DAS ‚UNHEIMLICHE’ BEI SIGMUND FREUD ALS SYNTHESE AUS LITERATUR- UND PSYCHOANALYSE

Author(s): Özlem Tekin / Language(s): German Issue: 07/2016

Sigmund Freud, a scientist, whose significance in the field of psychology and in many other scientific disciplines is undeniable to this today, merges and implements his psychoanalytical insights to the analysis of literary works in his essay The Uncanny (1919) in order to illuminate the 'uncanny' phenomenon. What exactly is the 'uncanny'? By which factors is it determined? How does Sigmund Freud apply his insights from psychoanalysis to explain the phenomenon in literature, and in turn to get closer to the understanding of the 'uncanny' as such? And what is the use of the synthesis of literary analysis and psychoanalysis for literary studies? The aim of this paper is to address these questions by following Freud's essay The Uncanny (1919). First of all, the narrowing of the definition of the 'uncanny' derived from Freud's etymological considerations needs to be carried out. In the following step, the 'uncanny' derived from his psychoanalysis needs to be differentiated into the 'uncanny of experience' and into the 'uncanny of fiction'. On this basis the 'uncanny' is then to be applied specifically to the works of literature resulting in their Freudian psychoanalytic interpretation. In conclusion, the beneficial implications of combining literary analysis and psychoanalysis to the study of the 'uncanny' phenomenon and to the literary studies are to be evaluated.

Z dziejów Bożej niemocy

Author(s): Zofia Sajdek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2012

In the beginning the article is an attempt to answer the question whether there are conclusive arguments for non-existence of the God’s omnipotence. Maybe it is impossible to conclude because that depends on interpretation; e.g. Auschwitz can mean Yahweh abandoned His people or – on the contrary – it was a divine miracle they survived. On the other hand some philosophers argue that the radical evil eliminates freedom of interpretation – e.g. raping children cannot be a creation of a loving and powerful Creator. The study of the opinion of Slovenian thinker Slavoj Žižek leads to a „compromising” conclusion: the history of God’s impotence and people’s silence prove that an imperfect Creator is one before whom man can either fall to his knees or dance.

Reprezentări arhetipale ale outsiderului în proza lui Max Blecher

Author(s): Nicoleta Hristu (Hurmuzache) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2015

The paper aims at identifying the markers of the Judaic profile of writer Max Blecher, concealed in the representation of some archetypal pattern fictionally transposed in his prose under the guise of various identities. Applying Gustav Jung’s psychoanalytical theory, which prefigures the collective unconscious actualized in the inner figures known as personae, one identifies in Blecher’s novels character types which tacitly ensconce the figure of the stranger, of the other. The paper exemplifies this imago suite (the mannequin, the harlequin, the hero, the madman, the animalic and the invalid,), revealing their specific behavioral manifestations which lead to an ontological crisis, a recurrent theme of Max Blecher’s novels. Thus, the last invariant proves to be the most authentic archetype, the author being traceable in the typology of the invalid without turning his disease into a myth and, at the same time, assuming the Jewish identity, at the risk of damnation in a profoundly anti-Semitic period.

Psychometric Properties of the Internet Addiction Test in Turkish

Author(s): Fatih Kaya,Erhan Delen,Kimberly S. Young / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

In this study, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was adapted to Turkish language, which was originally developed by Young (1998) in English to measure the presence and severity of the Internet dependency. The main purpose was to ensure that the psychometric features and the factor structure of the test were suitable for Turkish university students. Method: The study was conducted in two sequent phases. Participants were 990 undergraduate students from several public universities in Turkey. Results: In the first phase, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied to figure out the factor structure of the Turkish version of the IAT. The EFA revealed four factors, which explained 46.02% of the total variance. In the following phase, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted with a different sample, to verify the factor structure that was found in the initial EFA. The CFA resulted four-factor model was satisfactory for the Turkish version of the IAT. These four factors were named as Mood, Relationship, Responsibilities, and Duration. Conclusions: Based on the findings, the administration of Turkish version of the IAT provided acceptable results on undergraduate students.

Serum BDNF Levels in Patients with Gambling Disorder are Associated with the Severity of Gambling Disorder and Iowa Gambling Task Indices

Author(s): Sam-Wook Choi,Young-Chul Shin,Jung Yeon Mok,Dai-Jin Kim,Jung-Seok Choi,Samuel Suk-Hyun Hwang / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Gambling disorder (GD) shares many similarities with substance use disorders (SUDs) in clinical, neurobiological, and neurocognitive features, including decision-making. We evaluated the relationships among, GD, decision-making, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as measured by serum BDNF levels. Methods: Twenty-one male patients with GD and 21 healthy sex- and age-matched control subjects were evaluated for associations between serum BDNF levels and the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), as well as between serum BDNF levels and Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) indices. Results: The mean serum BDNF levels were significantly increased in patients with GD compared to healthy controls. A significant correlation between serum BDNF levels and PGSI scores was found when controlling for age, depression, and duration of GD. A significant negative correlation was obtained between serum BDNF levels and IGT improvement scores. Discussion: These findings support the hypothesis that serum BDNF levels constitute a dual biomarker for the neuroendocrine changes and the severity of GD in patients. Serum BDNF level may serve as an indicator of poor decision-making performance and learning processes in GD and help to identify the common physiological underpinnings between GD and SUDs.

Pathological Gambling and Associated Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Emotion Regulation, and Anxious-Depressive Symptomatology

Author(s): Paula Jauregui,Ana Estévez,Irache Urbiola / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Pathological gambling is associated with comorbid disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and drug and alcohol abuse. Difficulties of emotion regulation may be one of the factors related to the presence of addictive disorders, along with comorbid symptomatology in pathological gamblers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the difficulties of emotion regulation, drug and alcohol abuse, and anxious and depressive symptomatology in pathological gamblers, and the mediating role of difficulties of emotion regulation between anxiety and pathological gambling. Methods: The study sample included 167 male pathological gamblers (mean age = 39.29 years) and 107 non-gamblers (mean age = 33.43 years). Pathological gambling (SOGS), difficulties of emotion regulation (DERS), drug and alcohol abuse (MUTICAGE CAD-4), and anxious and depressive symptomatology (SA-45) were measured. Student’s t, Pearson’s r, stepwise multiple linear regression and multiple mediation analyses were conducted. The study was approved by an Investigational Review Board. Results: Relative to nongamblers, pathological gamblers exhibited greater difficulties of emotion regulation, as well as more anxiety, depression, and drug abuse. Moreover, pathological gambling correlated with emotion regulation difficulties, anxiety, depression, and drug abuse. Besides, emotion regulation difficulties correlated with and predicted pathological gambling, drug and alcohol abuse, and anxious and depressive symptomatology. Finally, emotion regulation difficulties mediated the relationship between anxiety and pathological gambling controlling the effect of age, both when controlling and not controlling for the effect of other abuses. Discussion and conclusions: These results suggest that difficulties of emotion regulation may provide new keys to understanding and treating pathological gambling and comorbid disorders.

Gambling disorders, gambling type preferences, and psychiatric comorbidity among the Thai general population: Results of the 2013 National Mental Health Survey

Author(s): Sawitri Assanangkornchai,Edward B. McNeil,Nopporn Tantirangsee,Phunnapa Kittirattanapaiboon / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

To estimate the prevalence of problem and pathological gambling, gender and age-group differences in gambling types, and comorbidities with other psychiatric disorders among the Thai general population. Methods: Analysis was conducted on 4,727 participants of Thailand’s 2013 National Mental Health Survey, a multistage stratified cluster survey, using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Diagnoses of problem and pathological gambling and other psychiatric disorders were based on the DSM-IV-TR criteria with the following additional criteria for gamblers: more than 10 lifetime gambling episodes and a single year loss of at least 365 USD from gambling. Results: The estimated lifetime prevalence rates of pathological and problem gambling were 0.90% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51–1.29] and 1.14% (95% CI: 0.58–1.70), respectively. The most popular type of gambling was playing lotteries [69.5%, standard error (SE) = 1.9], the prevalence of which was significantly higher among females and older age groups. The most common psychiatric disorders seen among pathological gamblers were alcohol abuse (57.4%), nicotine dependence (49.5%), and any drug use disorder (16.2%). Pathological gambling was highly prevalent among those who ever experienced major depressive episodes (5.5%), any drug dependence (5.1%), and intermittent explosive disorder (4.8%). The association between pathological gambling was strongest with a history of major depressive episode [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 10.4, 95% CI: 2.80–38.4]. Conclusion: The study confirms the recognition of gambling disorders as a public health concern in Thailand and suggests a need for culturally specific preventive measures for pathological gamblers and those with a history of substance use disorders or major depression.

Relationships Between Problem-Gambling Severity and Psychopathology as Moderated by Income

Author(s): Rachel L. Sanacora,Seth W. Whiting,Corey E. Pilver,Rani A. Hoff,Marc N. Potenza / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

Problem and pathological gambling have been associated with elevated rates of both Axis-I and Axis-II psychiatric disorders. Although both problem gambling and psychiatric disorders have been reported as being more prevalent among lower income vs. middle/higher income groups, how income might moderate the relationship between problem-gambling severity and psychopathology is incompletely understood. To examine the associations between problem-gambling severity and psychopathology in lower income and middle/higher income groups. Methods: Data from the first wave of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) (n = 43,093) were analyzed in adjusted logistic regression models to investigate the relationships between problem-gambling severity and psychiatric disorders within and across income groups. Results: Greater problem gambling severity was associated with increased odds of multiple psychiatric disorders for both lower income and middle/higher income groups. Income moderated the association between problem/pathological gambling and alcohol abuse/dependence, with a stronger association seen among middle/higher income respondents than among lower income respondents. Discussion and conclusions: The findings that problem-gambling severity is related to psychopathology across income groups suggest a need for public health initiatives across social strata to reduce the impact that problem/pathological gambling may have in relation to psychopathology. Middle/higher income populations, perhaps owing to the availability of more “disposable income,” may be at greater risk for co-occurring gambling and alcohol-use psychopathology and may benefit preferentially from interventions targeting both gambling and alcohol use.

A psychoanalytic reading of Tanure Ojaide’s poetry

Author(s): Solomon Awuzie / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Psychoanalysis as a literary theory has helped to improve understanding about “human behaviour and human mental functioning.” This is achieved through its perception of the human race as neurotic. However, with its application in poetic interpretation, poetry is perceived as an expression of displaced neurotic conflict: a consoling illusion, symptom, socially acceptable phantasy or substitute gratification. With the psychoanalytic reading of the poetry of Tanure Ojaide, an Anglophone African poet, poetry is understood as an expression of symptoms of the poet’s personal and societal neurotic tendencies. Since our emphasis is on Jungian psychoanalysis, analyzing Ojaide’s poetry through the orbits of the archetypes of Jungian psychoanalysis help to foreground the poetry as a consoling illusion or substitute gratification. Whereas the study reveals that Ojaide’s poetry is dominated by the archetype of the “wounded healer” - a symbol of a wounded personality who also doubles as the needed messiah (the healer), it is depicted that the dominant nature of the archetype of the “wounded healer” is a result of the poet’s experience which is at the centre of his poetic expression.

Postmedijski svet umetnosti: od optičkog nesvesnog do teorije afekta

Author(s): Bojana Matejić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 04/2013

The thesis of this paper implies two assumptions: Although the term visual culture theory has been often used as a synonym for domain of new visual studies in the wider literature today, it is unusualy important to consider and underscore the limits of their methodological approach. While the visual culture theory is based on the application of visual cultural representation theory’s methods – the theory of ideology, discursive analysis, critical theory, semiology, sign theory, art history, anthropology, etc., the plane of new visual studies examines the problems of change aspects of the human perception, visual observation and ontology of the (new) media in relation to tranformation of the nature of (new) technologies. Such approach relies in part on contemporary reasearches and hypotheses in the field of natural sciences (biology, physiology, neuro-science, optics, etc.) The conceptualization of the optical unconscious to/beyond formless indicates Krauss’s theoretical shift towards the new visual studies, where the notion affect occupies a key place. Accordingly, this text presents polemical critique of pure perception in relation to the discourse of post/(new)-media art world.

Nemogućnosti metajezičkog položaja u tekstualnom procesu: kritičko-komparativna analiza psihoanalitičkog i poststrukturalističkog diskursa

Author(s): Bojana Matejić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 03/2013

In this article I have dealt with critical comparation between Lacanian psychoanalytic and Derrida’s poststructuralist thesis on the impossibility of metalanguage in the textual production. The aim of the article is to show that the potentiality of their political intervention quality may be effective successfully both with aspect of the ideological theory, based on the psychoanalytic model, and from the positon of the deconstruction theory, depending on the mode and context in which the given process is taking place. The thesis of this paper is that the procedure of deconstruction does not necessarily exclude, but only pushes the critical potentialities of political and ideological theories to the margins.

Pedagógus hallgatók pályaválasztása élettörténeteik tükrében - Pályaválasztás és életútelemzés

Author(s): Barbara Di Blasio / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2010

POLIFONIJSKA TEORIJA ISKAZIVANJA U LIRICI: SLUČAJ IVANA SLAMNIGA

Author(s): Andrea Milanko / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2017

In this paper, interpretation problems in reading lyric poetry are presented and analyzed in the light of a polyphonic theory of enunciation by Oswald Ducrot, Lacanian psychoanalysis, and Antony Easthope's take on Marxist criticism. Taking sides with Marxist and psychoanalytic criticism, the author introduced arguments about what makes lyric poetry an autonomous discourse, the latter being primarily involved with presenting mechanisms that attempt to represent it. This idea is at odds with an understanding of lyric poetry as a private language of poet's soul and of the lyric subject as a narcissistic image of the poet/the reader. Lyric poetry of Ivan Slamnig holds a special place in contemporary Croatian lyric poetry inasmuch as it reveals the extent to which irony depends upon the polyphony of enunciation. This results in breaking the myth of originality of poetic language, while openly constructing a poetics through destructing of other poetics.

Obrona własnych praw czy przekraczanie własnego „ja” – polemicznie o asertywności

Author(s): Jacek Śliwak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2008

The problem discussed in the article concerns nonassertive behaviour and its psychological consequences. In the next part of the paper the author presents many definitions of assertive behaviour, showing how the concept is understood by different psychologists. According to some authors, assertiveness is behaviour which is used in defence of individual’s right. Other psychologists emphasize in definition expressing feelings, attitudes, wishes and opinions in direct, decisive and honest way. There are also authors who define assertive behaviour as a right expression of any feelings, different from anxiety or a direct way of expressing thoughts, feelings and wishes in socially approved way. In the last part of the article there is a critical assessment of presented conceptions.

Metody walki ze stresem

Author(s): Waldemar Woźniak,Waldemar Piekarski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2005

Stres mogą wywołać różne czynniki zwane stresorami. Do grupy stresorów należą nie tylko czynniki psychiczne (np. wiadomość o śmierci kogoś bliskiego), ale i inne czynniki, np. termiczne (poparzenie) czy chemiczne (zatrucie lekami). Niektóre stresory w konkretnych okolicznościach mogą pobudzać i dodawać energii. Są ludzie, którzy dosłownie „kwitną” w obliczu różnych czynników wywołujących stres, ale większość z nas reaguje wyczerpaniem. Jeśli napięcie jest zbyt duże lub trwa zbyt długo, człowiek przestaje radzić sobie z problemami, a nawet popada w różne choroby.

ПРЕДИЗВИЦИТЕ НА АФЕКТИВНАТА ТЕОРИЈА

Author(s): Loreta Georgievska-Jakovleva / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 70/2018

This paper aims at representing affective theory as one of the newer tools in the field of cultural studies, history, and political science that focuses on non-linguistic forces, that is to say affects. The text starts with the basic premise that affective theorists position, namely that affects cannot be socially constructed, thus representing an opportunity to discontinue the reproduction of the given normative and move towards another alternative. The text makes a distinction between affective science and affective theory, thusly it distinguishes between the two semantic meanings of the term affect. Establishing the influence of psychoanalysis (mostly Tompkins and Deleuze), the text offers an overview of the most influential positions of Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick and Brian Massumi, as affective theory’s first proponents. The key arguments attributed to post-deconstruction are being examined, namely, a doubt in the capacity of the post-deconstructivist model of the subject to explain holistically the position of the individual or of groups in the world; a doubt in the capacity of quantitative empiricist approaches and a textual analysis of post-deconstruction so as to reveal a complete resonance of a social world that aims at self-understanding; a doubt in the abilities of binaries such as power/resistance and public/private to fully explain political processes. These doubts are highlighted with the aim to address how affective theory can offer common analytical tools and how highly individualized and social contact zones - bodies and histories - can write their own materiality in space (the understanding of incarnate realities). Henceforth, affecive theory speaks about how power systems circulate within bodies. The text offers its analysis of the political aspects of affective theory, by examining closely Sara Ahmed’s The Promise of Happiness and Lauren Berlant’s Cruel Optimism.

Recenzja: Psychologia sądowa

Author(s): Waldemar Woźniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2003

The review of: Jacek Szostak, Psychologia sądowa, Wyższa Szkoła Handlu i Prawa im. Ryszarda Łazarskiego, Warszawa 2002, ss. 210.

АРХЕТИП І АРХЕТИПНИЙ ОБРАЗ: ПРОБЛЕМИ ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЇ У ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ КУЛЬТУРИ

Author(s): Lyudmila Sergeevna Gotz / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2017

Purpose of the research. The study of the archetype as a cultural universal in the context of the conceptual apparatus of modern cultural studies is supposed to draw attention to the problem of the unjustified widening of the "archetype" concept interpretation, as well as the frequent mixing of the concepts "archetype" and "archetyical image". The ideas put forth in this work are designed to prevent the incorrect understanding and use of C.G. Jung’s terms by researchers referring to his theory and to facilitate the identification of archetypes and their differentiation from phenomena that are similar to them. The methodology of the study consists in the use of semantic and terminological analysis of text in order to identify semantic patterns of terms and main ideas; comparative and historico-logical methods of analysis were also used. This methodological approach allows us to analyze, reveal and recall the meaning of the terms of the author of the archetype theory. The scientific novelty of this work lies in improvement of the epistemological apparatus of the humanities by creating concise in form, yet comprehensive in content characteristic features of an archetype as conceived by C.G. Jung and in improving scientific definitions of such phenomena as "archetype" and "archetypal image". Conclusions. The concept of an "archetype" is considered to be a basic, universal category of culture, which still requires specification of semantic boundaries in the humanities. Only the phenomena that meet the criteria developed by C.G. Jung can be considered archetypes. We consider further expansion of the term "archetype" unreasonable and inappropriate, as this leads to reduction of the universality of the "prototype", the "elementary image", which served as a basis for the "archetypical image" of C.G. Jung.

Еріх Фромм: творчість як міжнаукова проблема

Author(s): Larisa Ilchuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2012

In the article the concept of creativity Erich Fromm, who formed in the space of psychoanalysis, in the end proved his own, completely self-sufficient model components of the creative process.

Інтерпретація несвідомого в термінах культури: концепція Ж. Лакана

Author(s): Andriy Petrushkevych / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2012

The article reviews the main features in the interpretation of the notion of the unconscious in Lacan’s concept of culture, as a base for understanding the nature and essence of cultural mechanisms.