Resocjalizacja z udziałem społeczeństwa oraz pomoc społeczna. Działania kuratora oraz pracownika socjalnego w środowisku lokalnym

Author(s): Łukasz Cywiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Resocialisation through social participation and social work seem to be the most effective forms of helping people with a criminal record. The sheer volume of tasks which probation officers are faced with force them to cooperate with numerous institutions within the local community. In addition, the challenging and complex social situations of people during a trial period means social workers will naturally become their closest partners in cooperation. On the one hand different areas of work and different points of view make the process of providing help more efficient. On the other hand, probation officers and social workers represent different institutions which may cause differing interpretations of the same reality. This will ultimately lead to numerous misunderstandings and difficulties on the path to achieving a desirable outcome. The article presented is rooted in the working experiences of a probation officer and a social worker. For this reason the answers to the questions raised by the author are addressed. The article concludes with a brief reflection on ways to enhance cooperation between the two institutions in question.

Hazard – droga wejścia do przestępstwa. Próba analizy zjawiska

Author(s): Jadwiga Mazur / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Gambling is analyzed primarily as an addiction but it can also be considered as a way of entry into the crime. The article attempts to analyze this phenomenon, describing gambling as an addiction, its place in the study,the test of theoretical analysis and gambling as an opportunity to enter the path of crime.

Slovenské verejné diskusie o médiách: Analýza normativity diskutujúcich

Author(s): Tomáš Profant / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 5/2020

There have been a number of organised discussions about the media in Slovakia in recent times. This study analyses them to find answers to several research questions. One question is: who took part in the discussions about the media in the period this analysis focused on in 2018? Interviews with the organisers of these discussions offered a partial answer to the question of what kind of discursive strategies they used in determining the hegemonic discourse that emerges from these discussions. The article’s theoretical starting point is Foucault’s question about ‘Who is speaking?’ as an important element of the archaeology of knowledge. The analysis was conducted by counting the frequency of public normative official affiliations the guests and moderators had in the discussions and performing a qualitative content analysis of the interviews carried out with the organisers. The analysis revealed that most of the participants were politically centrist subjects from centrist parties, the liberal and conservative media, and non-governmental organisations critical of the extremes in the media landscape. The discursive strategies analysed included procedures of exclusion based on the distinction between reason and madness, media routine, and the valuing of objectivity and respect toward the deceased over balance. However, balance is still an acknowledged value and could become the basis for more plural discussions, given that the respondents claimed that they have no problem with differences of opinion.

Improving Knowledge Production in Comparative Survey Research: Cross-Using Data from Four International Survey Programmes

Author(s): Brina Malnar,Lorna Ryan / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2021

In the context of flourishing cross-national and multi-level research, the variety of macro and micro data sources available to researchers have evolved into an interdependent ecosystem of social indicators. Focusing on four comparative social surveys, this paper examines the extent to which secondary data users take advantage of a range of complementary data sources to broaden the breadth or strengthen the robustness of their research. Using two Google Scholar-based datasets of 2789 and 796 publications, we find that, despite the complex equivalence issues in comparative survey research, users combine data to a considerable extent, aiming to increase conceptual, geographic, and temporal coverage and cross-validate findings. Selecting the example of the European Social Survey, 183 journal articles are qualitatively examined to identify specific epistemic gains attained by analysts when combining ESS survey data with data from other comparative programmes. The strategy involves risks, emanating from either analysts' own misjudgements or arising from the wider issues of comparability and transparency in cross-national survey research. However, a number of data harmonisation platforms have recently emerged that may facilitate the standardisation of measures across surveys, augmenting the possibilities for future theory development and research.

The Impact of Oral Health Education Difficulties in Disadvantaged Primary Schools

Author(s): Ildikó Faragó,Tímea Egri,Andrea Rucska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The inadequate social integration of young people from disadvantaged regions is compounded by poor health and lifestyle, which manifests itself as mechanisms of educational disadvantage. Pupils have less access to the resources they need to develop their skills in their home environment, which should be adapted to their specific educational needs with specialized teachers. In this segment of the population, the time spent on health was inadequate even before online education was introduced due to the pandemic. The segregation has worsened their situation, and the lack of digital tools has not reduced the gap. We aimed to explore the lifestyles of primary school pupils in disadvantaged regions to extend the research to pupils with special educational needs and to understand their health behavior through dental status and time spent on oral health, which determines their life chances. The study was conducted in three primary schools in disadvantaged regions in the Abaúj region, Hungary, and 318 pupils (mean age: 10.5±2.5 years) underwent dental screening and survey examinations. The questionnaire focused on nutrition, physical activity, family microenvironment, health behavior, and educational processes during the pandemic. The majority of the students live in large families. Most students visit the dentist only when they have a toothache; 21.6% do not exercise outside school; 19.1% have already consumed alcohol. Their DMFT average is 5.6±3.5. Also, 32.7% of the students had a device for online education. A firm increase in the level of preventive activities in minority schools, with the involvement of special education teachers, is crucial for social inclusion and health.

Certificat de calitate pentru sondajele de opinie

Author(s): Gheirghe Onuț,Mirel Palada / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2000

The first part of the paper presents a critical analysis of the published polls existing on the Romanian political scene, especially during elections, creating also an informal classification of these polls, according to their degree of accuracy. The conclusion of this above mentioned analysis leads to the necessity of creating a quality certificate for these polls. The authors present such a certificate at the end of their article.

Niedostosowanie społeczne w dobie społeczeństwa informacyjnego

Author(s): Marcin Olejniczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1-4/2022

O korelácii kvality, hodnoty a zmyslu života

Author(s): Katarína Pazderová / Language(s): English Issue: 1-4/2022

Searching for the meaning of life is a topical matter for the human in duringthe present day no less than it was in the past. The quality of life as a conceptand as a research issue has undergone a considerable development with regardsto the evolution of society and improving the living conditions in general.In this contribution the author explores the correlations between thequality, value and meaning of life. First, the author reflects on the various interpretationsof the term „the quality of life”. Second, the category of valuesis explored. Third, the analysis of the term of the meaning of life follows aswell as the explanation of the possible intersections between the theoreticalconcepts of the quality, the value(s) and the meaning of life. The main aim ofthis article is to draw attention to the meaning of life as a constantly relevant,(predominantly, but not only) philosophical problem and to stress the evidentparallels between the quality, value and meaning of life.

Korzystanie z handlu elektronicznego przez konsumentów o różnych stylach życia

Author(s): Ewa Parys / Language(s): Polish Issue: 189/2023

The article describes the problem of online shopping habits dependent on the lifestyle the customers lead. Besides the literature overview, the article presents the results of a survey conducted by the au- thor in August and September of 2021 on a group of 300 customers via an on-line panel. Segmentation analysis, through the use of cluster analysis, allowed to define four customer segments: Active, Intellec- tuals, Overworked and Egocentrics, which describe the way they shop on-line. The aim of the article is to verify customers’ habits in regards to on-line shopping, which depend on the lifestyle they declare.

Socio-Technical Perspective in Determining the Factors and Components for Minimizing Cybersecurity Threat

Author(s): Eko Haryadi,Abdul Karim,Lizawati Salahuddin / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

Smart city development necessitates careful planning and control. Many factors contribute to failures in smart cities, such as the lack of attention in dealing with cyber security threats, misappropriation of internet facilities, and limitedness of awareness and knowledge of basic-level cybersecurity to safely perform daily activities. Numerous studies have discovered that procrastinating, impulsive, forward-thinking, and risk-taking behaviours vary across organizations, which may help to explain why different organizations adhere to security policies. This research aims to analyse the socio-technical structural relationship of socio-technical perspective in determining the factors and components for minimizing security threat. The research uses a mixed-methods study while the results regarding the contribution of socio-technical components to the improvement of work behaviour in minimizing cybersecurity threats and proposes new analysis result of the contribution work behaviours as contribution and a positive influence for minimizing cybersecurity threat toward successful smart city.

Kolor jako zjawisko komunikacyjne we współczesnym dyskursie publicznym na przykładzie manifestacji oraz kampanii społecznej

Author(s): Teresa Uchman / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The article concerns the communicative and meaning-creating potential of colour in the public discourse. The scope of the analyzed material consists of two discursive events: Pink October as an example of a social campaign and Black Protest as an example of a social demonstration. The research aims to determine the semiotic independence of colour in the message, the functions of colour implemented in public discourse, and assess the connotative changes of colours motivated by contemporary social activities. For this purpose, the analysis also considered the semantic evaluation of the pink and black lexemes. The material represents the diverse nature of activity in the public domain, collected based on observation of media reports - multimodal texts in a digital medium. The presented data is a selected representation of the verbal layer and key visual referents coexisting with colour in a given discursive event. The research shows semantic changes in the field of lexemes naming colours, and draws attention to the correlation of media discourse with public discourse. The result of observation and analysis is the conclusion about the contextually dependent semantic independence of the colour. The conclusions define colour as a secondary independent communication system in public discourse.

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS OF INTERACTION IN A RESPONDENTS’ SUBGROUP ACCORDING TO SIBLING POSITION IN THE NUCLEAR FAMILY

Author(s): HANNA KRUPNYK / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2022

The article provides a review of the modern nuclear family’s condition. I analyse scholarly works by leading local and foreign scientists in the line of parent–child, sibling relations. The peculiarities of the interaction between children and parents are highlighted from the position of the respondents, who have been grouped into subgroups according to the order of birth in the family hierarchy (N = 265). The choice of methods for studying the family interaction of the respondents has been found. The aim is to study the level of development of parent–child and sibling relations, and compare the results in the “The first/middle/last child” subgroups. The methods are questionnaires used to establish the level of parent–child and sibling relationships; the statistical processing of empirical data and graphical presentation of the results were done using MS Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics (v. 27.0). The main positions based on the results of our research will be put into the basis for the development of specific recommendations, which will be useful and helpful in further work of practicing psychologists in the field of family counseling in such subsystems as marital sibling and parent-child relationships.

Antropolodzy wobec niespokojnych krajobrazów współczesnego świata w kontekście Cool Anthropology

Author(s): Natalia Maksymowicz-Mróz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The article is a reflection on the place, tasks and purpose of cultural anthropology in the contemporary world. It was inspired by a discussion that took place during Ethnology Without Borders 2022 Conference. The 21st century shook the foundations of anthropology’s relationship with politics and society: from the devastating pandemic and the increasing effects of climate change, to the outbreak of war in Europe. The author ponders how anthropology should operate in the face of these crises. The presentation of various research concepts aims to bring closer where the problem is while everyone means well. The article presents the achievements of some anthropologists who criticize actions based on good intentions and draws attention to the achievements of Anthropology of Development, which the author illustrates with some examples from her own observations made during field research in Nepal and NATO training. The Cool Anthropology trend is potentially a right direction for development of contemporary anthropology. The questions posed in the article are intended to provoke reflection on the author’s thesis that as anthropologists who are part of a privileged social layer, should ask themselves the question: how to reconceptualize anthropological activities outside the resources of the academic spheres in order to become socially useful.

„WRESZCIE SIĘ WYSPAŁAM, PO RAZ PIERWSZY SAMA UPIEKŁAM BUŁECZKI”... – SPOJRZENIE NA PIERWSZY TYDZIEŃ PANDEMII COVID-19 W POLSCE

Author(s): Grzegorz Całek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

This paper attempts to describe the behaviour of Poles during the first seven days of restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, based on a survey carried out after that period (20–23 March 2020) using the CAWI technique (N=3702). The aim was to examine the activities undertaken by people in isolation at home during that period, in particular those that the respondents have never done before or returned to do after a very long time, as well as their reasons for leaving home and their opinion concerning the first week of the pandemic.For two-thirds of the respondents, confinement at home triggered significant changes in their lifestyle, but these were mainly evaluated positively, including extra free time to do something which the participants have never had time to do before. The most typical activities undertaken during that period were self-care activities, catching up on outstanding household chores, as well as spending time with family.

KOLONIZACJA PRZYSZŁOŚCI: ORIENTACJE PRZYSZŁOŚCIOWE W NARRACJACH MŁODYCH DOROSŁYCH STUDIUJĄCYCH W WARSZAWIE

Author(s): Paweł Zalewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The discussion between proponents of the extended present and advocates of the concept of life as a project, taking place at the intersection of educational sociology and youth sociology, has fo- cused on exploring the time perspective in which young people perceive their future. However, in recent years it has been increasingly pointed out that this approach makes it difficult to study future orientations, which may be planned in detail in one area and not thought through in another. The potential to reconcile the two approaches is instead shown by a. Giddens’ concept of colonizing the future, presented in this article. The narrative analysis of three selected cases from among the 45 narrative interviews with a list of semi-structured questions conducted with first-year male and female undergraduate students at selected warsaw universities, allowed for the reconstruction of the educational trajectories of the research participants and the ways in which they perceive the future in relation to their decision to continue their education at the university level. The results of the analysis indicate that the study of future orientations should attempt to identify three components: discursive consciousness, practical consciousness, and ontological security, which make it possible to interpret young adults’ future orientations in the context of their educational trajectories. The practical application of these findings for public policy in higher education would be to enable young adults to explore related educational pathways.

Generalized Q analysis as a new tool in social science research - a pedagogical introduction

Author(s): Tomaz Ponce Dentinho,Karima KOURTIT,Peter NIJKAMP / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Q analysis is a frequently used, multivariate exploratory technique in the social sciences which seeks to identify and analyse commonalities and differences in the respondents' rankings of a set of relevant individual qualitative statements. It has some intrinsic weaknesses which may be overcome by widening and deepening the underlying multivariate statistical approach. This new technique, termed a Generalized Q method, is able to handle an enlargement of the number of ranked combined statements based on a structured re-combination of the rankings of simple statements. This method will be presented in this paper. We employ a simple illustrative data set in our study. In comparing the traditional and the Generalized Q analysis, the same questionnaire data are used to apply and assess both methods, to compare the results, and to highlight the advantages of the Generalized Q method. We find that the latter technique is able to take account of many simple questionnaires with trustful responses, allows for an expansion of the number of respondents, facilitates the naming and interpretation of the extracted multivariate components, and is able to test the consistency of the responses.

Sprawiedliwość w wymiarze terytorialnym – przegląd najnowszych ujęć

Author(s): Agata Mróz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The aim of this article was to present issues related to the concept of social justiceand to join the discussion related to this topic in the field of social sciences. An attemptwas made to discuss this concept and to examine how the concept of social justice is usedin explaining the existing territorial differences in the analysis of various research problems.The study covered issues such as: access to local services, empowerment of the communityand territorial cohesion. A particularly important element of the study is the discussionof theoretical issues concerning the distinction between the concepts of space and territory.The review of the literature showed that the concept of social justice, taking into accountthe territorial dimension, was first discussed in relation to cities, and only later to otherspatial units (regions, peripheral rural areas). This concept gained popularity in the late 1960sand still enjoys great interest among researchers and practitioners. Precise and unambiguousdefinition of a just reality due to its complexity and relativity is an impossible task, unlessthis definition is purely formal, i.e. showing its logical structure, not the content related toit. Following this way of reasoning, the concept of social justice in the territorial dimensionconsists of equal treatment of a certain set of actors according to several (usually two)criteria. At least one of them is related to social or economic issues and at least one tospatial diversity.

Vytvoření komplexního monitorovacího a evaluačního rámce pro předškolní vzdělávání a péči v České republice

Author(s): Alexandra Lacinová,Kamila Hejnák Vlčková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2023

The article presents the “Creation of a comprehensive monitoring and assessment framework for preschool education and care in the Czech Republic” project. The project aims to provide an overview of the current situation, functioning and reserves available in the area of the monitoring and assessment of preschool education and care, including the mapping of the current supply and demand for formal and informal services in this area.