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PERCEPTION OF THE IMAGE OF THE OBESE CHILD BY THE PREPARATORY AND FIRST GRADE STUDENT

Author(s): Maria Dorina Pașca,Katalin Fekete / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

Aim: The aims of this paper is to decode the attitude and behavior of the child between 6 and 7 years from his obese colleague, starting from the perception of his image. Methods: As a psychological investigation method, conversation and demonstration have been used,based on three representative images: obese, malnourished and ideal-weight boy, taking into account the particularities of their age. Results: The target group consisted of 97 students (6-7 years), 54 from the preparatory classes and 43 from the first class. From the processing data, 61% do not accept the obese child, motivating that: he gets tired too fast, sweats and they can not sit on the same chair, only 39% accept the obese child and argues that he is a child like them. The malnourished boy was accepted by only 30%, the rest 70% motivated that he is ugly and sad, while the ideal one was 100% accepted because this boy is beautiful, cheerful and funny, avoiding the attitude of discrimination. Conclusions: It is necessary to notice the importance of accepting obese child in the community and guiding him toward a healthy lifestyle that will help him in his adult life, the triad family-school-community, being close to him and helping him.

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THE STUDY OF THE PECULIARITIES IN DECISION-MAKING IN ADOLESCENTS

Author(s): Maria Pleșca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

The article deals with the problem of decision-making at the adolescents' age. The adolescent is constantly faced with such situations when it is necessary to choose which way to carry out his activity. This choice will depend on the conditions of the reality that surrounds him, on the goals set, as well as on the individual characteristics of the people who interact with him. In a situation of stress, uncertainty, or choice, it is possible to reduce the influence of emotions on the individual, his behavior, and decision-making, as well as to minimize the feeling of uncertainty only through emotional regulation. The study demonstrated that: 1. there are differences in the manifestation of personal decision-making factors depending on the study profile of adolescents: in ones with a real profile, rationality will be manifested, and in those with a sports profile, the tendency to take risks; 2. there are differences in the manifestation of personal decision-making factors depending on the study profile of adolescents: adolescents with a real profile show rationality, and those with a sports profile tend to take risks.

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FORMS OF LEISURE AND SPORTS IN TRANSYLVANIA OF THE 19TH CENTURY

Author(s): Denisa Elena PETREHUŞ / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2023

Forms of leisure and life of society in the second half of the nineteenth century are extremely complex and are in a changing influence under the models of Western. Romanian society is proving to be very responsive to these changes, other than rural. We can say that now is born the modern concept of "free time" as the expression of his most devoted of leisure.These aspects of modernization could not get around Transylvania. The inhabitants of this region are more closely into contact with the Western paradigms that seek to shape and to learn. May be leisure become part of our daily lives? Can we talk about sports as a form of leisure?

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POST - COVID RECOVERY POWER AT EU LEVEL

Author(s): Georgiana Chiţiga / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2023

The starting point of the article is highlighting the situation in which we are positioned following the Covid-19 pandemic. Supporting a coherent recovery at the EU level, of major importance, will boost the strengthening of resistance to the shocks produced, competitiveness, as well as Europe's position as world leader. In order to obtain a positive response, addressed to all EU citizens as well as global partners, a whole range of recovery instruments have been mobilized, these stand out as a historic and unique proposal, which reflects the scale of the challenge we face. Europe's recovery and building a future for generations to come will not be easy to achieve and cannot be achieved if everyone acts alone. The recovery process would be uneven, incomplete and inequitable. It is necessary to support the whole society because we have a common good for our future. Europe that is in a unique position to invest in a common recovery and a better future for generations to come.

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DIASPORA AND THE COUNTRY BRAND

Author(s): Cristian Arhip / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

This contribution analyzes the image of Romania from the perspective of those from the diaspora. The questions and answers offer a quantitative perspective, but also allow a qualitative interpretation of the changes that must be made to improve the country brand. The survey highlights the positive and negative aspects resulting from the perceptions of emigrants, foreigners and those of the people involved in creating the brand.

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PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS FOR THE DIMINUSHING OF THE INCIDENCE OF AGGRESIVE DRIVING: A SELF-REGULATION AND AWARENESS APPROACH

Author(s): Felicia Haidu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

Aggressive behavior in traffic poses a significant threat to road safety and the well-being of individuals. This article examines the psychosocial approach to tackling this issue by addressing the underlying causes of aggressive driving and proposing intervention strategies. The study delves into the theoretical foundations of anger, self-regulation of cognitions, and emotions, emphasizing their role in shaping aggressive behavior. The analysis highlights that stress, frustration, anonymity, and competitiveness contribute to aggressive driving tendencies. The consequences of such behavior encompass dangerous road incidents and negative psychological impacts. The psychosocial intervention strategies encompass psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral techniques, emotion regulation, and experiential training. These strategies aim to enhance drivers' self-awareness, cognitive restructuring, emotion management, and problem-solving skills. Empirical evidence from studies indicates that these interventions effectively reduce aggressive driving incidents and anger levels among participants.

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AXIOLOGICAL IDEALS AND PREFERENCES. COMPARATIVE CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY

Author(s): Tatiana Roșca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

Adolescence is the time when the ideals and set of values that guide the choices and behavior of young people are formed. Each generation constructs its own values in relation to the social and cultural context. The paper provides a picture of what today's teenagers think and answers the questions: What are the values of contemporary teenagers, according to gender and location? How do masculine and feminine values differ in today's youth? Questions that make us understand the impact of the sociocultural context on axiological choices and their influence on the attitude system of teenagers towards themselves, the world around them, as well as the possibility of predicting the direction of their behavior.

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EFFECTS OF DIGITAL MEDIA ON PEOPLE AND SPIRITUAL LIFE

Author(s): Florentin Iustinian Jipa / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

This article aims to highlight the influence that digital media have on human life, but especially on his spiritual life. It is an interdisciplinary work, which treats this subject from both a scientific and a theological point of view. One of the great challenges of the times we live in is to properly understand the relationship between man and technology. People have suddenly found themselves in a new, more complicated and complex universe, increasingly dominated by technology. Technology has made its way into every aspect of people's lives and most of the activities they do, in a subtle and rapid way. Looking at how fast this is happening, we can tell that it is becoming difficult to adapt. It is very easy to forget the balance between what is really useful for life and its sanctity, and what is produced exclusively for pleasure, entertainment, strong experiences, etc. which can lead to addiction.

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PECULIARITIES REGARDING THE MANAGEMENT OF PSYCHOSOCIAL RISKS IN THE ORGANIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

Author(s): Luminița Zubco / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 35/2023

Managing psychosocial risks presents a similar complexity to providing personalized psychological support, as each organization is a unique entity, just as each individual personality has a distinct structure. In this context, adopting a standardized template could lead to negative consequences for both the company and its employees. The real solution lies in the ability of the psychosocial risk management team to carry out individualized analyzes adapted to the specifics of each work environment.

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VALEA BISTRICIOAREI-HISTORY AND SOCIETY

Author(s): Carmen-Maria Citirigă (Țepeș) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 35/2023

The proposed article provides a detailed analysis of the toponymy of a mountainous region, especially the Bistricioara valley area, highlighting aspects related to natural resources, history and ethnography. The study addresses the origin and significance of toponyms in this region, presenting various examples and providing information about the geographical and historical characteristics of each place name. The text also discusses various classifications of toponyms, highlighting how they reflect geological, hydrographic, and human aspects. Emphasis is placed on the diversity of toponym structures, including simple and compound, highlighting their importance in identifying and understanding local history and culture. Linguistic and etymological influences on toponym formation are also explored, with mentions of elements of Latin, Slavic, Hungarian and Germanic origin.

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THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AGGRESSIVE CONDUCT WHILE DRIVING: PERSPECTIVES, FACTORS AND STRATEGIES OF ATTENUATION

Author(s): Felicia Haidu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 35/2023

Aggressive driving remains a concerning and prevalent issue on roads worldwide, leading to numerous accidents, injuries, and fatalities. This article delves into the intricate psychology behind aggressive driving behaviors, shedding light on the underlying emotional and cognitive factors that contribute to road rage. Exploring the nexus of stress, frustration, and individual behavioral tendencies, uncovers the complexities that drive such behavior. The article examines the role of cognitive dissonance, emotional triggers, and social influences in perpetuating aggressive driving. Moreover, it highlights effective strategies and interventions grounded in behavioral psychology that aim to mitigate these behaviors. By understanding the psychological roots of aggressive driving, this article advocates for a holistic approach to fostering safer and more harmonious roadways for all.

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Meaning and Replicability of Social Psychological Experiments: a Personal Account

Author(s): John B. Rijsman / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

In this paper I describe the gradual evolution of experimental social psychology from a so called “science of discovery”, with invariant findings over time and space, to an art of theatrical reflection with self-made reproductions of social life to so engage in more thoughtful action. I do this by means of a narrative account of my sixty year long personal experience with the various changes in the discipline, from the many cases of non-replicability early in my career, to the splendid discovery by vigilant students at my department of the probably most impressive case of fraud in the history of the social sciences, to the persistent denial of a need for a new logic by orthodox positivists in the discipline, even after more than half of the carefully designed replications of important experiments in the discipline failed. I look at this evolution through the lens of gradual objectification in science as a whole, from the most distant objects, such as stars, to the closer and closer reality of our own existence, namely the production and processing of meaning, and the inevitable recursivity (historicity) and incompleteness (one cannot include one’s own discourse in the discourse one has at that moment) of that endeavour. I also describe moments of institutional evolution, its political besides scientific interest, and encounters with the most influential protagonists in the development of the new logic. I also reflect a moment on the theoretical and methodological implications of that new logic, and end with showing how the theme of social engagement and the move toward cultivated action, rather than by freezing history in the so called truth of invariance, was actually the core idea in the work of Kurt Lewin, and has been used inadvertently in the subsequent use of experiments in the discipline, even by those who pretended to be the astronomers of the mind. But with the clear note that reflection on social life in the form of self-made reproductions of that life, is probably the most human thing we can do, and enables us to create culture, rather than blind evolution in merely physical or biological terms. So, making experimental social psychology a valuable tool of humanization as well, but only when properly used.

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Fighting Social Change

Author(s): Valida Repovac Nikšić / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2022

The following essay analyses Chapter 10, The Background of Plato’s Attack, in the first volume, The Spell of Plato. The focus is on Popper’s interpretation of Plato’s sociological perspective discussing the social change and the role of the Great Generation in it, with the dawn of Athenian democracy. Also, the essay examines Popper’s analysis of the reactionary social events during and after the Peloponnesian war (431-404 BC). The highlight is on Popper’s view of these twitches of tribal, collectivist forces that want to keep their world’s old organic “stable” image at all costs. It is also essential to take a deeper look at the historical context and novelties such as trade and naval communications that Popper believes contributed to the birth of an open society. This new society brings individual responsibility and reason instead of group morale and emotions. Popper presented the tension between these opposites by looking at the first “modern” revolution (as he calls it) in ancient Greece and analysing Plato’s views on the changed social condition. Plato believed he found an argument for a return to the old society. Popper assails Plato’s project and accents the manipulation of Socrates. The first defeats of democracy by autocratic forces (tyranny of oligarchs) demonstrate the fine line between the two opposing concepts of society, the ease with which these retrograde processes take place and lead towards a backslide from an open (democratic) to a closed society.

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SECONDHAND EMBARRASSMENT AND “ISPANSKYI STYD” FROM CROSS-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Viorica Lifari / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2024

The research of concepts is a common issue in cross-cultural studies. Recently in the context of the war between Russia and Ukraine the Russian Diaspora from all over the world tries to express their opinion on the created situation as more and more nations worldwide develop a negative attitude towards the Russian and their language. They speak about secondhand embarrassment and “ispanskyi styd” as a feeling they experience. Russian sources insist that the term “ispanskyi styd” (also Spanish shame) used in Russian in the mentioned context is supposed to have entered the Russian language from English in the globalization period. This article is an attempt to clarify the existing terminology in English on the topic and by doing that to identify the role of the concept denoted by the existing expressions among the important cultural values for the Anglophone world. Also the study can help confirm or deny whether the phrase “ispanskyi styd” in Russian has English roots or it has entered Russian via English.

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AN ANALYSIS OF THE COUNTIES REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES OF ROMANIA IN THE PERIOD 1999-2022

Author(s): Alina Georgeta Ailincă / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2024

In the context of the increasingly poor budgetary performance in recent years, questions have been raised more and more frequently in the public space regarding the role of decentralization for improving the budgetary balance, starting from the local system. Decentralization is considered to improve local cohesion and development, make local spending more accountable and efficient, but equally it can fail in ineffective planning of local resources, including insufficient funds for reducing social inequalities between regions, can make more difficult budgetary coordination, and may not take into account the negative externalities on other counties and may strengthen local corruption. Thus, the article aims to analyze certain elements of the structure of public revenues and expenses at the county level, to reveal the strong points but especially the weak ones at the level of county administrations in Romania. Thus, the article aims to contribute to improving the understanding of the functioning of local administrations in Romania and to outline some proposals for improving fiscal-budgetary performance.

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EXPLORING SOCIAL REALITY IN ROMANIAN, ENGLISH AND FRENCH ANTONYMIC PHRASEOLOGIES: “SUCCESS” AND “UNSUCCESS”

Author(s): Oana Balan / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2024

This paper examines the social reality and cultural relativity surrounding the concepts of ‘success’ and ‘unsuccess’ across Romanian, English and French phraseologies and the way they are reflective of the values, norms, and aspirations of a society. Drawing upon cognitive linguistics theories, the analysis delves into linguistic expressions and cultural narratives related to ‘success’ and ‘unsuccess’, while also considering the biographies of prominent figures such as Queen Elizabeth II, Coco Chanel and Queen Mary of Romania. By comparing linguistic representations and cultural attitudes towards success and unsuccess in these three languages, this study aims to highlight both the similarities and differences between societies and their perceptions of achievement and failure.

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RESEARCHING FESTIVALS - A NEW BRANCH OF CULTURAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES?

Author(s): Andrei Bulboaca-Trif / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 36/2024

This work wants to bring in the attention of academic community, as well as those interested in this subject, a new research theme overlooked in the field of cultural studies, namely music festivals and their significance for contemporary Romanian culture. The festival market in Romania has grown significantly in recent years, with a variety of events such as theater festivals, music festivals, film festivals, gastronomic festivals, medieval festivals, and more. This is also the subject of my doctoral thesis, a brand new research in Romania. Such events not only signify entertainment but also involve elements of psychology, sociology, ethnology, as well as practical matters such as budgets and the impact on local tourism. In other countries, there are already university programs titled Festival Studies that address this branch of cultural studies. As an example, we can mention the Eurovision Song Contest, which has inspired numerous academic studies. Furthermore, psychology plays a crucial role in such events, especially as the audience experiences various emotional states, ranging from joy and euphoria to even sadness. We will attempt to address this topic from a psychological perspective as well.

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THE IMAGE OF THE HUNGARIANS IN JOACHIM WITTSTOCK’S WORK

Author(s): Sonia Tiru / Language(s): German Issue: 36/2024

This thesis deals with the image of the Hungarians as they are depicted in the work of Joachim Wittstock. Firstly, there is a theoretical part that presents the main concepts of the Imagology: image, auto-image, hetero-image, stereotype and prejudice. Secondly, there is a part that elicits the personal and the professional life of the author. Furthermore, the Nation of the Hungarians is illustrated, followed by an imagologigal analysis of the Hungarians in the work of Joachim Wittstock.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCHOOL SATISFACTION AND BURNOUT THROUGH THE LENS OF ECOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY

Author(s): Ani Emilia Cernea-Radu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 36/2024

School satisfaction is an important component of life satisfaction, with children's and adolescents' level of well-being varying according to their relationships with peers, teachers and the quality of school experiences. According to the ecological theory of human development, a good and deep understanding of young people implies a systemic approach to their lives, emphasising their active role in their own developmental process, which in turn is influenced by social and cultural forces. Adolescents with a high level of school burnout no longer enjoy going to school, they become detached from school, from the experiences they can have in the school environment and this can affect the other dimensions of their lives.

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Nation and nationalism in the West – The case of Germany

Author(s): Đuro V. Bodrožić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2024

German national consciousness, when compared to other nations, was formed later, but it took less time to mature and appear in the fullness of its requests. While the process of national maturation and promotion/elevation of the national idea among other nations lasted one whole century or even longer, among Germans it occurred in a substantially shorter period. For that to happen, there had to be assumptions created through a longer period of time. Here we point to the factors, political and cultural, as integral part of the historical process in the formation of German nation, which finally determined its nature and the character of German nationalism.

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