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POLOŽAJ NACIONALNIH MANJINA U POLITIČKOM SISTEMU

Author(s): Katarina Crnjanski-Vlajčić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

U radu su obrađeni ključni aspekti ostvarivanja prava pripadnika nacionalnih manjina u Bosni i Hercegovini. Prikaz osnovnih prava nacionalnih manjina garantovanih međunarodnim dokumentima dat je u oblasti društveno-političke participacije i ostvarivanja prava na kulturnu autonomiju (pravo na njegovanje sopstvene kulture, pravo na obrazovanje, informisanje i službenu upotrebu maternjeg jezika). Iako u ovom radu nisu posebno isticani problemi nacionalnih manjina na prostoru Bosne i Hercegovine, jasno je da postojeći sistem zaštite njihovih prava ostavlja prostor za dalje unapređenje.

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FRANCHISING IN CROATIA – YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW

Author(s): Aleksandar Erceg / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Strategic alliances, joint ventures, and franchising are established by contract between at least two independent companies as part of their strategy for growth and expansion. Franchising is one of the oldest methods, often used in developed countries. The use of franchising as a growth strategy has significantly increased in Europe and the US in recent years. As both parties in a franchising relationship are economically interdependent, but legally dependent (Michael, 2000), franchising as an organizational form can be looked at from a legal and an economic perspective and as a possible alternative for the integration of production and distribution undertakings in a single organization (Emmerson, 1990).

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FRANCHISING BUSINESS MODEL IN THE MACEDONIAN ECONOMY

Author(s): Jovanka Damoska Sekuloska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Implementation of a variety of business models of internationalization contributes to overcoming the limited size of national markets. Today’s global competitiveness recognizes the necessity for qualitative and quantitative improvement of the process of internationalization of companies. The internationalization process is important as an enabler of national competitiveness and as a strategic option for businesses. As a process of integration in international activities, internationalization enables companies to expand their operating activities across the border of their national markets on the one hand and on the other, it determines and influences the market size of an economy as one of the determinants of competitiveness of economies. Organizations need to choose how to enter a market. Entry modes differ in the degree of resource commitment to a particular market, and the extent to which an organization is operationally involved in a particular location ( Johnson et al., 2008). The key entry mode types are: exporting, contractual arrangement through licensing and franchising; joint ventures and alliances, and foreign direct investment. By expanding its markets internationally, a firm can bypass limitations in the domestic market ( Johnson et al., 2005).

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Effectsof Public Subsidies on Productivity of Firms in the Czech Food Industry

Author(s): Ondřej Dvouletý,Ivana Blažková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose:The previous studies report ambiguous effects of public subsidies on firm productivity. The aim of the paper was to assess the effects of public subsidies on the productivityof firms that were supported by the Czech Operational Programme Enterprise and Innovation(OPEI) in the EU programming period 2007-2013. Design/methodology/approach:We used the data for 147 supported companies in the Czech food processing industry (72.4% of all beneficiaries within the industry) to calculate four indicators related to the firm productivity, i.e. value added, personnel costs, value added per personnelcosts and production efficiency. We analysed the level and development of selected productivity indicators and then we applied the paired t-test to compare the productivity in the period before the intervention (2005-2007) with the post-programme period (2014-2015). Findings: The obtained results suggest that participation of the Czech food processing companies in the OPEI did not lead to the higher productivity of the supported enterprises, both in terms of labour productivity and production efficiency two years after the end of the intervention. Research/practical implications:The presented findings, therefore, suggest that there is no significant impact of the public support from the OPEI on the productivity of supported enterprises in the Czech food industry. However, it is worth mentioning, that the results must be taken as a preliminarysince we have not accounted for the firm-level characteristics such as firm size. The changes in the productivity indicators might also take more time, and therefore it would be very relevant to investigate the effects also in the long run. Originality/value:The presented study empirically contributes to the knowledge on the relationship between the allocationof the public subsidies and firm productivity from the perspective of the Czech agribusiness sector.

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Sector of Nuclear Energy in Central and Eastern Europe

Author(s): Tomáš Vlček / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Belarus is a land locked country bordering with Russian Federation, Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania and Latvia. Belarus declared independence at the end of the WWI just to be occupied by Soviet troops shortly after and eventually incorporated to USSR as Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1919. After the Russian-Polish war the country was divided between these two states. The USSR has taken back the Polish part in 1939 and Belarus was not an independent state until July 1990 when Republic of Belarus was created. In 1994, Alexander Lukashenko was elected president of Belarus; he was reelected again for the second term (2001-2006), the third term (2006-2011) and also the fourth term (2011-2016). The election process especially for the fourth term had been criticized as flawed by most EU and OSCE countries. As a result, Lukashenko and his associates are forbidden to travel to EU member countries. Belarus is also very well known for his authoritative leadership (sometimes called as Europe's last dictatorship), oppression and corruption.

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Analiza dugotrajnosti kaznenih postupaka za ratne zločine vođenih na sudovima u RH

Author(s): Nikolina Židek / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Predmet ove analize kazneni su postupci za ratne zločine, vođeni na sudovima u Republici Hrvatskoj od 90-ih godina do danas, u skladu s dostupnom dokumentacijom, radi dobivanja podataka o trajanju kaznenih postupaka u spomenutim predmetima kako bi se utvrdile prosječne vrijednosti, a s njima i učinkovitost sudstva u postupcima za ratne zločine. Podaci su prikupljeni pregledom pravomoćnih presuda, ali i pregledom dokumentacije u predmetima koji su još u tijeku, objavljene na web-stranicama Centra za mir, nenasilje i ljudska prava (http://www.centar-za-mir.hr/), uz provjeru pojedinih slučajeva uvidom u popis Državnog odvjetništva Republike Hrvatske od ožujka 2013. godine1 . U nekim slučajevima konzultirali smo presude na web-stranicama Vrhovnog suda RH i dobili podatke iz novinskih članaka, objavljenih na internetu, kojima su popraćena neka od suđenja. Dostupni podaci sigurno su dostatni za analizu trendova u pojedinim razdobljima i predstavljaju reprezentativan uzorak, ali zbog nedostataka cjelovite dokumentacije i javno objavljenih podataka o svim sudskim postupcima za ratne zločine, neophodno je naglasiti da se u prikazu podataka ne govori o ukupnim i konačnim brojkama.

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Neriješeno pitanje reparacije civilnih žrtava ratnih zločina i rezultati analize

Author(s): Emina Bužinkić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Za razliku od mnogih zemalja u svijetu koje su obilježene višegodišnjim ratnim sukobom i brojnim ljudskim stradanjima i materijalnim štetama, Republika Hrvatska nije uspostavila sveobuhvatan nacionalni program obeštećenja i reparacija civilnih stradalnika i ratom pogođenih zajednica. Od 1991. godine, kada su otpočeli prvi sukobi koji su poslije vodili u dalekosežno okupiranje, brojna ljudska stradanja i neprocjenjivu materijalnu štetu, Republika Hrvatska nastavila je s primjenom, uz poneku izmjenu, postojećih republičkih zakona naslijeđenih iz tada već bivše, dezintegrirane Jugoslavije, te tijekom idućih godina prihvatila niz nepovezanih zakona koji do danas nisu ispunili zadaću obeštećenja i reparacija stradalog civilnog stanovništva i stradalih područja.

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Rad Državnog odvjetništva u RH od 2000. do danas

Author(s): Milena Čalić-Jelić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Ratni zločini iz Domovinskog rata od 1991. do 1995., bilo da su ih počinili pripadnici hrvatskih ili srpskih vojnih i paravojnih postrojbi, svjedoče o razmjerima tragedije koja se dogodila na ovim prostorima devedesetih godina prošlog stoljeća. Godinama se zločine pokušavalo svesti na razinu ideoloških motiva i svetih ciljeva, osvetu žrtava ili članova njihovih obitelji i suboraca. Sve do 2000. godine i promjene vlasti nakon trećesiječanjskih izbora te pritisaka međunarodne zajednice kod hrvatskih političkih i pravosudnih elita vrijedila je dogma kako u obrambenom, oslobodilačkom ratu nije moguće počiniti ratni zločin pa su do tada ratni zločin činili samo ''oni drugi''. Neosporno je da se rat vodio na teritoriju RH i da je Srbija mobilizirala nekadašnju zajedničku vojsku (JNA) za provođenje svojih agresorskih, imperijalnih ciljeva pod egidom zaštite srpske manjine u Hrvatskoj, koja se raspadom bivše Jugoslavije u novoj, neovisnoj državi našla ugrožena. Tek promjenom retorike političara i predstavnika pravosuđa u svezi s procesuiranjem svih ratnih zločina, sukladno zakonu i međunarodnom pravu, neovisno o njegovoj ''nacionalnosti'' ili pripadnosti pojedinim postrojbama (ali još ne toliko svijesti i društvene klime) počinje otvaranje procesa protiv hrvatskih vojnika i policajaca za teške ratne zločine. Ujedno, 2004. godine DORH počinje provoditi reviziju svih predmeta protiv osumnjičenih ili optuženih pripadnika srpskih formacija kako bi uklonio svaku sumnju u možebitno pristrano postupanje koje nije utemeljeno na zakonima. Tijekom 2001. u Hrvatskoj je uhićeno nekoliko desetaka građana srpske nacionalnosti pod optužbom za ratne zločine u vrijeme rata u Hrvatskoj, a to su politički predstavnici Srba u Hrvatskoj i neke nevladine udruge koja se bave ljudskim pravima ocijenili kao pritisak kojemu je cilj onemogućavanje povratka ili pak kao svojevrsnu kompenzaciju za pokrenute postupke za ratne zločine protiv građana hrvatske nacionalnosti.

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Usporedba pravnih instituta u suđenjima za ratne zločine na međunarodnim sudovima i u Hrvatskoj

Author(s): Jelena Đokić Jović,Marko Sjekavica / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Iako oblik počinjenja kaznenog djela udruženim zločinačkim pothvatom (UZP) nije predviđen Statutom MKSJ-a, njegovom su se jurisprudencijom, počevši od presude žalbenog vijeća u predmetu Tadić, kojom je praktički utemeljen taj oblik individualne kaznene odgovornosti, razvila tri osnovna modaliteta. Uz implicitno prihvaćanje koncepta odgovornosti udruženog zločinačkog pothvata, kažnjeni su počinitelji brojnih zločina u Bosni i Hercegovini, u Hrvatskoj i na Kosovu.

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Kako su hrvatski mediji, politika i društvo prihvatili haške presude za Herceg-Bosnu

Author(s): Boris Pavelić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

“Ni 20 godina nakon Ahmića ne znamo tko je zapovjedio masakr, gdje je bio politički um zločina i tko je to bio!” To je naslov teksta objavljenog 13. lipnja 2014. na hrvatskome internetskom portalu dnevno.hr., sedam dana nakon što se 6. lipnja 2014. u Hrvatsku vratio Dario Kordić, ratni potpredsjednik HDZ-a BiH, koji je 2004. pred Haaškim sudom pravomoćno osuđen na 25 godina zatvora zbog ratnih zločina počinjenih nad Muslimanima srednje Bosne 1993. godine. Među petstotinjak okupljenih koji su Kordića dočekali u zagrebačkoj zračnoj luci, bio je i sisački biskup Vlado Košić.

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Съвременната инфлация и новата концепция за икономическа сигурност

Author(s): Tatiana Hubenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report examines the specifics of modern inflation in the context of the paradigm shift for economic growth. The characteristics of modern inflation after the pandemic crisis and its factor conditioning in the conditions of revival of economic activity, increased aggregate demand and increase in international commodity market prices in connection with market segmentation and difficulties in global value chains are formulated. The analysis reveals the essence and characteristics of modern inflation as a multifactorial phenomenon that determines the choice of policies and the difficulties in achieving synergy between them. The typology of the types of inflation is substantiated, and their specifics are considered sequentially. There is a focus on green inflation and wage gap inflation, the rise of which is debated as to the effect on inflation. Conclusions are systematized about the relationship between modern inflation and economic security as a factor determining the sustainability of inflation, and problems and perspectives in the European context are outlined.

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Анализ на успеваемостта по дисциплината „Финансово счетоводство“ от студентите от ОКС бакалавър при УНСС – София

Author(s): Snejana Bacheva,Borislav Boyanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This report presents the results of an empirical study of the results achieved in the discipline "Financial Accounting" by students in "Accounting" and "Finance", full-time, educational and qualification degree of Bachelor at the UNWE for the academic years 2020/2021, 2021/2022 and 2022/2023. An analysis of the structure and distribution of the results of the regular and resit examination sessions in the discipline was carried out. The dynamics of the success rate of students from both specialties during the period under review are studied. Conclusions are drawn about the success rate of students in the conditions of the COVID and post COVID pandemic and alternative opportunities for increasing student performance are outlined. Object of the study are students from the specialities “Accounting” and “Finance”, educational and qualification degree Bachelor, full-time education, students at the UNWE – Sofia. The subject of the study covers the taught discipline "Financial Accounting" during a period of three academic years: 2020/2021, 2021/2022, 2022/2023. The aim of the study is to examine the success rate of students in the discipline "Financial Accounting" through analysis of the results achieved and on this basis to draw conclusions and generalizations about the current state and approaches to improving the results. Information assurance: the empirical research was carried out on the population of units, i.e. all students from the specialities "Accounting" and " Finance", educational and qualification degree of Bachelor were covered, using primary information from the protocols of regular and resit examination sessions.

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Изследване на нагласите за плащане на кредити към финансови институции, в контекста на събиране на вземания

Author(s): Yasen Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report presents a study conducted in 2021 through a survey that aims to reveal some of the attitudes of individuals as users of financial lending. The survey was conducted among 375 respondents living and working in the Republic of Bulgaria. The questions in the survey aim at revealing certain mental attitudes and are asked in a way that can be related to certain decision-making mechanisms presented in the concept of "Nudge". The survey focuses on a few key mindsets that frequently underpin consumer behavior that leads to arrears and increased debt to the lender. The motivation for payment, the factors that influence the choice to stop paying, and the decision-making mechanisms in the presence of several obligations to different creditors are all being investigated. The report gives a brief description of these attitudes and offers practical approaches for influencing them in the collection practices of financial institutions.

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Изкуственият интелект и интелектуалната собственост: актуални проблеми и предизвикателства пред издателския бизнес

Author(s): Polina Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The increasingly active use of innovations based on artificial intelligence to create author's works and creative products is changing the publishing business environment and poses fundamental questions for the intellectual property system related to fundamental concepts such as "author", "creation", "work", whose answers will determine the direction of the development of the creative industries. The object of the research is artificial intelligence, and the subject - how the publishing business is affected by the implementation of artificial intelligence in the publishing activity, and the aim is to indicate the main problems and challenges facing the publishing industry today.

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Дигитална трансформация в издателския бизнес

Author(s): Boyko Takov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The publishing business in Bulgaria is of great importance for the cultural and educational development of the country, but it is also a significant sector of the national economy with considerable social impact. In recent years, it has faced serious challenges and is undergoing a period of transformation driven by the rapid introduction of new technologies and accelerated digital transformation. The digital transformation in the publishing business in Bulgaria is gradually progressing, but the pace of development varies among different publishers. Assessing the extent of its development for the sector as a whole is complicated due to the lack of sufficient statistical data. At the same time, this assessment is necessary not only to compare the development of this business in our country with that in other countries but, most importantly, to identify its weaknesses and the challenges it faces. It is also useful for outlining government policies regarding the publishing sector. In this regard, the aim of this publication is to assess the level of digital transformation achieved in the publishing business in Bulgaria and to draw conclusions about its achievements and weaknesses. These conclusions will be useful for determining the directions for accelerating this process.

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7 години законово регламентирана оценка на въздействието в България

Author(s): Rumen Brussarski / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Impact assessment originated in the USA in the 1970s. Subsequently, almost all countries in the developed world introduced various forms of regulatory impact analysis and assessment. In Bulgaria, impact assessment has been talked about since the beginning of the 21st century. The creation of a legal framework, methodological documentation and administrative capacity begins. Academia and some non-governmental organizations are actively involved in the noble undertaking. Various programs and projects are being implemented. However, during the first 15 years, there were no serious practical results. In 2016, the impact assessment received its (long-awaited) legal regulation. A series of by-laws and methodological documents follows. A certain administrative capacity is being formed. There are decisive steps in the right direction and the results (although still modest) are not long in coming. This scientific report is dedicated to the genesis and development of impact assessment, the current regulation and practical impact assessment in Bulgaria over the last 7 years.

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Crowdfunding as an Alternative Source of Investments in the Conditions of Economic Digitalization: Relevance of Use in the Republic of Moldova

Author(s): Irina Dorogaia,Alexandr Scutari / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The relevance of the topic is associated with the increasing popularization of alternative sources of financing of entrepreneurial activity. Under the current conditions, the search for means to finance entrepreneurial activity is a priority task for both entrepreneurs and state institutions, oriented towards supporting existing and potential businesses. The purpose of the article is to describe the application of crowdfunding as one of the tools for alternative financing of projects in the current realities of building a digital economy in Moldova. The article describes the legal aspects of crowdfunding regulation as a new for Moldova legal institute of non-banking lending using the possibilities of online platforms. The paper considers the economic and legal essence of crowdfunding, the model of functioning of this institution, the opinion on the main advantages and disadvantages of this alternative type of lending, as well as outlines the prospects of development and possibilities of application of the new financial technology in our country.

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The Factors Influencing Consumer Choice

Author(s): Rositsa Nakova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this article is to investigate which part of the packaging information plays an important role in consumer choice between both Generation Z and Generation Millennials. How inflation changes consumer demand for groceries. The comparative analysis between the two generations is of interest because the market is currently accustomed to the demands of the Millennial generation. It is yet to adapt to Generation Z as well. The benchmarking was done through an online survey distributed in major cities and among highly educated consumers.

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Should State-Owned Enterprises Pay Dividends?

Author(s): Spartak Keremidchiev / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The dividend puzzle for private corporations has a long-lasting history. Six theories provide to certain extent explanations of this puzzle. However, the dividend puzzle has not yet been discussed as an economic problem for state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Thе article addresses this issue. All well-known six theoretical concepts of the dividend puzzle are presented and their strengths and weaknesses are analysed. After that, the specific features of SOEs are brought out and the dividend puzzle for them is formulated. After presenting the experience of the dividend policy of SOEs, a confrontation with the theories is made. It is proved that only the theory of dividend payment preference is relevant to SOEs.

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Global Sancflation as a Reflection of the Impact of Sanctions Against Russia to Inflation: Some (Im)possible Comparisons

Author(s): Elena Simeonova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper reflects some thoughts on the nexus between the sanctions against Russia and the global inflation rates since February 2022. The paper sets the following objectives: 1) to bring out and define the term sancflation, and 2) to search for other cases of similar global impact of the sanctions-inflation nexus. The thesis statement is that sanctions on Russia are unique and have global economic effects (including inflation) far greater than anything seen before. The global impact evaluation of Russia’s case should prompt a reconsideration of sanctions as a policy instrument.

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