželské čistoty”, tedy zákazu sexu před svatbou, což většinová společnost považuje za překonanou tradici. Jak jsme uvedli již dříve, doba uzavírání sňatků se v současné době posunula téměř o celou dekádu. Mladí lidé déle studují a zakládání rodiny je krom jiného spojeno také s řadou ekonomických nároků. Mladé věřící ženy se tak ocitají ve zcela jiné životní situaci než jejich matky a babičky. Jak se s těmito protichůdnými vlivy vyrovnávají? Na zodpovězení této otázky a seznámení se zkušenostmi některých mladých věřících žen se zaměřila kvalitativní studie, jejíž výsledky přináší tato kapitola.

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Vztah věku, genderu a dispozičního optimismu k chování souvisejícímu se zdravím

Author(s): Iva Burešová,Martin Jelínek,Helena Klimusová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Každý jedinec prochází v průběhu života celou řadou významných změn v mnoha oblastech svého vývoje, které probíhají na kontinuu od postupného růstu až k postupné degradaci, přičemž se jedinec mění nejen po stránce fyzické a psychické, ale významnými změnami prochází i jeho pozice ve společnosti a role v sociálních vztazích. Všechny tyto postupně probíhající změny se s různou mírou intenzity promítají i v uplatňovaném chování souvisejícím se zdravím, přičemž jej mohou ovlivňovat jak v pozitivním, tak i v negativním směru, což se následně odráží na subjektivně vnímaném i objektivně hodnoceném zdravotním stavu každého jedince. Z historického i současného hlediska se u jednotlivých autorů výrazným způsobem liší šíře úhlu pohledu na zdraví, od definic určujících zdraví jako pouhou nepřítomnost nemoci (Brannon, & Feist, 2009) až po velmi široký kontext intervenujících proměnných, v jejichž rámci je zdraví popisováno (Albery, & Munafó, 2008; Rohleder, 2012; Rosen, & Imperato, 2015). I samotná definice zdraví prošla komplikovaným vývojem od čistě biologického vnímání pojmu zdraví přes integraci sociálního a později i psychologického hlediska až k nynějšímu holistickému pojetí, reflektujícímu jak dynamiku vývoje zdravotního stavu v čase (na úrovni ontogeneze jedince i vývoje změn na škále mezi zdravím a nemocí), tak i systémový přístup ke zdraví ve všech jeho stěžejních souvislostech, založený na principech cirkulární kauzality (Egger, 2013).

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Jak probíhá změna: případové studie jednotlivých učitelů

Author(s): Klára Šeďová,Roman Švaříček,Martin Sedláček,Zuzana Šalamounová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

V předchozí kapitole jsme doložili, že v důsledku participace učitelů v našem rozvojovém programu došlo k významným změnám v povaze komunikace ve sledovaných třídách. Často se konstatuje, že efektivita vzdělávacích programů usilujících o změnu způsobu výuky je omezená, neboť v konečném důsledku jen zřídka dochází k modifikaci reálného jednání učitele (viz Adey, 2006; Butler et al., 2004; Reznitskaya & Gregory, 2013; Van den Bergh et al., 2015). Přestože změnit výukové postupy a jednání učitele ve třídě je velmi obtížné (Van den Bergh et al., 2015), úspěšné programy existují a je nutné identifikovat bazální mechanismy, které způsobují, že jsou některé programy efektivnější než jiné (Berson et al., 2015). Vzhledem k tomu, že náš program můžeme řadit mezi úspěšné, bude následující část této knihy věnována právě otázce, jaké okolnosti a mechanismy způsobily, že se implementace dialogického vyučování v našem projektu zdařila.

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The Persuasive Potential of Storytelling in Professions of Contemporary Communication

Author(s): Stefania Bejan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

An interdisciplinary look on the emotional “portrait” that postmodern society has been offering us for the past decades could use the lens of the authors who imperatively announce the mobilization of emotions by appealing to stories, “heart-opening” histories. The narrative skills held by communication professionals become indispensable in an era of “emotions management”, “emotions marketing”, along with their transformation into goods, ready to be evaluated, quantified, dissected... (É. Illonz). The appeal to emotions is more “human” in a hyper-technological era, communication is personalized in an era of standardization, of informational uniformity. It is also more efficient, since the art of “exploiting” emotions (through psychological persuasion) brings benefits for the purpose of obtaining awareness and the participation of social actors. Practiced in politics, media, business, NGOs etc., the appeal to emotions mobilizes people and humanizes organizations. In this context, we aim to highlight the virtues of emotion management through the storytelling technique in two successful samples: Magic HOME and PRIME.

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COMPORTAMENTE PRO-NATURĂ ȘI SĂNĂTATE

Author(s): Gabriela Marinescu,Cristina Maria Stoica / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Focusing on reciprocity between nature and humans can be the key to invigorating planetary health. The crisis triggered by the COVID-19 virus has shown a disoriented world, forced to suddenly accept uncertainty and risk. At the moment, everyone needs better information from governments, medical staff and social networks. Better information is needed to guide decisions, behaviors and actions and to monitor their impact. News and decisions are often contradictory, alarming and sometimes incoherent. Excessive statistics and information about the evolution of the virus create confusion, panic and some of the most contradictory behaviors. Many stand in line for vaccination, others completely reject the idea. Silent or vehement! The pandemic has brought worldwide solidarity, the awakening of altruism, the revival of pro-humanity feelings, sacrifices to save lives, a different attitude towards nature devastated by human actions. But the pandemic has also highlighted selfishness, discrimination, violence, indifference, xenophobia, racism. Violence and crime are on the rise, people are regressing morally. Health is already precarious and life is in danger. Nature is devastated, pollution is excessive, famines, droughts, fires, wars, attacks, diseases are more and more numerous, and some people do not seem to care. Materiality, consumerism and social networks have conquered. People imitate models and continue to use excess plastic, deforest forests, buy cars, clothes and much more as is the fashion. The global movement triggered by the virus has brought to the fore the truly serious problems of humanity: the health of humans and nature. The role of the cultural context for behaviors for human and planetary health is underlined, first of all, by the O.M.S, which in the agenda for 2030 emphasizes the need to consider cultural values as a key factor for health policies and systems. Cultural behaviors influence many phenomena, but for health, common beliefs, practices and conventional values have a profound impact through: nutrition, behaviors towards quality of life, environment and migration. Improving healthy policies and systems must take into account cultural contexts (WHO, 2020, Culture matters, p.9). The systematic neglect of culture in human and natural health is the biggest obstacle to advancing to a high standard of health worldwide (Napier, 2014). The idea of this paper is to invite everyone to reflect on the actions and behaviors that converge to save the planet and life; step by step, day by day. Without saying: I don't care! These are behaviors for the health of humans and the planet. Each of us can contribute to the real improvement of life on earth. The paper presents the results of a descriptive research, based on studies, research, official reports, which aimed at a brief presentation of the role of cultural behaviors on human health and nature.

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DEVELOPMENT OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES IN CENTRAL EUROPE: HEALTH POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF THE SITUATION IN SWITZERLAND, GERMANY AND THE NETHERLANDS

Author(s): Klaus Schmeck,Susanne Schlüter-Müller / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Child and adolescent psychiatry is a young medical specialty that is in charge of mentally disturbed children and adolescents and their families. The discipline is in close contact with pediatrics and general psychiatry as well as with psychology, educational sciences and social work. In the core of child and adolescent psychiatry are the developmental perspective and the social psychiatric approach that integrates the family system and other relevant psychosocial systems like school or peer-groups. Developmental psychopathology approaches are the basis of all etiological explanations of child psychiatric disorders. In central Europe, child and adolescent psychiatry has evolved in different ways. Switzerland has the highest concentration of child and adolescent psychiatrists worldwide and, as a consequence, is focused mainly on individual psychotherapeutic approaches. In Germany, the number of child and adolescent psychiatrists has been insufficient for a long period of time so that the approach is more focused on social psychiatry where a child and adolescent psychiatrist leads a team of psychologists, social pedagogues and social workers. In the Netherlands child and adolescent psychiatry is clearly focused on evidenced based medicine, but has been taken out of the medical system in 2015 and has become part of community care together with social work and therapeutic pedagogy. In many Balkan countries child and adolescent psychiatry has a long tradition but the number of child and adolescent psychiatrists is low in comparison to western and central European countries. Currently there are many threats that endanger child and adolescent psychiatry as an independent and powerful medical specialty that is of high relevance to compete the various challenges for children and adolescents in modern societies and especially in societies in transition.

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MENTAL HEALTH CARE IN SERBIA – CHILD AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH (CAMH)

Author(s): Milica Pejović Milovančević,Vladimir Miletić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Child and adolescent psychiatry (developmental psychiatry) is a relatively young branch of psychiatry and a very young discipline in Serbia. With the advancement of clinical knowledge, research, education and professional activities, new challenges are constantly arising in the field. It had been developing in Serbia for the past fifty years and now represents a separate professional discipline which encompasses specific diagnostic procedures, treatment, prevention, rehabilitation and research of disorders of emotional, social and cognitive development of children and adolescents. In this article we discuss historical perspectives of child psychiatry in Serbia, its current states, challenges and we outline further possibilities of development.

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PARTICULARITĂȚI ALE PREOCUPĂRII PENTRU STUDIU ÎN RÂNDUL ADOLESCENȚILOR

Author(s): Traian Hoidrag / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Preoccupation for study among adolescents is an accepted behavior, desired and even stimulated by society, whether we are referring to parents or teachers. The literature mentions multiple positive effects of involvement in the study, such as the development of memory skills, concentration, decision making and reasoning, a psychological well-being, by facilitating increased self-esteem, awareness, tolerance of rules and intellectual effort, and socially maximizes the chances of continuing studies at a reputable university or finding a better-rated job in the future. These reasons, as well as many others, still maintain this preoccupation for study among the current generation of teenagers. At the same time, there is the opinion that this preoccupation for the study, if on the one hand exceeds a certain intensity and frequency, and on the other hand if it meets certain criteria (eg: prioritizing the study over other activities, experiencing tolerance, withdrawal, intra- and interpersonal conflicts, and psycho-emotional problems) specific to addictive behaviors, would be an addiction. Therefore, paying attention to this type of behavior in adolescents, from parents and teachers, would help to identify and treat such an addiction early and prevent the occurrence of possible psychological, social and educational problems

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A MULTISPECTRAL STRATEGIC APPROACH IN DEVELOPING CRITICAL THINKING IN STUDENTS

Author(s): Nina Bîrnaz,Nadejda Butnari,Lilian Rață / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper highlights the importance of critical thinking in an era of rapid change. Critical thinking is a system of judgements that contributes to formulating conclusions, ideas, interpretations, and their applicability to concrete situations and problem-solving. Therefore, the educational approach aimed at developing critical thinking in students combines two different dimensions, namely, the axiological and the cognitive dimensions. Based on these directions, we propose the "4 What" strategy for the development of critical thinking in students. The strategy involves a matrix of four interrelated components: critical thinking development attitudes, critical thinking development skills, manifestations of critical thinking behaviour, and critical thinking development methods, as well as ten stages reflecting the consecutiveness of the critical thinking process.

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Spotrebiteľské správanie v kontexte vybraných socio-demografických charakteristík

Author(s): Tatiana Lorincová,Ivana Ondrijová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Consumer materialism is defined as the accumulation of property and subsequent exposure of this property to admiration. Compulsive consumer behavior is a compulsive activity aimed at uncontrolled shopping and consumption. Ethnocentric consumers consider purchasing foreign products to be a bad act in view of the impact on the domestic economy. Objectives. The aim of the contribution is to examine specific forms of consumer behavior in terms of gender and consumer education. Method. The research sample consisted of 160 respondents, namely 95 women and 65 men aged 18-65 (m = 35,621, SD = 2,578). For the research purposes, the Consumer Ethnocentric Tendencies Scale (CETSCALE) was used by Shimpa and Sharma (1987) to determine the level of consumer ethnocentrism. Consumer behavior was also found in two sub-scales inspired by Schiffman and Kanuk (2004), namely the subconscious of consumer materialism and the subconscious of compulsive consumer behavior. Results. Using t-tests for two independent samples were found statistically significant differences in the level of compulsive consumer behavior in favor of women. At the level of consumer ethnocentrism, consumer materialism and compulsive consumer behavior, there were no statistically significant differences in the secondary and higher education of respondents. Limitations. The limitation of research study is an occasional choice of research sample.

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Premena energie — rituálne správanie a umelecká tvorba

Author(s): Júlia Zorkovská / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Označenie rituál patrí k výnimočne často zneužívaným slovám dodávajúc tak jeho objektu a subjektu magický význam. Jeho zneužiteľnosť však pochádza z jeho vlastností – stretáva sa s ním naozaj každý, jeho definícia je skutočne široká, pretože rozdiely medzi použitím v prenesenom a pôvodnom význame sa často zmazávajú. Slová Roberta Fulghuma popisujú zvyky (rituály), ktoré nám dávajú istotu a slobodu. No tak, ako v takmer každej oblasti, pokiaľ nám rituál prerastie cez hlavu, môže nám slobodu práve brať – cez úporné hľadanie istoty, ktorej nedostatok pochádza z hlbokých príčin, cez činnosti, ktoré nám môžu v konečnom dôsledku škodiť.

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ANALÝZA RIZIKOVÝCH FAKTORŮ ŽIVOTNÍHO STYLU ŽÁKŮ ZÁKLADNÍ ŠKOLY

Author(s): Petr Kachlík / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

A range of risk factors, so-called civilization diseases, begins to develop in childhood and fully manifested in adulthood. It is important to point out these factors and affect them with appropriate preventive activities. The chapter contains the results of the research carried out on a sample of elementary school pupils. The quantitative survey uses a method of an anonymous questionnaire sent to 100 pupils attending the selected elementary school. Several areas of life style (nutrition, physical activity, risk behaviour of addiction, sleep, leisure) were mapped. The final results show that the pupils participated in the research do not respect the principles of the healthy lifestyle to the extent necessary. Their knowledge and habits are average. The research reveals that the emphasis should be focused on nutrition composition and regularity in eating, drinking regime, the strengthening movement and reducing the risks for substance abuse.

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Students With Identified Needs and IBME

Author(s): Lukáš Másilko,Clare Trott / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this chapter we will focus on students with identified needs and try to analyse the differences they may display when participating in inquiry-based mathematics education. Students in universities are diverse by their characteristics and it is difficult to comply with all their needs individually and on demand. Therefore, we will follow the social model of disability and its main idea emphasising the responsibility of educational institutions as the key factor in creating an inclusive learning environment (see Section 4.2). According to our own perspective as explained in Section 4.3 it is much easier to be prepared in advance to try to satisfy all the possible students' needs, preferences and requirements. In Section 4.6, we will introduce readers to the principles of Universal Design, a methodology to follow if one wants to create an inclusive learning environment that reaches the needs of as many learners as possible. However, it is necessary to know the specific needs of each student, and therefore the categorisation of the needs should rather help to and appropriate support, methods, forms and tools in the learning process" (Ceresnova, 2018, p. 16). Such typology of students with identified needs will be introduced in Section 4.4 and followed by a detailed study of students' differences when they undertake an inquiry within university mathematics courses (Section 4.5).

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Prežívanie strachu zo šikanovania v súvislosti s percepciou sociálnej opory od učiteľov a spolužiakov

Author(s): Maria Dědová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with survival, fear and bullying behavior in school environment. Post reports on partial results of the research, which is part of an international project bullying at school as a process - social-cognitive analysis of class bullying. The sample consists of 302 students 6th grade of elementary school (145 boys and 157 girls). It refers to the relationship of perception of social support and survival fear of bullying. Social support was measured using The scale of child and adolescent social support (Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale-Revised; CASSS-R, Malecki et al., 2000), and for analyzing bullying behavior was used a shortened version of the questionnaire on bullying for primary school pupils ( Olweus, 2006) and adaptation in their peer nominations Guess Who (Guess who, Coie & Dodge, 1988). Research results suggest that teachers and classmates are important people who influence the survival rate fear of bullying.

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The Relationship of Smart Phone Addiction and Lonely in Geriatric Individuals

Author(s): Feyza Dalaylı / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

People who are physically alone in their old age may experience problems in terms of both psychological and physical health. Studies on the subject show that loneliness increases with age (Pinquart & Sorensen, 2001; Hawkley & Cacioppo, 2010). Therefore, it is inevitable for elderly individuals to want to engage in various activities in order to evaluate the periods when they are alone. It is thought that the beginning of digitalization in all areas of life and the increase in the use of smart devices are more common especially among individuals who are alone. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction and loneliness in geriatric, in other words, elderly individuals. Interviews were conducted with 8 elderly individuals via smartphones, both on Instagram, which is a social media environment, and WhatsApp, which is a phone chat application. At the same time, they became friends with these people on their WhatsApp and Instagram accounts and their profiles were examined in detail for 30 days. In order to make analysis based on gender, 4 individuals were selected as male and 4 individuals as female. At the same time, these interviews were made through certain periods and at the same time, the time intervals they spent on their smart phones were tried to be determined.

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Yöneticilerin Korkulu Rüyası: Sessiz İstifa

Author(s): Mustafa Atsan / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The negative effects of the pandemic that shook the whole world are seen in working life as well as in every field. The changing working order of the employees, staying away from social life, and the chaos in working hours have increased the stress and burnout. In this context, we see these situations among the reasons for the concept of quite quitting, which we discussed in this study. Since there has not been much work on the concept of quite quitting, which has emerged with a new trend, limited studies are evaluated in this study, and the problems experienced by employees in business life are mentioned. The findings of the studies carried out prove this situation. In this study, which is tried to be explained conceptually, it is seen that the problems of individuals who experience the feeling of quite quitting are burnout, stress level, career barriers, wage problems, lack of value, etc.

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Prevention of self-destructive addictions

Author(s): Markéta Požárová,Alice Prokopová,Jitka Slaná Reissmannová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Self-destructive addictions include for example overuse alcohol use or smoking. In the Czech Republic, alcohol consumption is still very popular and for many people it is not risky to overuse it. Unfortunately, the number of people addicted to alcohol is not declining, which is why primary prevention is still very important. Primary prevention takes place from an early age in the family, but the school itself is an irreplaceable component of primary prevention. In the schools primary prevention takes place mainly in the subject of health education. Unfortunately, despite the exclusive position of primary prevention in schools, its effectiveness is ineffective. The biggest mistakes in primary prevention include intimidation, targeting the pupil's cognitive component, unconceptual conception or condemnation of addicts and emphasizing their weakness. The paper focuses on alcoholism as a maladaptation to a crisis situation in connection with its prevention in elementary school. Sinha (2009) draws attention to the connection between alcoholism and maladaptation in his research. The research used an analysis of the literature, research and articles from which the theoretical basis was created and then the qualitative research itself was conducted, which consisted of narrative interviews with five respondents who had experienced a crisis, used maladaptive strategies and subsequently became alcoholics. Then, case studies were written from the statements of the respondents, which were also used in the methodological materials created as didactic transformations for elementary school teachers. The results of the research show the connection between maladaptive strategies and the progress of alcohol dependence and the necessary systematic connection in primary prevention so that the student understands this issue in a context not randomly. In connection with primary prevention at elementary school were created 10 methodological materials for elementary school teachers, which will provide didactic transformation. The methodological materials therefore form a complex of preparations on the topic of self-destructive addictions, where in addition to the issue of addictions, students are also introduced to topics such as mental illness, violent behavior, adaptive and maladaptive strategies, crises and the use of relaxation techniques. Thus, the materials point to an important connection between these topics, thanks to which students would be given a systematic and comprehensive view of self-destructive addictions.

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UNDERSTANDING OLDER CONSUMERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR RETAILERS IN CROATIA

Author(s): Ljerka Sedlan Kőnig / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Researching the shopping behavior of older consumers (65 years and older) is important because this population segment is expected to grow in the coming years. Understanding their preferences and challenges will help businesses adapt and meet the needs of this important consumer group. Older consumers may have different needs and preferences than younger consumers, such as a preference for brick-and-mortar stores over online shopping and a desire for knowledgeable and helpful sales staff. They may also have issues such as limited mobility and difficulty with technology. By understanding these preferences and challenges, companies can improve the shopping experience for older consumers, increasing their loyalty and boosting sales. In addition, addressing older consumers’ needs can positively impact the community and society as a whole. Specific information about research on the shopping behavior of older consumers in Croatia is scarce. However, reviewing previous studies and articles on the shopping behavior of older consumers in other countries and regions may provide relevant information that could be applied to the Croatian context.

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