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Challenges of the Young Generation in Eastern Europe: Young People in Slovakia

Author(s): Tomas Smutny / Language(s): English Issue: 05-06/2016

One of the phenomena of our time is the vision and problems of the young generation. Whether in Eastern or Western Europe, the problems of young people are about the same everywhere: Little or no vision for a better life because of youth unemployment, etc. At the same time it is most important that the generation that is building its own future disposes of adequate basics to achieve its goals. The main topic of this article covers the development of the young generation in the Slovak Republic. In order to understand the perceptions of young people, the article is dedicated to current problems of adolescents in Slovakia. Their points of view are supported by various surveys. Presumably the biggest challenge in Slovakia is the high rate of youth unemployment followed by dissatisfaction with the current state of the education system. Unemployment is also the major issue concerning the question how young people perceive the European Union and the growth of political extremism. To sum it all up, we can say that the better any state and institutions work, the more positive will the future prospects for young people be.

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Young People in Kosovo at the Crossroads: To Stay or to Leave?

Author(s): Krenare Gashi / Language(s): English Issue: 05-06/2016

The article focuses on the situation of young people in Kosovo. It is divided in two main parts: While the first part illuminates the position of Kosovo’s adolescents towards main challenge ssuch as unemployment, a non-sustainable educational system and the country’s isolation, the other part highlights the alternatives, respectively the importance of the establishment of the Regional Youth Cooperation Office (RYCO).Furthermore, the article focuses on the implications these challenges have caused on youngsters, since Kosovo – the “youngest country in Europe” – became an independent state in 2008. It is explained how much the young generation has adapted to the new reality, and how much the circumstances affect its future perspectives. Besides the challenges, the article seeks to present the opportunities Kosovo’s young people can practically benefit from.

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Youth in BiH’s Republika Srpska

Author(s): Tomislav Todorovic / Language(s): English Issue: 05-06/2016

The article is about young people in the Republika Srpska, in the North-eastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), about adolescents’ understanding of life and their different attitudes invarious aspects of life. It highlights the causes of some of the negative behaviour of the young and tries to give the reader a vision of both pros and cons about living in the area. The political situation makes adolescents in the Republika Srpska tired of living at home and the best solution for most of them is to try to leave the country – leaving their homes, parents, partners and friends. The war 1992-1996 devastated nearly every family and young people live under the pressure of fear and hate. BiH’s education system is horrible, with teachers spreading ignorance instead of teaching peace. Adolescents are deeply divided, unorganized, with passive fatalistic attitudes that things will not and cannot change. But not everything is as dark as it seems because there are those who resist being part of the paralysed society.

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Young People in Serbia: Situation, Hopes, Perspectives

Author(s): Milica Skiljevic / Language(s): English Issue: 05-06/2016

The article analyses the current situation in Serbia from the perspective of young people. It tackles the two most important issues for them – education and employment – and tries to confront their perceptions with potential solutions.Providing a rather personal insight and understanding, the article discusses Serbia’s accession process to the EU and the upcoming launch of the Regional Youth Cooperation Office. Both are seen as new mechanisms to enable Serbian young people with a broader understanding and the possibility to increasingly include them in mobility schemes and the development of politics as a long-term solution towards regional cooperation and future perspectives.

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Kritika dihotomnog sistema pola/roda i reprezentacija interseksualnosti u filmovima XXY i El ultimo verano de la boyita

Author(s): Slađana Branković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 20/2016

This paper deals with the issue of representation of intersex non-normative bodies and identities in the area of film. That also encompasses the process of re-evaluation of binary categories of sex/gender and their limits through fictional film narratives about intersexuality, starting from the understanding of the representation as a meaning production strategy and analyses of discourse factors which regulate the dominant interpretation of sex, gender and Subject, and, finally, their deconstruction from the perspective of gender theories. The aim of this paper is to evaluate how is possible to conceptualize different approaches to representation of intersexuality and establish a critique of gender/sex dichotomy and violence it produces through re-thinking of established categories of gender and sex, from the perspective of various gender and film theories, as well as what various representation strategies of non-normative bodies implicate. In that context, I shall present my analysis and interpretation of films XXY (2007) and El último verano de la boyita (2009), while considering various discourse formations which, in given contexts, shape dominant understanding of sex/gender and intersexuality as well as narratives of two films. These films present some of the first, rare and important accomplishments which undertake different approaches to issues of representation of intersexuality, through which fictional narratives, potentials of intervention within dominant discourse of non-normative bodies are re-thought, i.e., the potentials of redefining and decentring of the established norms of sex/gender.

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VALUE ORIENTATION OF ADOLESCENTS IN DIGITAL AGE

Author(s): Blandína Šramová,Anežka Hamranová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2/2015

This paper intends to compare structures of preferred values between adolescents, focusing on year 2011 and year 2015. The research sample composed of Slovak adolescents (N=418). In order to record value preference structure changes, we have pursued our research in 2011 (N=250) and in the year of 2015 (N=168). The value structure was searched using PVQ questionnaire (Portrait Value Questionnaire, Schwartz, 2003). The identified results have shown changes in the preferred value structures (statistically significant difference), proving that the importance of preferred values has grown. Digital culture that current adolescent generation is being brought up in reflected in the increase of following values: universalism, benevolence, conformity, success and self-direction.

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Blind spots of traditional poverty measurement: the case of migrants

Author(s): Christos Koutsampelas / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The aim of this paper is to examine blind-spots of poverty measurement with application to the study of migrant poverty. These blind-spots stem mostly from the heterogeneity of migrant population and the difficulty of capturing this heterogeneity in unidimensional monetary measures of economic well-being such as income (or consumption). In this context, the paper demonstrates the utility of noncash monetary variables in accounting for dimensions of material well-being which otherwise would have remained undetected. The microdata of the 2009 Cyprus Family Expenditure Survey and the idiosyncratic case of foreign domestic workers are used to illustrate the importance of the points made above, as well as to put forth potential solutions.

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New forms of intra-European migration, labour market dynamics and social inequality in Europe

Author(s): Roland Verwiebe,Roland Teitzer,Laura Wiesböck / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

This article deals with new forms of Intra-European migration, processes of integration and inequality, and dynamics of emerging transnational labour markets in Europe. We discuss these issues against the background of fundamental changes which have been taking place on the European continent over the past two decades. Drawing on available comparative European data, we examine, in a first step, whether the changes in intra-European migration patterns have been accompanied by a differentiation of the causes of migration. In a second step, we discuss the extent to which new forms of transna-tional labour markets have been emerging within Europe and their effects on systems of social stratification.

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Poverty measurement for a binational population

Author(s): Anita Alves Pena / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2013

Traditional poverty measures are inappropriate for migrant populations. Frequently cited poverty thresholds are calculated under assumptions that individuals and their families face only one set of prices annually. This study formulates (and contrasts to current thresholds) alternative measures for a population that spends substantial time in two (or more) countries. Specifically, weights are developed based on annual week allocations, income, family characteristics, and comparative price levels. As illustration, an example demonstrating how alternative thresholds can be generated for those whose annual work spans international boundaries is drawn from the Mexico-US migration context using survey data, official thresholds, and these weights. Despite caveats due to data limitations for the case study, illustrations should be of interest academically and to those involved in ground-level statistical calculations pertaining to demographic trends and the welfare state.

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Political Orientations of the Economic Elite in Serbia

Author(s): Milica Z. Vesković Anđelković / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2015

Based on the findings of empirical research conducted in 2012, the author analyzes the orientation of the economically dominant stratum of the emerging capitalist class in Serbia towards the political parties which stood for election that same year. In addition, survey data from 1997 and 2003 was used, which was collected as a sample of the economic elite. This data is compared with a sample on other citizens, collected in the same years, in order to compare the political orientation of the emerging capitalist class and the rest of the population. Furthermore, the author analyzes the influence of factors such as gender, age and ownership structures on the political orientation of the economically elite.

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Consistent Poverty across the EU

Author(s): Anna B. Kiss,András Gábos / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

This paper investigates consistent poverty defined as living at the risk of both income poverty and material deprivation. Using EU-SILC data from 2012, we analyze patterns of consistent poverty across EU member states and in the main individual and household-level factors predicting this status. According to our results, consistent poverty is present in all Member States, although its extent displays fairly large cross-country differences. The share of those living in consistent poverty is highest in the New Member States and the Southern countries. Living in consistent poverty is associated with several household characteristics. Those living in consistent poverty are more likely than those in severe material deprivation or income poverty to live in bigger families, to have lower levels of education, and to have weak or non-existent links to the labor market. In addition, they evaluate their financial circumstances as being worse, ceteris paribus.

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Policy and experiences of professional integration of young immigrants in the Walloon region (Belgium)

Author(s): Altay Manço / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2004

This paper aims to identify obstacles to integration of young foreigners in the Walloon region and more generally in Belgium as a whole while presenting in a critical manner the actions undertaken by the local and/or regional actors and the public policies aimed at overcoming these obstacles. Since the 1960s, North Africans, Turkish and Sub-Saharan immigrants and their families have constituted the major component of non-European inflows into Belgium. It has been proved that youths of immigrant descent, in the absence of positive parental role models, often experience difficulties in breaking into the work arena. General initiatives that address the entire population groups experiencing difficulty with employment are inadequate as far as the social integration of foreigners is concerned. In order to go beyond local pilot initiatives and the experimental phase, the Walloon Region has set up integration policy measures for foreigners in the framework of the Centres régionaux d'intégration (CRI) , created under the Decree of 4th July 1996. The action of professional social integration handled by the CRI gives an impression of vagueness in the accomplishment of its role: frontline or rearguard, socio-professional or general integration, local or "trans-regional work".

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Measuring of Homophobia: From Traditional to Modern Instruments for Measuring Prejudices Toward Gay People

Author(s): Goran Madžarević / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2016

Due to increasing demands for equal civil rights, followed by the positive public attitudes toward sexual minorities in the past decades, this paper tracks changes in instruments measuring and explaining attitudes toward gay people while examining their value predispositions. The overview of several traditional and modern homophobia scales give a general insight in various predictive variables explaining why, and to what extent people hold certain attitudes towards homosexuality in view of their acceptance.

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Przemilczane i zapomniane. O zjawisku Matyldy, czyli systemowym umniejszaniu roli kobiet w nauce

Author(s): Aleksandra Derra / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

In late 1960’s the famous sociologist Robert Merton pointed out that the system of institutional science functions in a very peculiar way, namely, it distributes merits to scientists who are already known. As a result, their papers are cited more frequently and their research is highly evaluated already in advance. Merton called this tendency the ‘Matthew Effect’ and showed its advantageous results for institutionalized science. More than twenty years later the American historian of science Margaret Rossiter noticed a complementary phenomenon which consists in a division of the recognition of scientific achievements in relation to gender. According to Rossiter, women scientists have been ignored, denied appreciation and sometimes forgotten. She has labelled this phenomenon the ‘Matilda Effect’ in order to honour the suffragist and feminist critic Matilda Joslyn Gage. The aim of the present article is to examine specifi c mechanisms responsible for the systematic erasing of women from the history of science, which is connected with devaluation of their scientific achievements and with a reduction of their role in the development of certain scientific domains. Generally speaking, the ‘Matilda Effect’ amounts to silencing women in scientific culture. Additionally, the author refers to the ignorance of the gender factor as a significant issue in the critical approach to science. In the article Merton’s analysis is juxtaposed with Rossiter’s observations. In order to describe the functioning of the ‘Matilda effect’ in a more detailed way, I discuss the history of the scientific activity of two prominent female scientists: Rosalind Franklin, a chemist and crystallographer, and Ruth Hubbard, a biologist.

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How Internal Immigration Can Affect Income Inequality: The Italian Case from an Economic and Juridical Perspective

Author(s): Salvatore Villani,Lugi Ferrara,Giorgio Liotti / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

A number of scholars are currently arguing that migration may have an important role in the reduction of inequality. It has happened before and it may also happen in the future, as it is possible and desirable. However, migration in itself does not resolve the issue of inequalities. At most, it would shift it forward, because redistribution through immigration does not exempt from previously creating a basic set of rules and institutions aimed at stimulating a major cooperation by countries to change the legal management systems of migration and correct their redistributive effects. In light of these studies, the present paper focuses on the regional impact of internal migration and attempts to demonstrate, with reference to the Italian case, how out-migration can increase income inequalities, thus hindering economic growth, while immigration can reduce income inequalities and mitigate economic imbalances. From a juridical point of view, we study the regional restrictions related to residence workers protection, the free movement of European workers and the welfare benefits for migrants.

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Stan zdrowia kobiet – zagrożenia, społeczne uwarunkowania

Author(s): Antonina Ostrowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The results of several epidemiological and clinical studies document male – female health differences. Apart from biological divergence, they reflect differences in social status of both sexes, their social roles and elements of life styles. The above indicates the necessity of discussing the health problems of men and women also separately. The article presents main characteristic of women’s health in Poland, with special stress put on chronic diseases causing their excess mortality and leading to disability. The text is based on a broader report “Polish Women 2013 – Health and its threats.”

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Niepełnoletni rodzice i ich rodziny jako podmiot wsparcia. Badania własne

Author(s): Łukasz P. Ratajczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2014

Underage parenting is an experience that can be defined as difficult, even critical. It is the same both for teenagers and their families. Adopting the role of a father and mother in adolescence, and so prematurely, generates a number of difficulties that occur in almost every sphere of functioning of these young people. It is therefore necessary to take steps supporting not only underage parents, but also their families. In this article, the issue of supporting teen parents and their families have been described. The sources of information are the empirical studies of underage mothers carried out in 2008 and underage fathers in 2012-2013. They enabled not only to recognize the difficulties that usually involve teen parents, but also the scope and type of support they receive.

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Orientacje sprawcze i wspólnotowe współczesnej młodzieży

Author(s): Paulina Peret-Drążewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2014

The primary aim of the article is a discussion on the youth's orientation in the social aspects of life in theoretical and empirical perspective. The research subject raised in this article is to show the image of the today’s youths from the perspective of peers by the designation of some aspects, especially social orientations, that are being only fragments of the necessary conditions to seize the situation of young people.

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Picie kontrolowane – propozycja strategii pomocowych dla młodych dorosłych

Author(s): Dorota Dolata / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2014

As statistics in Poland show, more and more younger people reach for alcohol and, what is more, they struggle to control their drinking. This often leads to a number of serious consequences for all health, economic, psychological, and social ones. They include beatings, injuries, loss of material property or even conflict with the law. Uncontrolled chemical intoxication may even lead to the long-term consequences which is e.g. addiction to alcohol. In some countries, they apply a form of assistance to people drinking in a risky way, and not only to them, which is aimed at the acquisition of skills for controlling alcohol consumption. There are used a number of methods and progressive stages of dealing with the client, so that he or she would learn controlled drinking. Therefore, not only this article briefly presents the causes and mechanisms of addiction resulting in the wide range of consequences, but also is the proposal for a strategy of assistance for young adults focused on the acquisition of skills in controlling the use of alcohol, as well as shows the results of the effectiveness of this form of assistance in some countries in the world.

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Sprawozdanie z Seminarium Naukowego „Młodość i starość – razem czy osobno? Perspektywa pedagogiczna”

Author(s): Kamila Słupska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2014

Sprawozdanie z Seminarium Naukowego „Młodość i starość – razem czy osobno? Perspektywa pedagogiczna”, Poznań, 28 maja 2014 roku The report of the Scientific Seminar "Youth and old age - together or separately? The prospect of training courses ", Poznań 28 May 2014

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